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1.
小麦品种抗倒性评价方法的研究 总被引：41，自引：0，他引：41
以抗倒性不同的１５个高产小麦品种（系）为材料，通过进一步的力学分析，提出了“品种倒伏指数”的新概念。经实际应用于品种抗倒性的评价，证明“品种倒伏指数”综合考虑了植株的重心、重和茎秆机械强度等因素的影响，能客观、准确地评价品种的抗倒性。通径分析结果表明，茎秆机械强度与品种抗倒性关系最为密切。根据不同品种的抗倒性差异，应用系统聚类法首次将品种划分为高抗型、普抗型、中间型和易倒型四种抗倒类型。 相似文献
2.
《分子植物育种》2016,(3)
在玉米大豆套作模式中,苗期倒伏严重影响大豆产量。为建立套作大豆苗期抗倒伏性评价方法,本研究以30个大豆品种(品系)为材料,对抗倒评价指标和方法进行筛选。结果表明,在套作下,供试的30个大豆材料在播种后35 d,即发生不同程度的倒伏,倒伏率38.46%~86.23%,品种间差异显著;通常用于评价净作大豆抗倒性的重力矩与套作大豆苗期实际倒伏率相关性不显著,不能用于评价其抗倒能力;而由植株主茎长、茎粗、茎秆抗折力和地上部生物量4个因子组成的抗倒伏指数[(茎秆抗折力×茎粗)/(地上部干重×主茎长)],与套作大豆苗期实际倒伏率相关系数最大(r=-0.946),能够准确反映其抗倒性差异,适合于评价套作大豆苗期的抗倒伏能力。通径分析结果表明,以上组成因子对抗倒伏指数作用由大到小(绝对值)依次为抗折力主茎长地上部干重茎粗,说明要提高套作大豆的抗倒性,应该首选茎秆强度大、主茎短的大豆品种。本研究为套作大豆的苗期抗性评价提供了有效方法,对大豆抗倒伏育种以及评价品种间的抗倒性具有指导意义。 相似文献
3.
玉米抗茎倒伏能力相关性状与评价研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
茎倒伏造成玉米产量和品质下降,收获成本增加,籽粒生理成熟后无法继续田间站秆脱水,影响玉米机械化籽粒收获。关于玉米抗茎倒伏相关的性状,前人从植株形态、节间形态、解剖结构和化学成分等方面进行了大量研究,但结果不完全一致,同时这些性状对茎秆抗倒性作用大小的定量研究较少。本文综述了玉米抗茎倒伏能力的评价方法和指标、茎秆力学测定方法、抗茎倒伏能力相关性状的分析方法及其影响因素,提出了抗茎倒伏能力相关性状及评价研究中存在的问题和需要进一步关注的内容,希望为进一步研究玉米抗茎倒伏相关性状及其评价方法,培育抗倒伏品种和优化栽培措施提供参考。 相似文献
4.
滴灌春小麦蜡熟期抗倒性综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2017,(8)
在滴灌条件下以19份春小麦品种为试验材料,考察与抗倒性相关的8个农艺性状,并以品种倒伏指数、品种倒伏系数、倒伏指数、倒伏系数及茎秆抗倒指数等5个指标分别对供试材料的抗倒性进行鉴定。以基于5个鉴定指标的抗倒性度量值为评价依据,根据各指标度量值的隶属函数值的变异系数分配各指标的权重,利用加权隶属函数法对供试品种的抗倒性进行综合评价,运用聚类分析法对供试品种的抗倒性进行分类。结果表明,供试材料间抗倒性及相关农艺性状差异显著,供试材料在5个鉴定指标上的抗倒性差异明显。通过加权隶属函数和聚类分析,得到不同品种抗倒性综合评价值(D值),并将19个小麦品种划分为5种抗倒类型,其中强抗型品种1个,高抗型和普抗型品种各4个,风险型品种6个,易倒型品种3个。简单相关及偏相关分析结果表明,茎秆抗倒伏指数与D值呈极限值正相关,茎秆抗倒伏指数可作为小麦蜡熟期抗倒性快速鉴定的参考指标。加权隶属函数法对滴灌条件下小麦品种抗倒伏性综合评价具有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
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6.
农作物倒伏及其评价方法 总被引：45，自引：2，他引：43
倒伏是由外界因素引发的植株茎秆从自然直立状态到永久错位的现象。倒伏是作物生产中普遍存在的问题,已成为高产稳产的重要限制因素之一。倒伏的严重性和对产量品质所造成的损失与作物生长环境和倒伏的发生时期有关。一般来说,适宜的生长环境、促进作物生长和产量提高的措施会引发倒伏或使倒伏程度加重。鉴于倒伏性对产量、品质的严重影响,国内外学者对作物的抗倒伏性进行了广泛深入的研究。笔者综述了对倒伏类型的划分,归纳为茎倒(折)、根倒和根茎复合倒伏三种类型,并对评价抗倒性的方法和指标的进展情况进行了讨论。 相似文献
7.
茎秆特性和木质素合成与青稞抗倒伏关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
倒伏是影响青稞品质和产量的主要因子之一,开展抗倒伏机制研究对抗倒伏品种选育意义重大。以青稞品种昆仑14号、昆仑16号和藏2972为抗倒伏材料,门源亮蓝、北青6号和化隆红青稞为倒伏材料,通过茎秆特性、茎秆中纤维素和木质素含量及其合成相关酶活性的研究,探讨茎秆特性与木质素合成同青稞抗倒性之间的关系。结果表明,相比于倒伏品种,抗倒伏品种的茎较短,茎秆中酪氨酸解氨酶(TAL)、苯丙氨酸转氨酶(PAL)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)和4-香豆酸:CoA连接酶(4CL)活性升高,使茎秆内积累较多的木质素,增大了茎秆抗折力,进而增强青稞抗倒伏能力。 相似文献
8.
为了搞清楚消费者网购生鲜农产品消费行为，本研究在TAM理论的基础上，构建了消费者网购生鲜农产品态度和意愿的理论模型，分析了感知有用性、感知易用性、感知风险和卖家信任度对消费者购买态度及意愿的影响。通过在北京市实地调查采集了338 份有效数据，运用结构方程模型对影响因素进行了检验。结果表明，感知有用性、感知易用性、卖家信任度对消费者网购生鲜农产品态度有显著的正向影响，而感知风险对消费者网购生鲜态度有负向影响，但不显著。最后，对生鲜农产品电子商务网站平台以及商家提出了建议。 相似文献
9.
荞麦茎秆解剖结构和木质素代谢及其与抗倒性的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以抗倒伏能力不同的4个荞麦品种研究表明,荞麦茎秆抗倒伏能力与茎秆解剖结构和木质素代谢密切相关。倒伏率与茎秆抗折力参数(r = –0.907, P < 0.01)、木质素含量(r = –0.844, P < 0.01)、机械组织厚度(r = –0.881, P < 0.01)、茎壁厚度(r = –0.947, P < 0.01)、维管束面积(r = –0.846, P < 0.01)、机械组织层数(r = –0.806, P < 0.05)和大维管束数目(r = –0.709, P < 0.05)呈显著负相关,而与倒伏指数(r = 0.842, P < 0.01)呈显著正相关。木质素含量与苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性(r = 0.984, P < 0.01)、4-香豆酸:CoA连接酶(4CL)活性(r = 0.927, P < 0.01)和肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)活性(r = 0.862, P < 0.01)呈显著正相关。茎秆木质素含量、机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、大维管束数目和维管束面积可以作为荞麦茎秆抗倒伏能力的重要评价指标。茎秆木质素含量高、机械组织层数多、机械组织和茎壁厚、大维管束数目多且维管束面积大的荞麦品种,其茎秆抗折力参数大、倒伏指数小、抗倒伏能力强。 相似文献
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11.
种植密度对苦荞麦抗倒伏特性及产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了明确苦荞麦抗倒伏特性和适宜的种植密度,提高产量,以‘西荞1号’苦荞麦为材料,研究了不同种植密度对苦荞麦抗倒伏特性及产量的影响。结果表明：种植密度大小显著影响茎秆和根系形态,随着种植密度的增大,田间透光率降低,株高和节间长度增加,主根长、一级侧根数和根体积减少,倒伏率增加,产量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。相关分析发现,苦荞麦茎秆和根系的特征与植株的抗倒伏特性密切相关。株高和节间长度与茎秆强度呈显著的负相关关系,与倒伏率则呈显著的正相关关系。适宜的种植密度（9×105~12×105株/hm2）能够减少荞麦倒伏的发生,提高抗倒能力,增加群体产量,值得推广应用。 相似文献
12.
作物抗倒伏的评价方法研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
倒伏是由内外因素引发的植株茎秆从自然直立状态到永久错位的现象,人们在倒伏对产量和品质的影响研究方面做了大量工作,并创立了许多评价方法。笔者从作物茎秆的化学成分与形态结构、力学原理和QTL定位等方面对抗倒伏的评价方法进行了总结：纤维素和木质素的含量多少与倒伏有紧密的联系;同时,作物的株高、茎节的长度、单茎的鲜重以及维管束的面积、密度、视野中的数量等许多形态显微结构与倒伏亦有关系;许多专家利用力学原理对多种作物的抗倒能力进行了实验,最后,对研究作物倒伏评价方法的研究方向进行了探讨。 相似文献
13.
小麦抗倒伏研究动态追踪——基于WoS和CNKI数据库的文献计量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为追踪小麦抗倒伏研究领域内的发展动态,基于科学引文数据库(Web of Science)和中国知网数据库(CNKI),对1990—2020年相关文献进行计量学分析,可视化呈现了该领域的研究态势。结果显示,近30年小麦抗倒伏研究逐渐成为作物学科研究的热点,研究机构主要集中于英国和中国。抗倒伏研究的代表性刊物为Field Crops Research、《麦类作物学报》等。研究方向主要为小麦倒伏遗传效应及基因定位、茎秆表型及组成物质与抗倒伏性能的关系、倒伏发生的评价与监测、倒伏防控的农艺措施等。随着学科间交叉融合,对小麦生长的全过程动态监控及智能调控,将成为小麦抗倒伏研究的重点。该分析结果有利于相关研究者深入了解小麦抗倒伏研究的发展趋势,为小麦抗倒伏理论与技术研究提供依据。 相似文献
14.
为了优化油用亚麻抗倒伏的肥料运筹措施,以‘陇亚11号’和‘定亚23号’为试验材料,通过裂区设计,研究了钾肥（不施钾、52.5 kg K2O/hm2和105 kg K2O /hm2 3个水平）和硅肥（不施硅和90 kg SiO2/hm2 2个水平）用量对油用亚麻茎秆形态学、力学抗倒伏特性及产量的影响。结果表明：‘陇亚11号’的株高、重心高度及茎粗、壁厚、抗折力均显著大于‘定亚23号’,茎秆形态学及力学抗倒伏特性的综合影响下,‘陇亚11号’较‘定亚23号’倒伏率提高21.24%而产量降低9.43%。钾肥显著改善了抗倒的茎秆表观形态学特性,施钾后茎粗、壁厚、茎秆抗折力、抗倒伏指数提高而株高和重心高度降低,千粒重和籽粒产量分别提高7.35%和9.34%。硅肥对茎秆形态学、力学特性及籽粒产量均无主效应,但硅肥与钾肥的互作使茎粗显著增加。抗倒伏指数与茎粗、壁厚呈显著正相关,与株高、重心高度呈显著负相关。品种间的茎秆抗倒伏特性差异较大,施用钾肥显著改善了抗倒的茎秆表观形态学特性,优化了茎秆机械性能,增强了油用亚麻的抗倒伏能力;供钾量较低时,硅肥与钾肥对茎粗的互作正效应明显。 相似文献
15.
Effects of uniconazole or gibberellic acid application on the lignin metabolism in relation to lodging resistance of culm in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Y. Zhang K. Huang Y. Zhang Y. Li J. Nie H. She R. Ruan X. Yuan Z. Yi 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2018,204(4):414-423
Lignin plays an important role in increasing the mechanical intensity of culm and improving lodging resistance of culm. In this study, three common buckwheat, Youqiao2 (lodging‐tolerant cultivar; YQ2), Ningqiao1 (middle lodging‐tolerant cultivar; NQ1) and Ukraine daliqiao (lodging‐susceptible cultivar; UD), were used to investigate the effects of spraying exogenous hormones uniconazole (S‐3307) or gibberellic acid (GA3) on lignin metabolism and its relation to lodging resistance in the three common buckwheat cultivars. Results showed that application of S‐3307 significantly increased lignin content and its related enzymes activities of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), 4‐hydroxy cinnamoyl CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and peroxidase (POD). The major genes involved in lignin synthesis, PAL, CCR (cinnamyl CoA reductase), C4H (cinnamate4‐hydroxylase), 4CL and CCoAOMT (caffeoyl CoA O‐methyltransferase), were all upregulated expression, and COMT (catechol‐O‐methyltransferase) was downregulated. What is more, application of S‐3307 significantly improved the resistance of common buckwheat stem to lodging and increased yield. Whereas, spraying with GA3 caused opposite effect on those characteristics. These results suggested that application of exogenous S‐3307 or GA3 significantly changed the risk of lodging occurred by regulating the lignin metabolism in culms of common buckwheat. 相似文献
16.
P. M. Berry J. Spink M. Sterling A. A. Pickett 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2003,189(6):390-401
Lodging resistance ratings for winter wheat cultivars are frequently based upon observations of lodging. This is an unreliable method because of the frequent occurrence of years without significant lodging events. It also does not distinguish between stem and root lodging resistance. This paper describes the development and testing of instrumentation and procedures for two field‐based methods to rapidly assess stem and root lodging resistance. Both methods used a specifically designed instrument for measuring the resistance of shoots against rotational displacement. Stem lodging resistance was assessed when the soil was dry and strong, whereas resistance to root lodging was assessed after the soil had been weakened by irrigation. Tests were carried out on 14 winter wheat cultivars grown at two sites in the UK during 2002. Both methods were able to detect statistically significant differences between the cultivars for their resistance to stem and root lodging. A comparison of these results with observations of lodging in the field showed that the methods accounted for about 60 and 50 % of the stem and root lodging respectively. 相似文献
17.
大麦根倒伏抗性评价方法及其倒伏系数的通径分析 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：23
本研究对倒伏性不同的20个大麦材料进行力学分析和根量、茎秆机械强度等8项指标的测定与计算,综合考察了植物高度、单茎鲜重、茎秆机械强度和根量等各种因素的影响.通径分析结果显示:根量和株高与大麦倒伏系数的关系最密切.相关分析表明:倒伏系数与倒伏程度的相关性达极显著水平.以"倒伏系数”为衡量标准,能客观、准确地评价 相似文献
18.
Bohong Tian Jianguang Wang Lixin Zhang Yajing Li Suying Wang Hongjie Li 《Euphytica》2010,172(3):295-302
Lodging results in serious yield and quality reductions in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Among summer crops, foxtail millet is a high density and soft stalked crop that is prone to lodging. Field selection for
lodging resistance is difficult because the occurrence of lodging depends on the environmental conditions. A practical method
for the evaluation of lodging is not available for foxtail millet, so an understanding of lodging-associated traits and identifying
a suitable method to assess lodging are essential to select for lodging resistance and to predict the risk of lodging in a
cultivar. In the present study, six stem and root traits associated with lodging was measured in the field and lodging coefficients
were determined to evaluate lodging resistance in landrace and improved cultivars. Based on the results of correlation analysis,
lodging coefficient is a suitable indicator for field selection for lodging resistance in both classes of cultivars tested
for breeding purpose. Statistical analyses demonstrated that lodging was associated with stem quality rather than plant height
and internode length at the stem base. The most important trait that directly impacted on lodging coefficient was mechanical
strength of the stem and plant height in the landraces, while the weights of the above- and under-ground tissues, in combination
with mechanical strength of the stem, were the most important contributors to lodging coefficient in the improved cultivars. 相似文献
19.
烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以中抗倒伏甜荞品种宁荞1号为材料,设置0、100、200和300 mg kg–1烯效唑干拌种处理,研究倒伏习性、产量、茎秆抗折力、倒伏指数、茎秆形态特性和茎秆解剖结构的变化,探讨烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的影响。结果表明,烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能有显著影响。随烯效唑干拌种浓度的增加,产量、茎秆抗折力、第2节间粗、第2节间干重、节间充实度、机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、维管束数目和维管束面积先增加后降低,倒伏率、倒伏指数、株高、茎秆重心高度、茎秆鲜重和第2节间长先降低后增加。当烯效唑干拌种浓度为200 mg kg–1时,能有效优化甜荞茎秆结构,改善茎秆质量,减小倒伏风险,增加产量。 相似文献
20.
Tatsuro Suzuki Kazuki Tsujimoto Gakuto Maruo Takahiro Hara Kenjiro Katsu Asana Matsuura Toshikazu Morishita Takashi Hara Koji Ishiguro Shiori Otsuka 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(4):527-536
An important breeding issue in buckwheat is to increase its resistance to lodging, which can result in the loss of yield and quality of buckwheat foods. We developed the semidwarf buckwheat ‘Kyukei 50’, which has a short plant height and a strong lodging resistance. The internode length of ‘Kyukei 50’ was shorter than that of the summer-sown standard variety ‘HITACHIAKISOBA’. Progeny analysis revealed that the semidwarf trait was dominated by at least one recessive gene. Compared with ‘HITACHIAKISOBA’, in ‘Kyukei 50’, the time of maturation was earlier, and the pre-harvest sprouting resistance was the same, indicating that ‘Kyukei 50’ is suitable for sowing in both spring and summer. ‘Kyukei 50’ exhibits the ‘green flower type’ shattering resistance trait and, therefore, has a thick pedicel; breaking tensile strength is approximately two-fold stronger than that of ‘HITACHIAKISOBA’. The yield of ‘Kyukei 50’ is the same as that of ‘HITACHIAKISOBA’. In addition, the lowest seed height of ‘Kyukei 50’ was >17 cm. These results indicate that the ‘Kyukei 50’ is a promising breeding line for lodging resistance and loss of harvesting machinery. 相似文献