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1.
不同专用型小麦籽粒淀粉粒形成过程 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11
淀粉是籽粒胚乳中的主要成分,约占其重量的3/4左右.淀粉在胚乳中以淀粉粒的形式存在,因此淀粉粒的形成在很大程度上影响小麦加工品质的优劣(D'Appolonia,1971[1];Rasper,1980[2]).关于不同品种小麦籽粒成熟期淀粉粒形态和结构的差异已有不少报道[3～7],认为角质化程度高的小麦品种籽粒中淀粉粒上包裹蛋白质鞘多,且结合紧密;而角质化程度低的小麦品种淀粉粒上包裹蛋白质鞘相对较少,且结合疏松.对于不同专用型小麦胚乳中淀粉粒形成过程研究较少. 相似文献
2.
水稻籽粒直链淀粉及蛋白质含量对孕穗期弱光胁迫的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以2个不同直链淀粉含量的水稻品种为材料，研究了孕穗期遮光（遮光率50％）对水稻籽粒直链淀粉及蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明，遮光与对照的籽粒直链淀粉的积累过程均可以用二次曲线回归方程模拟，因此其积累过程可以大体分为2个阶段，即快速增长阶段，变化相对平稳阶段；遮光的籽粒直链淀粉和蛋白质含量变化速率具有波动性，即时而高于对照，时而低于对照；遮光对2个品种籽粒直链淀粉及蛋白质含量的影响完全相反；成熟籽粒直链淀粉与蛋白质含量呈负相关性，相关系数r=-0．81786，表明孕穗期遮光可能会对稻米的食味品质产生不利影响。 相似文献
3.
播期对糯玉米籽粒产量及品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为满足农户对糯玉米种植的不同需求,探讨山西中晚熟地区播期对糯玉米产量与品质的影响。以晋糯18和晋糯20为试验材料,4月26日-7月5日,设置6个播期处理,研究其对产量、穗长、百粒重、穗粒重及籽粒蛋白质、淀粉、粗纤维素及赖氨酸相对含量的影响。结果表明,播期与品种对糯玉米产量及品质都有显著影响。其中B3播期（5月24日）处理下2个糯玉米品种产量、穗长、百粒重及穗粒重都高于其他播期处理,说明糯玉米适宜在小满前后播种。提前播期有利于籽粒蛋白质、赖氨酸相对含量的提高,而推迟播期降低籽粒粗纤维素、赖氨酸相对含量。B1与B6播期下籽粒淀粉相对含量低于其他播期,且B4、B5播期下籽粒淀粉相对含量高于其他播期。说明适当推迟播期有利于籽粒淀粉相对含量的提高,但过早或过迟播种均显著降低籽粒淀粉含量。糯玉米籽粒中粗纤维素含量与品种遗传背景密切相关,且推迟播种后品种差异对籽粒淀粉含量的影响降低。通过相关性分析发现积温、降水量与产量、穗粒重以及赖氨酸相对含量均达到极显著正相关关系,与穗长、百粒重均达到显著正相关关系,说明播期对产量性状及籽粒赖氨酸相对含量有显著影响。在山西中晚熟地区糯玉米在小满前后播种时产量最高,适当提前有利于籽粒蛋白质、赖氨酸含量的提高,适当推迟有利于籽粒粗纤维素、淀粉含量的提高。 相似文献
4.
《华北农学报》2016,(Z1)
为了解析面粉糊化特性与籽粒品质和淀粉组分的相关关系,以70份农家种及高代为研究对象,分析糊化参数与籽粒品质(籽粒蛋白质含量、籽粒硬度、千粒质量和容重)和淀粉组分含量的相关关系。结果显示,除了与籽粒蛋白质含量和支链淀粉含量,面粉糊化参数与籽粒品质和淀粉组分的其他性状、指标均存在不同程度的相关性:直链淀粉含量与稀澥值和反弹值相关度较高(r=-0.67和0.62),而与峰值粘度和最终粘度相关度较低(r=-0.48和0.45);籽粒硬度与糊化温度高度负相关(r=-0.84),与峰值粘度、反弹值和糊化时间也显著相关,但相关系数较低,分别为-0.28,0.33和0.36;千粒质量与稀澥值和糊化温度低度相关(r=-0.27和-0.26),而容重与低谷粘度和最终粘度相关度较高,相关系数分别为0.43和0.40。总之,稀澥值和反弹值主要与直链淀粉含量相关,高稀澥值和低反弹值在较大程度上表明直链淀粉含量偏低,并且,高峰值粘度和低最终粘度往往也表明直链淀粉含量偏低;容重偏高往往意味低谷粘度和最终粘度也较高;籽粒硬度偏高在很大程度上预示糊化温度偏低。 相似文献
5.
籽粒硬度可以反映麦类籽粒胚乳质地,与其碾磨性能和食用加工品质密切相关。为了探究裸燕麦(Avena nuda L.)籽粒淀粉特性及其表面结合蛋白与籽粒硬度的关系。本文以5份软质和5份硬质裸燕麦种质为材料,测定总淀粉、支链和直链淀粉含量,观察淀粉粒特性和粒度,对淀粉颗粒表面结合蛋白进行质谱鉴定。结果表明:成熟籽粒中淀粉颗粒的形状有圆形、椭圆形和不规则形,淀粉粒的数量、体积和表面积均呈现单峰分布;淀粉粒大小可分为小(粒径<6μm)、中(6～40μm)和大淀粉粒(粒径>40μm),裸燕麦籽粒主要由小和中淀粉粒组成;硬度不同的裸燕麦籽粒中淀粉的粒度分布不同,软质裸燕麦小淀粉粒的数量和体积百分比高于硬质,中、大淀粉粒的数量和体积百分比低于硬质;软质裸燕麦小和中淀粉粒的表面积百分比高于硬质,大淀粉粒表面积百分比低于硬质;裸燕麦籽粒硬度与支链淀粉含量呈正相关。软质裸燕麦14 kD蛋白在淀粉颗粒表面的含量高于硬质裸燕麦,该蛋白条带经HPLC/MS共鉴定到41种蛋白,包括Vromindoline蛋白和燕麦α淀粉酶胰蛋白酶抑制剂等。综上所述,裸燕麦籽粒淀粉含量、粒度分布和淀粉表面结合蛋白均与籽粒... 相似文献
6.
摘 要： 以3个不同品质类型春小麦为材料,在不同氮水平下,研究硫对籽粒支链淀粉积累及淀粉组分的影响。结果表明,同一品种支链淀粉的动态积累趋势相似,各品种开花后支链淀粉含量呈增加的趋势。开花后5d籽粒即有一定量的支链淀粉积累,随着灌浆进程,支链淀粉积累速率逐渐降低。硫对小麦籽粒支链淀粉含量及淀粉组分的调节作用与氮水平有关。在低氮(N60)水平下,适量施硫有利于高蛋白品种籽粒支链淀粉含量的提高,但降低低蛋白品种籽粒支链淀粉含量。在高氮(N128)水平下,增施硫有利于各品种籽粒支链淀粉含量的提高,但不同类型品种的需硫量存在差异。低氮与硫配合及高氮与硫配合均有利于改善小麦籽粒淀粉组分。 相似文献
7.
直链淀粉含量不同的稻米淀粉结构、糊化特性研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
选用直链淀粉含量不同的4个水稻品种,研究其淀粉体结构和糊化特性。发现不同品种的淀粉体结构、糊化特性随直链淀粉含量的不同呈现一定的变化规律。直链淀粉含量从3.43%至21.65%,其晶体类型为A型,相对结晶度呈下降趋势,消减值表现为升高趋势,相对结晶度和消减值与直链淀粉含量分别呈显著负相关和极显著正相关(r=－0.964*, r=0.997**),消减值与结晶度呈显著负相关（r=－0.960*）。米粒的背部和腹部间淀粉体大小和排列有所不同,糯性或低直链淀粉含量与非糯性或高直链淀粉稻米的胚乳结构存在差异,淀粉体排列以糯稻较紧,粳稻次之,籼稻最松。淀粉的相对结晶度可能与胚乳中淀粉体的形状和紧密程度有关。 相似文献
8.
水稻籽粒非结构性碳水化合物及充实的氮素调控 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高籽粒充实度和改善稻米品质,以籼、粳水稻品种为材料,研究不同氮素穗肥施用量对水稻强、弱势粒中可溶性糖积累和直链淀粉含量的影响,探讨淀粉直/支比与籽粒充实度的关系。结果表明,强、弱势粒中可溶性糖含量随着生育进程均呈“L”型变化趋势,弱势粒明显高于强势粒;不同处理间均随着氮素穗肥施用量的增加,籽粒中可溶性糖含量呈增加趋势,这说明随着施氮量的增加水稻籽粒淀粉合成能力趋于减弱。直链淀粉含量在整个籽粒灌浆期基本呈上升趋势,不同氮素处理间均随着施氮量的增加,直链淀粉含量基本上呈下降趋势,成熟期直链淀粉平均含量表现为籼稻高于粳稻。淀粉直/支比在整个籽粒灌浆期内呈上升趋势,强、弱势粒淀粉直/支比峰值出现的时间不同,表现为弱势粒滞后于强势粒。相关分析表明,强、弱势粒直/支比与其籽粒充实度呈显著或极显著的直线正相关关系,说明提高淀粉直/支比可以提高籽粒充实度。 相似文献
9.
为了研究不同硬度等位基因与小麦籽粒淀粉组分含量及特性的关系,为小麦品质改良提供依据,以7个硬度Puroindoline b位点近等基因系为试材,研究了不同硬度基因型对小麦籽粒淀粉组分含量及特性的影响。结果表明,Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型的籽粒硬度值、支链淀粉含量最高;Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型的淀粉溶解度最高,而Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d溶解度最低,两者差异达显著水平;不同基因型之间籽粒淀粉酶解力没有显著差异;冻融失水率以基因型Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b最低,表明Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b基因型冻融稳定性最好,可能较适宜冷冻食品的制作;对于抗性淀粉,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b基因型的抗性淀粉含量最高、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d最低,表明Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b基因型有助于籽粒中抗性淀粉含量的提高。 相似文献
10.
11.
Takeshi Hayashi Asako Kobayashi Katsura Tomita Toyohiro Shimizu 《Breeding Science》2015,65(5):381-387
We developed and evaluated the effectiveness of a new method to detect differences among rice cultivars in their resistance to kernel cracking. The method induces kernel cracking under laboratory controlled condition by moisture absorption to brown rice. The optimal moisture absorption conditions were determined using two japonica cultivars, ‘Nipponbare’ as a cracking-resistant cultivar and ‘Yamahikari’ as a cracking-susceptible cultivar: 12% initial moisture content of the brown rice, a temperature of 25°C, a duration of 5 h, and only a single absorption treatment. We then evaluated the effectiveness of these conditions using 12 japonica cultivars. The proportion of cracked kernels was significantly correlated with the mean 10-day maximum temperature after heading. In addition, the correlation between the proportions of cracked kernels in the 2 years of the study was higher than that for values obtained using the traditional late harvest method. The new moisture absorption method could stably evaluate the resistance to kernel cracking, and will help breeders to develop future cultivars with less cracking of the kernels. 相似文献
12.
Summary Total seed proteins of 24 common buckwheat cultivars and cultivated populations within a molecular weight range of 30 to 54 kDa were analysed by SDS-PAGE. Single seed analysis of six cultivars identified a total of 18 alternative protein bands with different mobilities. Differences of individual protein band frequencies extracted from single seeds among six buckwheat cultivars varied distinctively, indicating high intravarietal polymorphism. The relation between frequencies of protein bands revealed by single seed analysis and their appearance on the bulk seed analyses was demonstrated. Regarding to band mobility rate and relative band intensity among 24 bulk samples analysed, 14 had distinctive electrophoregrams while the other 10 were ranged into four distinct groups. Analysis of endosperm and cotyledon proteins showed that proteins stored in these main seed parts are tissue specific. The observed electrophoretic polymorphism related to proteins stored in the cotyledons while there was no apparent variability with endosperm proteins. 相似文献
13.
钙对水稻苗期光合特性影响及其亚细胞分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明钙对水稻苗期光合特性影响及其在亚细胞分布的分布规律,选用高糙米钙含量品种和低糙米钙含量品种为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了钙对水稻苗期光合特性的影响及其在水稻不同类型品种中的亚细胞分布。结果表明,高钙品种的叶片净光合速率明显强于低钙品种。水稻叶片中钙含量大于根系中钙含量。在各重要细胞器组分中,钙分布表现为细胞壁>核糖体及细胞内可溶物>质体（或叶绿体）>线粒体>细胞核,细胞壁是钙最主要分布场所,细胞核﹑线粒体中分布较少。各细胞器中钙含量随钙处理浓度升高而增加,高钙品种表现更为明显。高钙处理对高钙品种各重要细胞器钙增加明显,推测高钙品种表现出更强的积累钙和耐受高钙胁迫能力。 相似文献
14.
碾米机是检验稻谷出米率的专用设备,也是稻谷品质检验工作必需的糙米碾白设备。利用碾米机磨腔中砂轮与糙米之间的摩擦,除去大部分或全部糠皮。通过控制入磨试样量及碾磨时间,将糙米碾成不同精度的白米。碾米机的碾米质量直接影响到稻谷和优质稻谷国家标准的贯彻执行时的等级判定。 相似文献
15.
稻米中含二硫键蛋白对其米饭质地的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选用11个水稻品种,通过二硫苏糖醇（dithiothreitol,DTT）处理打破蛋白质二硫键后,观察稻米粉快速黏度仪RVA（Rapid Visco Analyzer）特征谱的形成、特征值及其米饭质地的变化,进而研究蛋白质对米饭食味品质的作用。结果表明,供试品种米粉添加DTT后,其RVA的峰值黏度和糊化温度大都显著或极显著下降,崩解值大都显著或极显著上升,RVA特征谱上升阶段的线性部分的斜率大都减少;米饭质地则大都变软变黏。稻米中由二硫键形成的蛋白质网络可能增强糊化液的刚性或蛋白质水合作用而改变淀粉的吸水性能,两者共同作用协同提高RVA的峰值黏度和糊化温度等。由二硫键结合而形成的蛋白质网络也可能是影响米饭硬度和黏性的主要作用之一。 相似文献
16.
Quantitative trait loci for whiteness of cooked rice detected in improved rice cultivars in Hokkaido
Hiroshi Shinada Toshio Yamamoto Eiji Yamamoto Kiyosumi Hori Yuji Hirayama Toshihiko Maekawa Hitoshi Kiuchi Hirokazu Sato Takashi Sato 《Breeding Science》2015,65(3):201-207
Improving the eating quality of cooked rice has been one of the most important objectives in rice breeding programs. Eating quality of cooked rice is a complex trait including several components, such as external appearance, taste, aroma, and texture. Therefore, dissection of these components followed by marker-assisted selection of detected QTL(s) may be a useful approach for achieving desirable eating quality in rice breeding. Whiteness of cooked rice (WCR) is an important factor related to the external appearance of cooked rice. WCR is known to be associated with the amylose and protein contents of the endosperm. However, the genetic basis of WCR remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated phenotypic variation in WCR among recently developed rice cultivars from Hokkaido, Japan. Then, we developed doubled haploid lines (DHLs) derived from a cross between two cultivars from Hokkaido, Joiku No. 462 (high WCR) and Jokei06214 (low WCR). Using the DHLs, we detected two QTLs for WCR, qWCR3 and qWCR11, on chromosomes 3 and 11, respectively. We also examined the dosage effect of the two QTLs based on both the categorized segregants in the DHLs and the relationship between the WCR phenotype and inheritance around the QTL regions in cultivars from Hokkaido. 相似文献
17.
Non-Uniformity of Grain Characteristics and Milling Quality of California Rice (Oryza sativa L.) of Different Maturities 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Head rice recovery is one of the most important factors in determining a grower's income. While previous investigators have shown that certain physical characteristics of rice kernels influence per cent head rice, the impact of the non-uniformity of these characteristics on rice milling quality is largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of non-uniformity of kernel characteristics on the milling quality of rice cultivars with different maturities, and to determine the plant traits that are associated with the non-uniformity of kernel characteristics. Six rice cultivars representing different maturities and grain shapes were used in the experiments. Kernel characteristic data were obtained for grains at the upper, middle and lower parts of a panicle. The range values amongst these panicle parts were used to measure the non-uniformity of the characteristics. There was a trend for a decrease in kernel dimensions, volume and density from the upper to the lower parts of the panicle. This indicated that growth and development of grains were associated with the position of the grains on the panicle. There was also a trend for a decrease in the non-uniformity of kernel characteristics from very early and early maturing cultivars to intermediate and late maturing cultivars. The results also demonstrated that selection of phenotypes that have a low ratio of panicle length to phytomass can improve the uniformity of kernel characteristics, which in turn leads to higher recoverable head rice yield. 相似文献
18.
江苏省中籼水稻品种演进过程中米质的变化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以江苏省近60年来各阶段具有代表性的13个中熟籼稻品种(含杂交稻组合)为材料,依据品种种植年代结合株型特点将其分为早期高秆(ET)、矮秆(DC)、半矮秆常规稻(SDC)、半矮秆杂交稻(SDH)和超级稻(SR) 5个类型,研究了品种演进过程中米质的变化。结果表明,稻米的碾磨品质(糙米率、精米率和整精米率)在同一类品种间有较大差异,在品种演进过程中无明显变化。与早期品种相比,现代品种(半矮秆杂交稻和超级稻)稻米的垩白度显著降低,崩解值变大,消减值变小,稻米中的清蛋白、谷蛋白、赖氨酸、甘氨酸和精氨酸含量显著增加,醇溶蛋白含量显著降低。随着品种演进,产量逐步提高,其原因主要是总颖花量的增加及每穗粒数的显著增多。说明中籼稻品种演进过程中,米质和产量协同提高。 相似文献
19.
Screening of Rice Varieties for Endosperm Storage Proteins 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A total of 118 rice varieties/lines (Oryza sativa L.) from Bangladesh were analyzed for endosperm storage proteins on a single seed basis. The screening was done by observing the profiles of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with standard japonica variety ‘Kinmaze’. Six groups were classified on the basis of the poly-peptide banding patterns. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed to ensure the SDS-PAGE results in selected varieties. The analysis of extracted protein fractions revealed that one variety had low prolamin and one variety had high glutelin content. 相似文献
20.
Summary The genetic control of endosperm modification in 12 opaque-2 maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines was investigated by means of a diallel cross experiment conducted across two environments. Kernel vitreousness and kernel hardness were determined by partially dominant genes. Additive gene action was largely responsible for kernel modification. A favourable general combining ability for kernel vitreousness and kernel hardness was positively correlated with an accumulation of dominant kernel modifying genes. South African sources of endosperm modifiers have been found to be similar to those used in other quality protein maize breeding programmes. Certain inbred lines displayed sufficient genetic potential for use in a quality protein maize hybrid breeding programme. 相似文献