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1.
本研究采用间接竞争酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxins B1,AFB1)残留量。将AFB1与蛋白质载体牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清白蛋白(OVA)偶联制备了AFB1-BSA和AFB1-OVA偶联物,以AFB1-BSA作为免疫原制备特异性抗体,并成功建立了AFB1残留间接竞争ELISA检测方法及检测试剂盒。试剂盒IC50为128.8 ng/L,检测线性范围为50~1800 ng/L,检测限不超过100 ng/kg;食用油、花生和谷物的平均添加回收率大于71.3%,批内、批间变异系数均小于14.2%。因此,本试剂盒具有操作简便、检测快速、灵敏度高等特点,将在植物性食品中AFB1的残留检测中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

2.
建立了高选择性MRM3液质联用技术检测猪肝脏等复杂动物性食品中克仑特罗、莱克多巴胺和沙丁胺醇三种β-受体激动剂残留的新方法。猪肝脏样品经酶解后用乙酸乙酯和叔丁基甲醚萃取,MCX固相萃取柱净化,0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,Phenomenex F5(50×3.0mm,2.6μm)色谱柱进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子源下,采用三级质谱多反应监测模式(MRM3)检测。结果表明：克仑特罗、莱克多巴胺和沙丁胺醇在系列浓度范围内均呈现良好线性关系,相关系数R2均大于0.99,猪肝脏组织中的定量限均为0.5μg/kg。从0.5、2和10μg/kg三个添加浓度检测结果可以看出,三种药物的回收率范围为89.7%~102.1%,批内、批间相对标准偏差均小于20％。该方法稳定性好,选择性强,灵敏度高,定性定量更加准确。  相似文献   

3.
VD3作为调节家禽钙磷代谢、促进钙化的重要物质,在家禽饲料中有着广泛的应用。但因日光照射程度的影响,动物体内的VD3生成量非常有限,难以满足家禽生长过程中的需求。为此本文就不同水平25-OH-D3与VD3组合日粮对肉仔鸡胫骨发育和营养物质代谢情况进行研究,结果发现在相同营养水平条件下添加25-OH-D369 μg/kg、VD31 380 IU/kg时肉仔鸡胫骨发育和营养物质代谢均有程度不同的提高,但是超量添加时受到抑制,由此表明适量25-OH-D3和VD3的添加能有效改善肉仔鸡生长发育状况,为提高生产性能奠定良好的基础。  相似文献   

4.
不同吸附剂对黄曲霉毒素B1吸附效果的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
作者通过体外试验和动物饲养试验,研究3种吸附剂对黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）的吸附效果。3种吸附剂分别是吸附剂A（主成分为酵母培养物提取物）、吸附剂B（主成分为水合铝硅酸盐）、吸附剂C（为复合物,主成分为酵母培养物及水合铝硅酸盐）。体外试验研究pH为2.0、6.0、8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS溶液）、人工胃液和肠液环境下3种吸附剂对AFB1的吸附能力,比较pH 8.0条件下3种吸附剂对AFB1的结合速率。结果表明,各种条件下吸附剂B的吸附能力最强。pH 8.0条件下,吸附剂B在10 min内对AFB1吸附率达到97.69%,且60 min内吸附率一直处在96.03%以上。吸附剂A和吸附剂C对AFB1的作用效果较吸附剂B弱。动物饲养试验选择240只1日龄健康雄性AA肉仔鸡,随机分为8个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复10只鸡,饲养周期21 d。结果表明,与基础组相比较,AFB1组（污染水平为98.8 μg/kg）肉仔鸡生长性能和肝脏功能发生显著变化,吸附剂A、B、C均能不同程度地缓解AFB1对肉仔鸡生长性能和肝脏损伤方面的毒性作用,与吸附剂A、C相比,吸附剂B能更有效的防止肉仔鸡黄曲霉毒素B1中毒。结果提示,使用吸附剂B能很好的降低AFB1对肉仔鸡的危害程度。  相似文献   

5.
 为探讨C3和C4 植物在日粮中的含量对牛肉品质和主要化学成分的影响,本试验选用大豆粕、小麦麸、小麦、棉籽饼、苜蓿干草作为C3植物试验材料,选用黄贮玉米秸、玉米酒精糟、玉米作为C4 植物试验材料,选用36头西门塔尔杂种公牛作为试验动物开展了肥育和屠宰试验。结果表明,日粮中C4 植物含量对肥育牛增重、牛肉的脂肪酸、氨基酸（其中甘氨酸不确定除外）、水分含量以及牛肉的剪切力、蒸煮损失率、滴水损失率、大理石花纹评分和眼肌面积均没有显著的影响。日粮中C3 植物含量对肥育牛增重、牛肉的脂肪酸（其中十七烷酸不确定除外）、氨基酸（其中丝氨酸和苏氨酸不确定除外）、水分含量以及牛肉的剪切力、蒸煮损失率、大理石花纹评分和眼肌面积也均没有显著的影响。  相似文献   

6.
信号分子H2O2 调节抗氧化系统提高高羊茅耐热性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
 采用盆栽试验,利用１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ 的Ｈ２Ｏ２ 对冷季型草坪草高羊茅进行叶面喷施处理,研究外源低浓度Ｈ２Ｏ２对高羊茅叶片中抗氧化系统的调控作用及其对高羊茅抗热性的影响。结果表明,Ｈ２Ｏ２ 可能作为信号分子预先增加抗氧化酶的活性,改变抗氧化剂的浓度,从而减轻随后发生的热胁迫对草坪草造成的氧化伤害;在胁迫过程中ＰＯＤ 和ＣＡＴ 活性在Ｈ２Ｏ２ 预处理后增加不显著,热胁迫本身增加了ＰＯＤ 的活性,但是降低了ＣＡＴ 活性,ＰＯＤ 对于提高高羊茅的耐热性可能具有更重要的作用;外源Ｈ２Ｏ２ 显著影响了高羊茅叶片中的ＡｓＡ－ＧＳＨ 循环,其中处理植株中的ＡＰＸ、ＧＰＸ 和ＧＲ 的活性在热胁迫过程中增加２０％ ～１１０％,ＧＳＨ／ＧＳＳＧ 下降了８０％,与高羊茅抗热性的提高密切相关。可见信号分子Ｈ２Ｏ２ 可以通过调控高羊茅的抗氧化系统提高其抗热性。  相似文献   

7.
建立了适用于检测畜肉及内脏中莫昔克丁残留的高效液相色谱法。样品经乙腈提取,加水混合后,C18固相萃取柱净化,氮气吹干。将N-甲基咪唑-乙腈(1+1,v/v)和三氟乙酸酐-乙腈(1+2,v/v)作为衍生化试剂,65 ℃避光反应15 min进行衍生化。以乙腈+水(90+10,v /v)作为流动相,等度洗脱,荧光法测定。结果显示：莫昔克丁在线性范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数(R2)大于0.999,检测限和定量限分别为2 μg/kg和5 μg/kg。该方法在以上各组织中的回收率范围为60.5 % ～ 110 %,其批间、批内变异系数范围为0.62 % ～ 15.8 %。该方法准确性强、灵敏度高,可满足实验室实际工作需求。  相似文献   

8.
本文旨在研究日粮黄曲霉毒素B1与霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸭生长性能,肝脏中黄曲霉毒素B1沉积和禽流感抗体合格率的影响.选择11日龄健康北麻杂1代肉鸭900只,随机分为9组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只.采用2×3双因子试验设计,以黄曲霉毒素B1和吸附剂为试验因子,黄曲霉毒素B1水平分别为25、50和75μg/kg,吸附剂水平分别为0、750和1500 mg/kg.黄曲霉毒素B1由发霉玉米提供,发霉玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1含量为500μg/kg.试验期为32 d.结果表明:1)随着黄曲霉毒素B1水平提高,肉鸭平均日采食量和平均日增重显著下降(P<0.05),而添加吸附剂对肉鸭平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比无显著影响(P>0.05);2)随着黄曲霉毒素B1水平提高,肝脏绝对重量及黄曲霉毒素B1沉积量显著或极显著提高(P<0.01或P<0.05),添加吸附剂后在一定程度上减轻了毒素对肝脏的危害;3)黄曲霉毒素B1含量高于50 μg/kg时,不利于肉鸭禽流感抗体的产生;高于75μg/kg时,能引起肉鸭黄曲霉毒素中毒死亡,且添加吸附剂不能消除或减缓其不利影响.由此可知,霉菌毒素吸附剂在一定程度上减轻了黄曲霉毒素B1对肉鸭生长性能和肝脏的损害,提高了禽流感抗体合格率.  相似文献   

9.
利用免疫亲和柱荧光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定饲料中黄曲霉毒素。免疫亲和柱—荧光光度法测定饲料中的黄曲霉毒素的测定范围0～50μg/kg;线性相关系数0.99;检测灵敏度1μg/kg;变异系数<18%;回收率82%～120%;分析时间20min,不需要剧毒的黄曲霉毒素标准品。免疫亲和柱-高效液相色谱法测定可以分别定量地检测饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2,在黄曲霉毒素B1为0～50μg/kg测定范围内其线性相关系数0.91;检测灵敏度1μg/kg;变异系数<10%;回收率81%～110%。  相似文献   

10.
建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测牛乳、发酵乳和乳粉3 种基质中4 种四环素类药物残留的检测方法。对前处理方法和仪器上机条件进行研究。以EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲液进行提取,经HLB固相萃取柱净化,甲醇-乙酸乙酯（1∶9,V/V）洗脱,氮吹后复溶,采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式、多反应监测模式进行检测。结果表明：乳粉中四环素、土霉素、金霉素和强力霉素的定量限均为10 μg/kg;液态乳和发酵乳中4 种药物的定量限均为2 μg/kg;四环素类药物添加量为2～100 μg/kg时,回收率为63.1%～1  相似文献   

11.
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of maifanite, which is mainly composed of aluminosilicate, in reducing the adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on hematology, AFB1 residues, and antioxidant enzymes activities in weaning piglets. A total of 32 (9.28±0.17 kg BW) individually housed crossbred piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Large white) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with 8 replicates per treatment. The dietary treatments included 2 AFB1 levels (5.3 and 372.8 μg/kg) and 2 maifanite levels (0% and 1%). No differences in average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio were observed among treatments. Ingestion of the AFB1-contaminated (AF) diets (372.8 μg/kg of AFB1) reduced (P<0.05) the numbers of neutrophil, monocyte, and total leukocyte. There were no effects of AFB1 on gamma glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities, and total protein, albumin, urea N, total bilirubin, IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations in serum. Aflatoxin B1 was found in the liver and kidney of piglets fed the AF diets. Piglets fed the AF diets reduced (P<0.05) the total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities in serum. However, total superoxide dismutase activity in the liver was increased (P<0.05) in piglets fed the AF diets compared with those fed the basal diets (5.3 μg/kg of AFB1). There was an interaction (P=0.003) in erythrocyte, but piglets fed the diets containing maifanite had greater erythrocyte and lymphocyte (P=0.035) numbers than those fed the diets without maifanite. The AFB1 levels in the liver and kidney of piglets fed the AF diet containing maifanite were 29.6% and 41.2% lower, respectively, than those of piglets fed the AF diet alone. Although there was an interaction (P=0.011), piglets fed the diets containing AFB1 and maifanite had greater serum T-SOD activity compared with those fed the diets with no maifanite. In conclusion, the addition of maifanite to the AF diet resulted in partial restoration of hematology and antioxidant enzymes activities and reduced AFB1 levels in the liver and kidney.  相似文献   

12.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a probiotic preparation on the genotoxicity of faecal water of broiler chickens fed with a fodder contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) at 1 or 5 mg per kg. Human blood lymphocytes were exposed to chicken’s faecal water samples and DNA damage was measured using the comet assay. Genotoxicity of faecal water did not depend on the AFB1 concentration in the fodder. The mean DNA damage, measured as the percentage of DNA in the tail of the comets, for chickens fed with fodder with AFB1 at 1 mg/kg was 16.80 ± 0.66, at 5 mg/kg – 16.73 ± 1.51 and in the controls – 12.79 ± 0.66. The supplementation of fodder with the probiotic preparation decreased the extent of DNA damage to 10.02 ± 0.39 for 1 mg/kg AFB1 and to 11.89 ± 0.72 for 5 mg/kg.  相似文献   

13.
The effects of selective α2-agonists (xylazine, detomidine and medetomidine) and antagonists (yohimbine and atipamezole) on in vitro small intestine motility in the horse were evaluated. Samples of equine jejunum were placed in isolated organ baths and drug-induced modifications of motility were measured by means of an isotonic transducer. All tested α2-agonists dose-dependently reduced both spontaneous and electrically-evoked phasic contractions. Conversely, α2-antagonists were ineffective when tested alone, and showed a heterogeneous and dose-independent ability to inhibit agonist activity. In particular, the antagonism exerted by higher concentrations of both yohimbine and atipamezole against α2-agonists was weaker than when lower concentrations were used. The data are indicative of the presence of both pre- and post-synaptic α2-adrenoceptors with inhibitory activity on equine jejunum motility, and support a possible therapeutic utility of these drugs in horse intestinal disorders associated with hypermotility.  相似文献   

14.
A recent approach to the problem of contamination of agricultural products by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is to add non-nutritional adsorbents to animal diets in order to sequester ingested aflatoxins. We conducted in vitro experiments to develop a rapid and cheap model using ruminal fluid to assess the ability of sorbent materials to bind AFB1. Seven sorbents (hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate; clinoptilolite; zeolite; two types of bentonite; sepiolite; and PHIL 75), commonly added to bovine diets were incubated in water and ruminal fluid in the presence of AFB1. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, sepiolite and one of the bentonites bound 100% of the AFB1 in the presence of both ruminal fluid and water; clinoptilolite bound about 80% of AFB1 in both liquids; whereas the affinities for the mycotoxin of zeolite (50%) and the other sample of bentonite (60%) in water seem to be increased by about 40% in ruminal fluid incubations. PHIL 75 had the poorest binding ability: about 30% in water and 45% in ruminal fluid. In view of the differences in toxin binding in water and ruminal fluid, it is preferable to use the ruminal fluid model for the in vitro pre-screening of sorbent materials potentially useful as adjuvants to ruminant feeds.  相似文献   

15.
Only limited and contrasting information is available about the metabolic fate in cattle of fumonisin B1, a mycotoxin produced by moulds of Fusarium. This study was carried out to evaluate the hepatic metabolism of fumonisin B1 by bovine liver microsomes. No biodegradation or metabolization of the mycotoxin by liver microsomes was detectable after incubating fumonisin B1 with bovine microsomes in the presence of a regenerating system for 1 h. No aminopolyol 1, aminopolyol 2 or aminopentol, metabolites of fumonisin B1, were detected in any of the incubated samples. The tolerance of ruminants to fumonisin B1 is apparently not dependent on its detoxification in the rumen.  相似文献   

16.
Feed contamination can lead to nutrient losses and detrimental effects on animal health and production. The purposes of this study were to investigate the mycobiota in equine mixed feeds and to determine natural contamination with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1). Fungal enumeration of equine feed samples was done. A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was applied to quantify AFB1 and FB1. A comparison between ELISA and HPLC was carried out. Feed mould counts ranged from <1× 102 to 1× 105 cfu/g. The most frequent genus isolated was Aspergillus (40.54%), followed by Penicillium (18.38%) and Fusarium (16.22%). The most prevalent Aspergillus sp. was A. flavus (36%). AFB1 values ranged between 0.01 and 99.4 μg/kg. FB1 levels ranged between 0.01 and 7.49 μg/kg. HPLC and ELISA methods showed positive correlation for AFB1 and FB1 determinations (r = 0.9851 and r = 0.9791, respectively). The ELISA analytical method was efficient for AFB1 and FB1 detection. The scarcity of studies on natural fungal contamination and on the presence of AFB1 and FB1 in materials used as equine feed ingredients highlights the value and contribution of this study.  相似文献   

17.
Summary

A newly recognised disease, which we have given the provisional name of familial stomatocytosis‐hypertrophic gastritis (FSHG), is described in two families of dogs of the Drentse patrijshond breed. The affected dogs consisted of 3 females and 5 males, 3 to 19 (mean 9.5) months of age at admission. The main clinical problems were diarrhoea, icterus, and ataxia and paresis of the pelvic limbs. Laboratory evaluation revealed abnormal red cell shape (stomatocytosis), increased osmotic fragility, haemolytic anaemia, and increased liver enzymes and serum bilirubin. Gastroscopic and histopathologic examination of the gastric mucosa revealed hypertrophic gastritis resembling Ménétrier's disease in man. Histologic findings in the liver were suggestive of progressive liver disease. Cysts were found in the kidneys of the five oldest patients. Electroneurography in 2 dogs revealed polyneuropathy. In the parents of 2 patients (sister and brother), there were no clinical or laboratory abnormalities. An autosomal recessive hereditary defect of lipid metabolism is suspected.  相似文献   

18.
牦牛是青藏高原地区重要的生产生活资料,牦牛因拔毛、去势、育肥运输等外科创伤时有发生。破伤风是一种经创伤感染的人畜共患性传染病,因创伤较多而导致牦牛破伤风患病率有所增加。出自“牛马病例汇集”的四虫汤由乌蛇、全蝎、僵蚕、蝉蜕、荆芥、防风、川芎、羌活、独活、知母、当归、桔梗、薄荷、天麻、钩藤、南星和细辛组成,能祛除经络肌肉之风邪,搜风活络解痉,对破伤风有效。笔者运用四虫汤治疗牦牛破伤风,配合对症治疗,收治破伤风患牛22例,治愈21例,效果较好。  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

Aim: To estimate the frequency of infection with equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1) among horses from the central North Island of New Zealand, including the frequency of detection of the D752 genotype.

Methods: Samples of retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLN) and submandibular lymph nodes (SLN) were dissected from the heads of 63 horses that were humanely killed for various unrelated reasons between March and November 2015. DNA extracted from these tissues was subjected to enrichment for EHV-1 sequences by hybridisation with biotin-labelled EHV-1 specific probe, followed by recovery of EHV-1 sequences on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. Enriched samples were tested for the presence of EHV-1 using nested quantitative real-time PCR. The EHV-1 amplicons were sequenced to determine the genotype of the virus.

Results: The median age of the horses was 6 (min 2, max 30) years, and 47/63 (75%) were Thoroughbreds. EHV-1 DNA was detected in RLN samples from 6/63 (10%) horses, and three of these horses were also positive for EHV-1 DNA in SLN. The remaining horses were negative for EHV-1 DNA in both RLN and SLN samples. The N752 genotype was detected in all positive samples and the D752 genotype was not detected in any of the samples.

Conclusions: EHV-1 continues to circulate among horses in New Zealand. The frequency of latent EHV-1 infection among sampled horses may have been underestimated due to the sensitivity limit of the assay or because of the limited anatomical sites sampled in the study. Lack of detection of the D752 genotype suggests that infection with this genotype is not common in horses in New Zealand.

Clinical Relevance: If live animals are tested for EHV-1 using SLN biopsy it should be kept in mind that negative results do not rule out the presence of latent EHV-1 infection at other sites inaccessible for testing. The RLN appear to be the preferred sample for detection of EHV-1 DNA in horses following recent euthanasia.  相似文献   

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