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为研究适合东北黑土区玉米大豆间作行比,促进玉米大豆间作模式推广应用,本研究以玉米大豆间作系统为主要研究对象,设置玉米单作(M)、大豆单作(S)、玉米大豆行比2∶4间作(M2S4)、玉米大豆行比4∶4间作(M4S4)和玉米大豆行比4∶6间作(M4S6)处理,分析不同间作行比对大豆株高及干物质积累、光合特性相关指标、产量及经济产值分析的影响。结果表明：间作显著增加了大豆株高,降低了干物质量,同时,随着玉米条带数的降低及大豆条带数的增加,光合参数Gs和Tr与单作处理之间呈显著性差异,而Ci则呈现相反的变化趋势。4∶4间作行比(M4S4)处理具有较好的间作优势,土地当量比为1.26,在考虑了政府补贴后,间作复合经济产值显著高于各单作处理,其中,M4S4处理最具有增收潜力。综上,M4S4模式为东北黑土区最佳玉米大豆间作配置方式。 相似文献
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花生、玉米不同间作方式对花生生理性状以及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究不同间作方式对花生生长发育以及产量的影响,研究提高花生、玉米间作综合单产的最优间作模式。设置了花生和玉米4:1间作模式(覆膜:DJ_1FM;露地:DJ_1)、花生和玉米4:2间作模式(覆膜:DJ_2FM;露地:DJ_2)、花生和玉米5:3间作模式(覆膜:DJ_3FM;露地:DJ_3)、花生单作处理(覆膜:DDHF;露地:DDH)和玉米单作处理(DDY)共9个处理。研究结果表明:覆膜有利于花生叶片净光合速率的提高,而从结荚期开始花生、玉米间作的覆膜和露地处理均显著降低了花生的净光合速率,各处理之间光合速率大小表现为DDHFDDHDJ_1FMDJ_1DJ_2FMDJ_2DJ_3FMDJ_3;花针期花生、玉米5:3模式覆膜和露地处理的叶绿素含量显著低于其他处理;花生、玉米间作对花生叶片叶绿素含量的影响与玉米所占比例成反比。花生、玉米5:3间作模式覆膜和露地处理的硝酸还原酶活性、根系活力在各个时期均低于其他各个处理,差异显著;各间作模式下花生都出现了产量显著下降的情况;花生、玉米4:2间作模式的玉米产量较单作玉米下降了24.9%,下降不显著。按照当年山东省粮食收购价格计算花生和玉米的收益花生、玉米4:2间作模式的覆膜处理经济效益明显高于其他间作处理。认为4:2间作模式覆膜处理为花生、玉米的最佳间作模式。 相似文献
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间作条件下玉米与马铃薯的养分利用特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用田间小区试验,通过2行玉米间作2行马铃薯、4行玉米间作4行马铃薯及相应单作试验,在玉米拔节期和大喇叭口期比较植株氮磷钾浓度和养分吸收量,研究玉米间作马铃薯中养分吸收和肥料利用效率的变化。结果表明,玉米大喇叭口期,间作玉米植株氮钾浓度显著低于单作(F_氮=6.608,P_氮=0.015;F_钾=5.148,P_钾=0.028),且根、茎、叶中氮磷钾浓度都低于单作处理,部分差异达到了显著水平,根对氮和磷的利用贡献大一些,茎对钾的利用贡献大。间作玉米的养分吸收量没有优势,但间作玉米单株产量极显著高于单作,产量与玉米大喇叭口期植株氮钾浓度极显著和显著负相关,表明提高玉米氮钾利用效率可促进增产。 相似文献
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于2016-2017年以花育25号为材料,在花生单作和间作条件下,设置施钙和不施钙处理,研究钙肥对单作花生、间作中间行和间作边行花生的植株性状、功能叶生育后期光合特性、糖代谢酶活性及产量的影响。结果表明,施用钙肥降低了花生主茎高和侧枝长,增加了花生分枝数、主茎节数,提高了叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、蔗糖含量及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性;单作和间作花生荚果产量平均增产397.2 kg/hm^2,平均增产率19.9%。相同施钙水平下,越靠近玉米行的间作边行花生受遮荫影响越大,其主茎高、侧枝长较大,蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性等生理指标低于单作花生。与单作不施钙比较,施钙显著增加了间作花生叶绿素含量,使其光合特性、蔗糖含量、SS、SPS酶活性无显著降低,降低了间作花生的减产幅度。本试验条件下,每公顷施用钙肥300kg可部分缓解间作遮荫对花生的不利影响。 相似文献
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玉米‖花生间作系统作物产量及根系空间分布特征的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
在农业部阜新农业环境与保育科学观测试验站分别设置2行玉米:4行花生间作(2M4P)、4行玉米:4行花生间作(4M4P)和玉米单作、花生单作4个种植模式,开展不同种植模式对作物产量及产量构成因素、生物量和根系特征的影响研究。结果表明,2个间作模式的土地当量比(LER)为1.16~1.24,具有一定的产量优势和较高的土地利用效率。间作中的玉米干物质积累量与单作接近,间作花生干物质积累量较单作明显下降。对根系研究发现,间作减少作物的细根生长,2M4P、4M4P处理的比根长(SRL)较单作玉米和花生分别下降了25%、23%和18%、12%,复合系统作物根表面积密度(RSAD)在0~40 cm土层中能够占到总土层的80%以上,间作作物的RSAD显著高于单作,表明作物根系在表层分布较为密集,间作影响了作物的根系生长与分布。 相似文献
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不同类型玉米杂交种高矮立体间作种植技术研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
2001～2003年连续对8个不同类型的玉米杂交种进行了高矮立体间作种植比较试验,结果表明:(1)适合密植的紧凑株型杂交种和稀植大穗型杂交种高、矮间作种植均比单作种植产量显著提高,F值分别为5.10,6.31,5.19,4.86;株高、穗位高比单作稍有降低;抽雄、散粉、吐丝和成熟期均比单作提早;出籽率、百粒重均比单作高.(2)高、矮每隔2行、4行或每隔6行间作产量间无显著差异.(3)玉米杂交种高、矮间作种植的增产原因是有效地协调了群体与个体之间光合性状间彼此致约的矛盾,提高了光合作用效率. 相似文献
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为探索玉米//花生间作种植模式对玉米和花生病害发生情况的影响,2015-2016年对玉米、花生单作田和间作田进行了病害调查,并对其气象因子和土壤酶活性进行了测定与分析。结果表明:间作模式下玉米和花生病害的发生率都有所降低,玉米病害发病率降低程度尤为显著,其中对玉米茎腐病影响最大,发病降低率可达42.53%。本文对间作田和单作田的多项气象因子进行了测定,结果表明:同单作相比,玉米间作田光照度平均提高了5784.67lx,环境和土壤相对湿度分别平均降低了9.15%和8.23%,花生间作田光照度平均降低了16053.77lx,环境和土壤温度、相对湿度差别不显著。通过土壤中酶活性测定,发现间作模式在一定程度上提高了与抗性正相关的碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性。 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2001,71(1):17-29
Intercropping may be helpful to solve future food problem in developing countries. The aim of this study was to compare production efficiency in intercropping with sole cropping in terms of radiant energy use. For analysing crop radiation capture and utilisation, three indices are often used: the fraction of radiation intercepted (F), radiation use efficiency (RUE) and harvest index (HI). Using those indices, maize–bean intercropping was evaluated and compared with maize and bean sole cropping systems. The findings were as follows: the intercrop F was higher than the sole crop F, the sole maize RUE was higher than the others, and there was no difference in HI among cropping systems. From those results, the intercropping may be equivalent to maize sole cropping in the overall efficiency of radiation interception and use. Therefore, when it is considered that both maize and beans would be planted in a given area of land, intercropping has more efficient radiation harvests than sole cropping. No effect of row orientation was found on F, RUE and HI. 相似文献
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种植密度和施氮量对鲜食糯玉米叶片光合生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
不同密度和施氮量下,鲜食糯玉米植株单株可见绿叶数和展开绿叶数、单株叶面积、叶面积指数、光合势、功能叶的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a b、功能叶净光合速率等变化均呈单峰曲线。这些生理指标均随施氮量的增加而增加;除叶面积指数及光合势随密度增加而增加外,其余指标均随密度的增加而下降。 相似文献
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H. Knörzer H. GrözingerS. Graeff-Hönninger K. HartungH.-P. Piepho W. Claupein 《Field Crops Research》2011,121(2):274-285
Wheat/maize related multi-cropping systems are the dominant cropping systems in North China. To improve and adjust those systems, and to study competition effects within intercropping, extended field experiments are necessary. As field experiments are time consuming, laborious and expensive, a viable alternative is the use of crop growth models that can quantify the effects of management practices on crop growth and productivity. Field experiments showed that intercropped maize yielded as high as monocropped maize, and grain yield of intercropped wheat increased by up to 32%. Based on a process-oriented modeling approach, this study focuses on analyzing and modeling competitive relationships in a wheat/maize relay intercropping system with regard to yield, solar radiation and microclimate effects. A simple shading algorithm was applied and integrated into the CERES models, which are part of the DSSAT software shell vs. 4.5. The algorithm developed estimates the proportion of shading as affected by neighbouring plant height. The model was tested to investigate the applicability of this shading algorithm within the CERES models in the simulation of grain yield and dry matter yield of wheat and maize. Model error of grain and dry matter yield for both species was below 10%. There was a tendency for grain yield to be simulated adequately but for dry matter yield to be slightly underestimated. Increased top soil temperature in intercropped wheat increased the mineralization of nitrogen and improved N supply. The wheat/maize system was N efficient. Thus, N dynamics were taken into account for simulation as well as CO2 dynamics based upon modified wind speed. Wheat border rows were exposed to a higher wind speed until mid-June and to reduced wind speed thereafter. As a result, solar radiation, soil temperature and wind speed differed between monocropping and intercropping and could provide a starting point for simulating intercropping. Microclimate effects are often small, subtle or non-existent, while spatial and climate variability and the heterogeneity of plant populations can be considerable. Quantifying microclimatic effects may prove difficult but should not be neglected when simulating intercropping systems. 相似文献
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玉米行距对大豆/玉米间作作物生长及种间竞争力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明大豆玉米间作系统中玉米种植行距对间作作物生长及种间资源竞争的影响。在固定带宽的大豆/玉米间作系统中,设置10,20,45,60和70 cm 5个间作玉米种植行距,分析间作系统的间作优势、作物生长情况以及大豆相对于玉米的资源竞争力变化。结果表明:随间作玉米行距增加,间作优势增加,70 cm行距间作优势最大,达4 271.4 kg·hm-2。Logistic生长拟合曲线表明:随玉米行距增加,大豆生物累积量减小,达到最大日生长速率峰值的天数缩短,玉米生物累积量最大值出现在D45处理下,达43 471.1 kg·hm-2,D45处理达到最大日生长速率峰值的天数最长,达130 d,且生长后期日生长速率持续高于其它处理;共生期内,伴随作物生长,大豆相对于玉米的资源竞争力Asm逐渐降低,共生后期,表现为随间作玉米种植行距增加,大豆相对于玉米的竞争力Asm逐渐减小。综合分析表明:河西灌区大豆/玉米间作系统中,玉米是强竞争力作物,玉米种植行距为45 cm,有利于大豆和玉米的生长及产量形成,大豆和玉米种间竞争力较弱,可作为河西灌区大豆/玉米间作系统中间作玉米的最佳行距配置。 相似文献
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Water use and yield of wheat/maize intercropping under alternate irrigation in the oasis field of northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of alternate irrigation (AI) on the yield, water use and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping system in an oasis region of northwest China in 2006-2008. Three planting patterns, i.e., sole wheat, sole maize and wheat/maize intercropping. Three irrigation levels were applied for each treatment during 3 years. Results showed that land use efficiency of wheat and maize was significantly enhanced by intercropping system; land equivalent ratio (LER) of wheat/maize intercropping system in different treatments was all greater than 1.0. Moreover, significant difference in grain yield was observed between intercropping treatment and sole cropping treatment, in which the yield of intercropped wheat was 55.37-74.88% of sole wheat, and intercropped maize was 66.63-78.87% of sole maize. Wheat/maize intercropping treatments increased water use by 1.8-16.4% than half of the total water use of sole-cropping wheat and maize. Compared to sole cropping wheat treatments, wheat/maize intercropping with alternate irrigation significantly improved water use efficiency (WUE) by 30.5-57.7%, 55.5-71.4% and 12.0-19.8%, and increased by 32.7-37.8%, 9.5-15.8% and 4.0-20.8% than sole cropping maize treatments in 2006-2008, respectively. Our results suggest that AI should be a useful water-saving irrigation method on wheat/maize intercropping in arid oasis field where intercropping planting is decreased because of limited water resource. 相似文献