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SLC24A5基因影响脊椎动物色素沉积的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
黑色素广泛分布于细菌、真菌、植物和动物体内并扮演了重要的作用。人类浅色皮肤的色素沉积是由于黑色素细胞内黑色素小体数量、大小和密度的减少造成的,而黑色素小体变化也导致斑马鱼由灰色突变为金色,这个金色突变位点编码一个推定的阳离子交换体SLC24A5基因,该基因位于黑色素小体或其前体的细胞膜上。人类和斑马鱼在这个基因的序列及功能上有很高的同源性。该基因的多态性主要出现在非洲和东亚人身上。而等位基因固定在欧洲人的身上,这与局部杂和性大量减少和较浅的皮肤色素沉积有关,表明SLC24A5基因在人类色素沉积方面起关键作用。作者总结了SLC24A5基因与黑色素的研究进展,并简要介绍了乌骨绵羊的发现及其分子特征。 相似文献
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蜂蜜中羟甲基糠醛(HMF)的含量是评价蜂蜜及其制品的重要指标.本文简要介绍了热加工和贮藏对蜂蜜中HMF含量的影响以及蜂蜜中HMF的脱除方法. 相似文献
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Reasons for performing study: The flexion test is routinely used in lameness and prepurchase examinations. There is no accepted standard for duration of flexion or evidence that interpretation of results would differ with different durations of flexion. Hypothesis: There will be no difference in interpretation of proximal hindlimb flexion for 5 or 60 s. Methods: Video recordings of lameness examinations of 34 client‐owned horses were performed that included: baseline lameness, proximal hindlimb flexion for 60 s, and flexion of the same limb for 5 s. Videos were edited to blind reviewers to the hypothesis being tested. The baseline lameness video from each horse was paired with each flexion to make 2 pairs of videos for each case. Twenty video pairs were repeated to assess intraobserver repeatability. Fifteen experienced equine clinicians were asked to review the baseline lameness video followed by the flexion test and grade the response to flexion as either positive or negative. Potential associations between the duration of flexion and the likelihood of a positive flexion test were evaluated using generalised linear mixed models. A kappa value was calculated to assess the degree of intraobserver agreement on the repeated videos. Significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: Proximal hindlimb flexion of 60 s was more likely to be called positive than flexion of 5 s (P<0.0001), with the likelihood of the same interpretation 74% of the time. The first flexion performed was more likely to be called positive than subsequent flexions (P = 0.029). Intra‐assessor agreement averaged 75% with κ= 0.49. Conclusions: Proximal hindlimb flexion of a limb for 5 s does not yield the same result as flexing a limb for 60 s. Potential relevance: Shorter durations of flexion may be useful for clinicians that have good agreement with flexions of 5 and 60 s. 相似文献
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1978年于西安市第二奶牛场,解剖36例患出血性胃肠炎与胃溃疡的病例中,发现5例皱胃毛霉菌病的典型病灶。这些病例中还伴有念珠菌感染与曲霉菌毒素中毒。病牛主要呈现顽固性、黑色粘液性腹泻,10余天后死亡。也有表现分娩衰弱,急性坏死性子宫内膜炎和化脓坏死性乳房炎等变化。患皱胃毛霉菌病的乳牛,显示三种类型的病理变化。即急性早期阶段,坏死病变以循环障碍为主;亚急性中期阶段,呈凝固性坏死与梗塞;慢性晚期阶段,病理变化与肉芽肿类似。乳牛毛霉菌病的病原为微小根毛霉、伞枝犁头霉和足样根霉。三种菌各以1～3千万个孢囊孢子耳静脉注射家兔,腹腔注射豚鼠。结果三种菌致家兔于1～4日内死亡,豚鼠于3～7日内死亡。作者认为,毛霉菌病的致病真菌在饲料及乳牛体严重侵染,是本病的直接病因,而过多饲喂精饲料造成瘤胃酸中毒和长期使用抗生素药物,是该场乳牛皱胃毛霉病的诱发因素。 相似文献
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NR5A2属于是核受体超家族,是有配体激活的转录因子,它还属于NR5A亚家族,是一孤儿受体,也是肝受体同系物。一方面,在动物的肝脏、胰腺、肠及卵巢等脏器中NR5A2得到表达,尤其是在卵巢中为高表达;另一方面,NR5A2在动物胚胎发育及分化、体细胞编程、胆固醇或胆汁酸代谢、类固醇激素生成和生殖活动等方面发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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Katy Bradford Jim Meinkoth Kelci McKeirnen Brenda Love 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2013,42(2):227-233
Candida peritonitis is reported in people and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality compared with sterile or bacterial peritonitis. Recognized predisposing risk factors include peritoneal dialysis, hollow viscous organ perforation, abdominal surgery, inflamed intestinal mucosa, antimicrobial administration, and immunosuppression. In this report, we describe 5 cases of dogs with peritonitis complicated by Candida spp; 3 dogs with C albicans, one dog with C albicans and C glabrata, and one dog with C glabrata only. The 3 dogs with C albicans peritonitis presented with duodenal perforation due to NSAID therapy, intestinal resection and anastomosis following postspay‐surgery dehiscence, and intestinal foreign body removal. The 2 dogs with C glabrata peritonitis had undergone cholecystectomy due to gall bladder rupture and dehiscence of intestinal biopsy removal sites following exploratory laparatomy. In all cases, initial diagnosis of fungal peritonitis was made via cytologic examination of peritoneal effusions, which revealed marked pyogranulomatous inflammation with numerous 3–8 μm oval, deeply basophilic yeast organisms with thin clear capsules noted within phagocytes and extracellularly. In addition, germ tube formation, hyphae, and pseudohyphae were rarely seen in some of the cases with pure C albicans. Identity of the organisms was determined by culture in all cases and confirmed by PCR in 3 cases. Candida spp. are commensals normally inhabiting the alimentary, the upper respiratory, and the lower urogenital tracts of mammals. They are opportunistic pathogens that can invade and colonize tissue when a patient is immune‐compromised or there is disruption of the mucosal barrier. Candida peritonitis should be considered in patients with peritoneal contamination with gastrointestinal or biliary contents. 相似文献
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以两个不同基因型的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)感染性克隆为平台进行反向遗传操作,利用SOE-PCR将I型PRRSV的ORF2～5a替换进II型PRRSV的相应区域,旨在将I型PRRSV的5a从ORF5中独立出来进而研究5a蛋白的功能,同时探讨两型PRRSV的结构蛋白结构与功能关系。研究结果表明,I型PRRSV的ORF2～5a序列能稳定存在于嵌合病毒基因组内,表达的相应蛋白能在II型PRRSV中发挥同样功能。本研究首次将PRRSV的ORF5a序列从ORF5中独立出来,为进一步研究5a蛋白的结构与功能提供了理论依据和基础材料。 相似文献
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Noah D. Cohen G. Kent Carter Robert H. Mealey Tex S. Taylor 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1995,9(4):272-276
Right dorsal colitis in horses has been associated with administration of phenylbutazone. Although reports of right dorsal colitis in this species have described surgical treatment associated with a poor prognosis, we have had success treating this condition medically. This report describes 5 horses with right dorsal colitis confirmed during celiotomy that were initially managed medically. All horses had a history of intermittent abdominal pain; weight loss was noted in only 1 horse. The doses (2.0 to 4.6 mg/kg PO bid) and duration (5 to 30 days) of administration of phenylbutazone were not unusually high relative to those recommended (4.4 mg/kg PO bid). Hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were observed in all horses at the time of admission; packed cell volume was low in 4 horses, and hypocalcemia was also observed in 4 horses. Three of 5 horses (60%) appeared to respond to dietary management and discontinuation of administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Dietary management consisted of feeding pelleted feed, and restricting or eliminating roughage for a period of at least 3 months. Two horses developed strictures of the right dorsal colon. One horse that developed a colonic stricture, possibly because its owners did not comply with recommendations for management, was subsequently treated surgically. The remaining horse that developed a stricture of the right dorsal colon was euthanized. These data indicate that some horses with right dorsal colitis can be successfully managed with medical treatment. 相似文献