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高钙日粮对蛋锰及子代出壳雏体内锰含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在蛋用鸡基础日粮中添加不同水平的钙，研究了高钙日粮对其蛋锰及子代出壳雏血锰和多数组织锰含量的影响。结果表明，随日粮钙水平提高，蛋锰及子代出壳雏血锰含量和多数组织锰含量影响降低（Ｐ＜０．０１或０．０５），但胚胎及出壳雏鸡未见畸变 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2021,(19)
试验旨在研究日粮钙水平及额外添加有机锌、锰对蛋鸡延养期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。试验选取144只107周龄大午金凤蛋鸡,采用2×2双因子设计随机分为4组,分别为基础日粮组(N,日粮钙水平3.5%,不额外添加有机锌、锰);高钙组(h C,日粮钙水平5.0%,不额外添加有机锌、锰);高锌锰组(h ZM,日粮钙水平3.5%,额外添加有机锌40 mg/kg+有机锰30 mg/kg);高钙锌锰组(h CZM,日粮钙水平5.0%,额外添加有机锌40 mg/kg+有机锰30 mg/kg)。每个处理6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。试验期6周。结果表明:与3.5%的钙水平相比,5.0%的钙水平能够显著提高延养期蛋鸡日产蛋率、平均日产蛋重及蛋壳强度(P0.05),料蛋比和蛋黄占比均显著降低(P0.05),且有提高蛋黄颜色和蛋形指数、降低哈夫单位的趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。额外添加有机锌、锰,有降低破损蛋率和蛋黄颜色的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),对其他产蛋性能及蛋品质均无显著影响(P0.05)。钙和有机锌、锰无交互作用(P0.05)。当日粮钙水平为5.0%时,可以显著提高延养期蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质;额外添加有机锌、锰对延养期蛋鸡有降低破损蛋率、蛋黄颜色趋势。二者无交互作用。 相似文献
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一发病原因饲料中维生素A或胡萝卜素不足是该病的原发性病因。30日龄以内雏鸭发生缺乏症是由于产蛋种母鸭日粮中缺乏维生素A所致。当产蛋种母鸭日粮中缺乏维生素A时,雏鸭出壳后7～14日龄便开始出现症状。若产蛋种母鸭 相似文献
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刘晓娟 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2011,(12)
鸡在产蛋过程中往往会发生一些异常现象,文章重点分析了软壳蛋及产蛋率异常的原因,并提出了相关的防治方法.1软壳蛋1.1 日粮中钙含量不足钙对形成蛋壳极为重要,饲喂低钙日粮(1.5％～2％ )2d内蛋壳质量就要下降,所以产蛋鸡日粮中应适当增加钙含量,当产蛋率大于80％时,鸡日粮中的含钙量为3.5％左右;产蛋率为60％ ～ 80％时需钙量为3％,过多过少都影响蛋壳质量.添加方法及时间:当鸡群中见"第一枚蛋"时或开产前2周(约18周龄),为照顾已开产母鸡,在饲粮中加一些贝壳粉,让开产鸡自由采食直至鸡群产蛋率达5％时再改换为产蛋饲粮. 相似文献
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日粮钙、锌水平对蛋鸡肝脏和肾脏金属硫蛋白含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究由两个实验组成,分别观察了不同钙、锌日粮水平下,肝脏和肾脏细胞浆内金属硫蛋白(MT)含量的动态变化.实验1,在含锌30.2～30.8ppm的大豆—玉米型基础日粮中,分别添加0.72%、3.0%和6.0%的钙,其中3%钙组在实验第220d后,在日粮中添加40ppm锌,继续饲喂9d.实验2,在基础日粮中分别添加1000ppm、2OO0ppm、4O00ppm和4000ppm锌,饲喂13d,其后,第4组(日粮中添加4000ppm锌组)改喂基础日粮.结果如下:实验1,各组肝脏和肾脏锌含量均显著低于实验前的水平,其中6%钙组尤为明显;各组肝、肾细胞浆中MT含量均<0.6ppm,且与其组织锌含量呈正相关;3%钙组添加40ppm锌后,肝、肾锌及MT含量迅速增加,明显高于添加前的水平.由此表明,高钙日粮干扰了肝、肾锌的代谢和MT的合成.实验2,肝、肾锌及MT含量与锌的添加水平及接触锌的时间长短有关,锌含量与MT的变动呈正相关,且MT的增高幅度显著大于锌;切断外加锌源后,肝、肾锌及其MT含量迅速减少,其衰减期分别为9(5～10)和6(5～7)d;MT含量的变动与其他含锌蛋白亦有一定关联.实验2表明,肝脏是合成及贮存NT的主要器官,其效能强于肾脏,MT含量能准确反映体内锌状态. 相似文献
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在蛋鸡生产中,人们主要关注其产蛋后期的蛋壳质量比较差,易碎.影响蛋鸡产蛋后期蛋壳质量的主要因素是蛋鸡的年龄和日粮中的钙.NRC(1994)估测蛋鸡钙的营养需要为每天每100g摄入的日粮中含有32.5 g/kg.然而,许多专家通过试验证实,当66～78周龄蛋鸡日粮中钙的含量由24～25 g/kg提高到36～40 g/kg时可以将产蛋率从79%提高到86%,蛋壳重量可以由5.64 g提高到6.12g,壳重/壳表面积由712提高到77.4mg/cm2.日粮中钙的含量提高至48～50 g/kg并不能进一步提高产蛋率,但是可以改善蛋壳重量和蛋壳厚度.58～73周龄伊莎蛋鸡日粮中添加40 g/kg钙就可以保证其产蛋性能和蛋壳质量. 相似文献
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饲粮锌水平对笼养蛋雏鸭生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮锌水平对笼养蛋雏鸭生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官发育的影响.试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选择健康1日龄金定蛋雏鸭180只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸭.对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(Ⅱ～Ⅴ组)分别饲喂在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加20、40、60、80 mg/kg锌(ZnSO4·7H2O)的试验饲粮.试验期4周.结果表明:1)Ⅲ、Ⅳ组蛋雏鸭的料重比和Ⅲ组的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),雏鸭平均日增重、料重比随饲粮锌水平的增加呈明显的二次曲线变化,以此为指标估测的锌适宜添加水平分别是50.4和54.7 mg/kg;2)Ⅲ组血清和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶( CuZn-SOD)活性、肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量、肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05),估测的锌适宜添加水平分别是44.6、47.8、55.7、43.4、54.2 mg/kg,而血清MDA含量、血清GSH-Px活性和肝脏CuZn-SOD活性与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);3)Ⅲ组胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).由此可见,蛋雏鸭采食玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(含锌33.3 mg/kg)时,锌的适宜添加水平为55.7 mg/kg. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究槲皮素对蛋鸡蛋壳品质的影响。选择体重和产蛋率相近的240只29周龄蛋鸡,随机分4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.02%、0.04%、0.06%槲皮素。结果表明:①与对照组相比,产蛋高峰期试验2组的蛋壳相对重极显著提高(P<0.01);在产蛋后期各试验组的蛋壳厚度均显著提高(P<0.05),试验2、3组的蛋壳相对重分别提高0.27%(P<0.05)和0.48%(P<0.01),试验1、2组的鸡蛋破软壳率极显著降低(P<0.01)。②产蛋高峰期各试验组的蛋壳钙含量均显著升高(P<0.05);产蛋后期试验2、3组的蛋壳钙含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验3组蛋壳磷含量显著降低(P<0.05)。③产蛋高峰期和后期各试验组的血清钙含量均极显著提高(P<0.01);在产蛋高峰期试验2组的血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量极显著提高(P<0.01);在产蛋后期试验1组的血清ALP含量极显著降低(P<0.01),试验2、3组的血清羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,0.04%槲皮素可有效改善产蛋后期蛋壳品质。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨木醋液对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。将192只219日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分成A、B、C、D 4组,分别饲喂添加0%、0.5%、0.75%、1.0%木醋液的饲料,日饲喂量为124 g。每组设3次重复,每重复16只,试验期80 d。结果表明,添加0.5%、0.75%木醋液处理组产蛋量、产蛋率、蛋白质及钙含量比对照组均有不同程度的提高,且胆固醇含量明显降低。添加1.0%木醋液处理组产蛋量、产蛋率比对照组有所下降。试验结果证实,蛋鸡饲料中添加适量木醋液具有提高蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的作用。 相似文献
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S. BOLLENGIER-LEE M. A. MITCHELL D. B. UTOMO P. E. V. WILLIAMS C. C. WHITEHEAD 《British poultry science》1998,39(1):106-112
1. The effects of different dietary concentrations of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol acetate) were investigated in 2 experiments on laying hens exposed to chronic heat stress at 32C. 2. In the first experiment, egg production and plasma concentrations of calcium and egg yolk precursors were measured in 24 hens before, during and after a stress period of one week and fed on diets containing 10 or 500 mg vitamin E/kg. 3. In the second, larger experiment, egg production and food intake were measured in 300 hens housed in 2 temperature-controlled rooms and fed on diets containing 10, 125 or 500 mg vitamin E/kg. Birds in room 1 were stressed from 24 to 28 weeks of age and those in room 2 from 32 to 36 weeks. 4. In experiment 1, egg production and egg weight were significantly higher (72.6 vs 51.2%, P < 0.05 and 66.6 vs 63.1 g, P < 0.005 respectively) during and after the period of stress in the group given 500 mg vitamin E/kg. Plasma concentrations of calcium, vitellogenin (zinc) and VLDL (triglyceride) were also higher in this group. 5. In experiment 2, egg production was significantly higher (65.4 vs 56.2%, P < 0.05) during and after the period of heat stress in birds in room 1 fed on the diet containing 500 mg vitamin E/kg. Egg production was also higher (49.9% vs 44.7%) on this treatment during the stress period in room 2, though the difference was not significant (P < 0.10). Egg weight and food intake were unaffected by treatment in either room. 6. It is concluded that dietary supplementation with extra vitamin E can, at least in part, alleviate the adverse effects of chronic heat stress in laying hens, perhaps by maintaining the supply of egg precursors in plasma. 相似文献
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为掌握禽偏肺病毒(aMPV)在安徽省鸡群中的感染状况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对安徽省合肥、亳州、定远、舒城等地区的9个鸡场、7个不同品种(系)鸡群的296份血液样本进行了aMPV血清抗体检测。结果表明,所有被检鸡场均有aMPV感染,鸡场阳性率最高达100%,最低为20%;各品种(系)鸡均有感染,感染率最高的是青脚麻肉鸡,其次分别为科宝肉鸡、海兰蛋鸡、禽粤黄蛋鸡、淮南麻黄鸡、黄羽土鸡和新广麻肉鸡;其中蛋用型鸡血清样本总体阳性率为88.7%,明显高于肉用和兼用型鸡;公鸡和母鸡血清抗体阳性率均较高。研究结果表明,安徽省鸡群aMPV的感染已广泛存在,且不同地区、品种(系)、用途和性别的鸡群均较严重,应根据感染状况尽早制定相应的防控对策。 相似文献
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本文研究了散养条件下,产蛋期不同饲粮钙水平对北京油鸡产蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响.选取300只体重无显著差异的19周龄北京油鸡蛋鸡,随机分为3组(组1～3),每组100只,均饲以玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮.每阶段均采取单因素设计,预产期(19～21周)饲粮钙水平分别为2.0％、1.8％和1.9％,产蛋前期(22～43周)和产蛋后期(44～65周)钙水平分别为3.0％、2.5％和2.75％.测定每阶段内各组平均采食量、产蛋率、料蛋比、死淘率,以及产蛋中期、后期的鸡蛋品质.结果表明:散养条件下,预产期北京油鸡饲粮中钙水平为2.0％时,产蛋率显著高于其它两组(P＜0.05);产蛋前期,饲粮中钙水平为2.75％时能够满足鸡只生产性能和鸡蛋品质需要,而饲粮中钙水平为3.0％时才能满足产蛋后期生产性能和鸡蛋品质需要. 相似文献
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The time-course of the changes in blood ionized calcium, and in plasma 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) concentrations and its free index were studied in hens following suppression and resumption of shell formation and throughout the laying cycle in hens laying hard-shelled eggs, in hens fed a low or normal calcium diet and in hens laying shell-less eggs. The respective roles of the calcium needs for shell formation and of the reproductive status in regulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 production were analysed. Plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased 3 hr after suppression of shell formation following premature egg expulsion and remained lower than that of hens laying hard-shelled eggs when premature expulsion of the eggs was continued for several days. Circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 tended to increase progressively when shell formation was resumed. Ablation of the parathyroid glands abolished this increase. In hens laying hard-shelled eggs, the plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 was higher during the period of shell secretion. Feeding hens a low calcium diet (1.2%) caused a marked increase in the plasma 1,25(OH)2D3. Ionized calcium levels tended to show reciprocal changes to plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 decreasing when calcification took place and increasing after its suppression. In hypercalcemic hens laying shell-less eggs and fed a 3.5% Ca diet, the plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 was at a high level 4 hr after ovulation and diminished thereafter. This additive stimulation does not, therefore, involve the parathyroid gland and may involve hormonal changes induced by ovulation. Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) in the plasma was at a high level in mature hens and was not affected by shell formation. Consequently, the free 1,25(OH)2D3 index fluctuated in parallel with total level of this hormone in mature hens. It is concluded that the calcium demand for shell formation modulates, in the short term, plasma 1,25(OH)2D3, via the homeostatic regulation of blood calcium by PTH, but that a large part of its increase is independent of PTH and is associated with the endocrine events concomitant with ovulation. 相似文献
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The effect of calcium stress was studied in an attempt to reproduce lethal infections in laying chickens with A/Chicken/Alabama/75 (H4N8) influenza virus and with two nonpathogenic H5N2 influenza viruses from the 1983-84 outbreak in the eastern United States. Hens were fed calcium-deficient or standard diets for 7 to 14 days; then the calcium-deficient feed was replaced with standard feed supplemented with ad libitum oyster shell, and both groups of hens were inoculated with virus. When hens were infected with the H4N8 virus, respective mortalities of those on the calcium-deficient and standard diets were 19% (27/141) and 5% (7/143). The H5N2 viruses did not kill hens fed either diet. In standard pathogenicity tests, Alabama H4N8 viruses reisolated from the hens that died generally were more lethal for 4-week-old chickens than the stock virus. These results argue for characterization of the Alabama H4N8 virus as pathogenic rather than nonpathogenic as originally determined. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2016,25(4):492-505
Currently ground limestone and oyster shell are the common sources of calcium for laying hens. Processed whelk (Buccinum undatum) shell contains approximately 34.8% calcium, very similar to the 38% value for commercial oyster shell and ground limestone. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding whelk shells to laying hens on performance, egg and bone quality, and calcium balance. White Leghorn hens were fed a basal diet and either one-third large particle oyster shell (>1.4-4 mm) + two-thirds ground limestone (OS/GL), one-third large particle whelk shells (>1.4-4 mm) + two-thirds ground whelk (W/GW), 100% ground limestone (GL), or 100% ground whelk shells (GW) starting at 20 wk of age for 14 28 d periods. Production data were comparable among calcium sources for the first 8 periods of production. During periods 9 to 14, feed consumption for hens fed GW was lower (P < 0.05) than for hens fed OS/GL. For periods 12 to 14, hens fed W/GW consumed less feed (P < 0.05) than those fed OS/GL and GL. Body weights were less (P < 0.05) for hens fed both forms of whelks at the end of periods 12 to 14. Egg production was not affected (P < 0.05) by treatment up to period 10. During period 11, egg production was lower (P < 0.05) for the hens fed GW compared to OS/GL and GL. For periods 12 to 14, hens fed both forms of whelks produced lower (P < 0.05) numbers of eggs than those fed OS/GL and GL. Hens fed GW produced fewer (P < 0.05) eggs than those fed W/GW. Feed conversions for hens fed W/GW and GW were less efficient (P < 0.05) during periods 12 to 14. Higher environmental temperatures occurred during periods 12 to 13, which may have negatively affected the performance of hens fed whelks. However, there were no differences (P < 0.05) among treatment means for egg weight, egg specific gravity, and shell breaking strength. GW resulted in a lower (P < 0.05) calcium balance than the other treatments for period 14. 相似文献
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Krill meal was used as a protein feed in rations for broiler chickens and laying hens and its nutritional effectiveness was studied in comparison with conventional feed-stuffs of animal origin. In experiments with 650 broiler chickens from 1 to 28 and from 29 to 56 days to fattening krill meal was added to the standard feedmixture in lieu of fish meal, and dried skim-milk, and at higher levels also in lieu of soyabean oilmeal. In the experiment with 22 layer hens kept in individual cages 3% of the fish meal were substituted by 3% of krill meal. The performance of chickens fed on diets with krill meal was lower in comparison with analogical groups fed on fish meal. Higher levels of krill meal, exceeding 15 and 11% in the first and second period of feeding respectively, reduced the weight gains and feed intake of chickens. The fatty acid C14, C18 and C18:1 content of internal body fat was changed in chickens fed on higher levels of krill meal. In the experiment with hens krill meal decreased the feed efficiency, the pigmentation of egg yolks, however, was more intensive and the vitamin A content of yolks was increased in comparison with the control group. The results show that krill meal can be used as a partial substitute of fish meal in the feed of broilers and hens. 相似文献