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1.
哲罗鱼继饥饿后的补偿生长及其机制   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
对平均初始体重为80 g的哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)进行了8周养殖实验,以检验其继饥饿后的补偿生长。实验共设5个处理组,4组鱼分别被饥饿1周、2周、3周、4周后再恢复正常投喂,1组正常投喂作为对照,分别用S1、S2、S3、S4、C表示。实验结果显示:饥饿过程中各饥饿组鱼体重随饥饿时间的延长而逐渐下降,饥饿结束时S2、S3、S4组鱼体重均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),恢复投喂结束时S1、S2、S3组鱼体重与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),S4组鱼体重与对照差异显著(P<0.05)。恢复投喂期间除S1组外其他饥饿组鱼的摄食率和特定生长率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。在饥饿过程中,其耗氧率随着饥饿时间的延长逐渐下降,恢复投喂后逐渐上升,其中S1、S2、S3组在各自恢复投喂后5 d、9 d、12 d恢复到对照组水平,而S4组则在其恢复投喂后24 d恢复到对照组水平。饥饿导致鱼躯干脂肪含量下降,躯干水分和灰分含量升高,蛋白质含量变化不大。恢复投喂结束时各饥饿组鱼躯干水分、脂肪、蛋白质含量与对照无显著性差异(P>0.05);躯干灰分含量除S4组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)外,其余与对照差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验结果表明,人工养殖哲罗鱼饥饿1~3周表现出完全补偿生长,饥饿4周表现出部分补偿生长。恢复投喂期间各饥饿组鱼对食物的利用效率得到明显提高,表明哲罗鱼恢复生长中出现的补偿生长效应主要是通过提高摄食水平和食物转化率共同作用实现的。  相似文献   

2.
2001年12月—2002年3月,水温为19~24℃,对鲻鱼[初始体重:(204.42±23.13)g]进行了不同时间的限食处理后再充分投喂的恢复生长试验。试验设定2种投喂方式,对照组(饱食组)在试验期间正常投喂;限食组(半饱组)在限食期投喂量为饱食组的1/2,重喂期则恢复投喂。试验期为8周。分别在限食期的第0、1、2、4周和重喂期第1、2、4周取样,每次6条鱼。试验结果表明:限食状态下,鲻鱼半饱组血糖、血脂和血浆蛋白含量均显著降低;再充分投喂后,各血液生化指标均恢复到对照组水平。鲻鱼限食4周后,在4个星期的恢复生长过程中产生了显著的补偿效应。  相似文献   

3.
在水温19~24℃条件下对鲻鱼[初始体重:(204.42±23.13)g]进行不同时间的限食处理后再充分投喂的恢复生长试验。试验设定3种方式,对照组(饱食组)在试验期间一直投喂;半饱食组在限食期投喂量为饱食组的1/2,重喂期则恢复投喂;饥饿组在限食期不投喂食物,重喂期恢复投喂。试验期为8周。取样在限食期的第0、1、2、4周和重喂期的第1、2、4周,每次6条鱼。结果表明:限食状态下,鲻鱼半饱组和饥饿组肌肉(白肌)糖原和脂肪含量均显著降低,而肌肉水含量和肌肉蛋白含量变化均不显著;比肝重亦显著降低;体重下降但差异不显著。再充分投喂后,各生理参数均恢复到对照组水平。鲻鱼在恢复生长过程中产生了显著的补偿效应。  相似文献   

4.
饥饿以及再充分投喂对鲻鱼血液生化指标的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
在19～24℃条件下对鲻鱼(初始体重:204.42g±23.13g)进行了不同时间的饥饿处理后再充分投喂的恢复生长实验。实验设定2种投喂方式,对照组(饱食组)在实验期间一直投喂,饥饿组在限食期则不投喂食物,重喂期则恢复投喂。实验期为8个星期。取样分别在限食期的第0、1、2、4周和重喂期的1、2、4周,每次6条鱼。结果表明:饥饿状态下,鲻鱼血糖,血脂和血浆蛋白含量都显著降低;再充分投喂后,各血液生化指标均恢复到对照组水平,实验结果表明鲻鱼饥饿4个星期后,在4个星期的恢复生长过程中产生了显著的补偿效应。  相似文献   

5.
饥饿和补偿生长对点带石斑鱼幼鱼摄食和生长的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
在水温29.2±0.2℃条件下,对点带石斑鱼幼鱼(1.832±0.03 g)进行了不同时间的饥饿后再供食的恢复生长试验。对照组(S0)持续投喂30 d,饥饿组S2、S4、S6、S8和S10分别饥饿2 d、4 d、6 d、8 d和10 d后再分别恢复投喂28 d、26 d、24 d、22 d和20 d。结果表明:饥饿组在恢复投喂后,体重迅速增重,且S2的体重超过了S0,但两者体重差异不显著(P>0.05),而其他各饥饿组的体重均显著低于S0和S2组(P<0.05)。点带石斑鱼经饥饿再恢复投喂,其特殊生长率和摄食率均显著高于S0(P<0.05);食物转化率呈波动变化,各饥饿组的食物转化率大部分均低于S0。比较分析认为,S2为完全补偿生长,其他各试验组为部分补偿生长,且这种补偿生长效应主要是通过恢复生长阶段提高摄食水平来实现。  相似文献   

6.
饥饿后再投喂对星斑川鲽生长、摄食的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用饥饿不同时间后再恢复投喂相同时间的方法,在温度(19±1)℃、盐度32±1的条件下,对相同规格的星斑川鲽[(26.02±0.30)g]的生长、摄食进行了研究。研究结果表明,饥饿5 d的星斑川鲽在恢复投喂20 d后鱼体质量超过对照组水平,差异不显著(P>0.05),获得了超补偿生长;饥饿10d的星斑川鲽恢复投喂20 d后,鱼体质量接近对照组水平,差异不显著(P>0.05),获得了完全补偿生长;饥饿15 d的星斑川鲽恢复投喂20 d后,鱼体质量未能达到对照组水平,差异显著(P<0.05),获得了部分补偿生长。饥饿后再投喂处理对星斑川鲽的体质量、全长、特定生长率、比肝质量等生长指标均有显著影响;对总摄食量、平均摄食量、食物转化率、摄食率、吸收率、排粪率的影响亦比较明显。结果表明,饥饿5 d的星斑川鲽在恢复投喂后生长最快,表现出很强的补偿生长能力。  相似文献   

7.
为研究体长(10.63±0.20)cm、体重(17.63±0.72)g锦鲤(Cryprinus carpiod)幼鱼循环饥饿后的补偿生长和体成分变化,试验设5个组,分别为正常投喂和4个循环饥饿投喂组,其中循环饥饿投喂组投喂方式分别为:饥饿1 d后投喂3 d、饥饿1 d后投喂5 d、饥饿2 d后投喂3 d、饥饿2 d后投喂5 d,试验水温为(27.0±1.0)℃,试验周期为40 d。试验结果表明:循环饥饿1 d后投喂的特定生长率、摄食率均显著高于正常投喂的(P0.05),但末均长、末均重、总摄食量、相对增重率和饲料利用率的差异均不显著(P0.05),表现为完全补偿生长,推测其补偿生长应是通过提高摄食率来实现的;循环饥饿2d后投喂的末均长、末均重、总摄食量、特定生长率、相对增重率均显著低于正常投喂的(P0.05),而摄食率、饲料利用率的差异均不显著(P0.05),表现为不能补偿生长,但是否对其生理机能造成伤害有待于进一步研究确定;4个循环饥饿投喂组的鱼体粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量较正常投喂组有所降低,而水分和灰分含量有所升高。因此,循环饥饿1 d后投喂3 d的实际投喂时间较短,且为完全补偿生长,是最佳的循环饥饿投喂模式。  相似文献   

8.
投喂频率对鳡幼鱼摄食及生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  
研究了不同投喂频率(1次/d,2次/d,3次/d,4次/d)对鳡(Elopichthys bambusa)幼鱼摄食及生长的影响,试验持续30 d。结果显示:投喂频率从1次/d增加到4次/d,鳡幼鱼的摄食率逐步提高,1次/d组的摄食率显著低于其他组(P<0.05);体重增加率、特定生长率有不同程度增高,在3次/d时达到最高;饲料转化率逐次下降,1次/d组显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。随着投喂频率增加,实验各组组内个体体重差异显著下降,鳡的规格趋于整齐,组间每日摄食表现也各不相同。试验表明:鳡的生长受投喂频率的影响,每天投喂3次是鳡养殖的最佳投喂频率。  相似文献   

9.
在水温(26±2)℃、自然光照条件下,以长吻(Leiocassis longirostris)、异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)和草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为研究对象,设定3种投喂方式。实验饵料为水蚯蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)。第1种方式为连续投喂,整个实验期间不间断;第2种连续投喂4 d后饥饿1 d;第3种连续投喂2 d后饥饿1 d。3种方式分别以S0(对照组)、S1/4和S1/2表示。实验周期均为30 d。结果显示,长吻和异育银鲫在3种处理条件下的终体重无显著差异,草鱼在S0组(对照组)和S1/4组的终体重无显著差异,S1/2组的终体重显著降低。这表明,长吻和异育银鲫在S1/4和S1/2组时具有完全补偿生长现象,而草鱼只在S1/4组具有完全补偿生长现象,在S1/2组则发生部分补偿生长。结论认为,长吻和异育银鲫的补偿生长能力要强于草鱼。3种鱼在不同处理条件下的饲料转化效率和蛋白质效率比都没有显著差异,补偿生长是通过提高实际摄食率实现的。  相似文献   

10.
选用体重196.77±7.60g的白斑狗鱼（Esox Lucius Linnaeus）为研究对象,试验设置饥饿14d、21d、28d、35d、42d组和正常投喂对照组,各组饥饿结束后恢复饱食投喂,试验周期为56d,水温为22～26℃,研究了饥饿和再投喂对白斑狗鱼生长性能、体生化组成和肌肉、肝脏RNA/DNA比值的影响。结果表明：饥饿再投喂后各处理组均出现补偿生长现象,在恢复生长结束后,饥饿14d组体重显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,其他各饥饿处理组体重与对照组无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;随着饥饿时间的延长,饥饿各处理组肌肉的脂肪含量显著下降（P＜0.05）,水分含量显著升高（P＜0.05）,恢复投喂结束时各饥饿处理组蛋白质和水分含量恢复到对照组水平;在恢复投喂初期各处理组的特定生长率、摄食率和食物转化效率显著高于对照组水平（P＜0.05）,随着恢复生长时间的延长,逐渐恢复到对照组水平（P＞0.05）;肌肉和肝脏的RNA/DNA比值均随饥饿时间的延长呈逐渐下降的趋势,在恢复投喂结束时,RNA/DNA比值均在饥饿28d组达到最大值。由此表明饥饿14d组的白斑狗鱼在恢复生长过程中出现了超补偿生长效应,21d组、28d组、35d组和42d组出现了完全补偿生长效应,该补偿效应是由摄食率和食物转化效率升高共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

11.
The compensatory growth in juvenile fat snook (13.7 g) was evaluated in fish subjected to four treatments: continuously fed (control); subjected to 1 (D1), 2 (D2) and 3 (D3) weeks of food deprivation, followed by a 5‐week re‐feeding period. At the end of food deprivation, the body weights at the different treatments were significantly different and inversely related to the length of the food deprivation period (C=16.425 g; D1=14.024 g; D2=13.542 g; D3=12.228 g). During re‐feeding, no differences were observed in the slopes of body weight growth curves among treatments, indicating failure in full growth compensation. In the first re‐feeding week (week 4), although hyperphagia was observed for all re‐fed groups, better food conversion ratios were detected only for D1 and D2, reflected in an enhancement in the specific growth rates. From week 5 onwards, no differences between treatments and control were detected for any variable. The total food intake was lower for D2 and D3 compared with the control. In the present study, fish showed partial compensatory growth when subjected to a maximum of 2 weeks of food deprivation. Therefore, the food deprivation can promote production losses, even considering a reduction in the total food intake.  相似文献   

12.
A 12-week experiment was carried out to evaluate compensatory growth of 6.6 g Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. under three cyclical regimes of feed deprivation and refeeding. The deprivation and refeeding regimes included four cycles of 1 week of deprivation and 2 weeks of refeeding (S1F2), two cycles of 2 weeks of deprivation and 4 weeks of refeeding (S2F4) and one cycle of 4 weeks of deprivation and 8 weeks of refeeding (S4F8). A group of fish fed to satiation twice daily throughout the experiment served as control. At the end of the refeeding periods, fish deprived and refed cyclically had higher feed intake and specific growth rates (SGR), but lower body weight, than that of the control fish. There was no significant difference in feed efficiency ratio (FER) between the control and fish subjected to feed deprivation during the refeeding periods, and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) was not different between any two treatments throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment, fish subjected to feed deprivation had lower body weight but similar body composition, relative to those of the control fish. No significant differences were found in final body weight, NRE and body composition between the fish subjected to different cycles of deprivation and refeeding, but the fish subjected to one cycle of deprivation and refeeding exhibited high mortality. Our results indicate that partial growth compensation induced by various cycles of feed deprivation and refeeding does not confer a huge advantage in terms of enhancing the production efficiency and reducing the nitrogen waste output in Nile tilapia farming 29–30 °C.  相似文献   

13.
在(28±1)℃水温条件下,以4种循环饥饿的投喂方式饲养初始体重为1.58 g的异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)幼鱼,研究其补偿生长和部分生理生化指标的变化。实验分为四组,第一组每天投喂,为对照组,第二组投喂4 d后饥饿1 d,第三组投喂2 d后饥饿1 d,第四组投喂1 d后饥饿1 d,4种方式分别以C、R1/4、R1/2和R1/1表示,试验持续60 d。结果显示,3个试验组的实际摄食率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但饲料转化效率均显著低于对照组,导致3个试验组的特定生长率显著下降,体重未赶上对照组,而且饥饿时间越长,体重增长率越低。鱼体的蛋白质、灰分含量未受到投喂方式的显著影响,干物质、脂肪和能量含量随饥饿时间增加显著下降;肥满度、肝体比、ATP酶、SOD酶活性以及谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性也随饥饿时间的增加显著下降。  相似文献   

14.
Ten‐week study was performed on Labeo rohita fingerlings (av. wt. 3.75 ± 0.06 g) to investigate the nature of compensatory growth. Fingerlings were deprived of food for 0 (control), 1 (D1), 2 (D2) or 3 (D3) weeks and refed to satiation for 5 weeks. The feed deprivation was carried out in D3 group on week 3, 4 and 5; D2 group on week 4 and 5; D1 group on week 5, and refeeding of all the groups were started from week 6 onwards. The D1 and D2 groups caught up in body weight with that of control fish within 2 weeks and 4 weeks of refeeding, respectively, but the D3 group had significantly (P < 0.05) lower body weight than the control after 5 weeks of refeeding. Higher growth efficiency was observed in all the feed deprived groups in the 1st week of refeeding only. Feed intake in D1 group became similar with the control after 5 weeks of refeeding, but the D2 and D3 groups were still hyperphagic when the experiment terminated. Thus, compensatory growth was due to hyperphagia and improved growth efficiency. In conclusion, complete compensatory growth was observed in L. rohita fingerlings after feed deprivation of 1 and 2 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract. Supplementary enzymes were added to a diet in order to increase its digestibility and improve the growth achieved by seawater Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. The supplementary enzymes were selected to hydrolyse proteins and carbohydrates. Three diets, with fishmeal as the only source of protein (C1), with fishmeal and soybean meal (C2) and diet C2 with supplementary enzymes (C3) were fed to seawater salmon (100g) for 12 weeks at nominal tank rations equivalent to 2·5% body weight per day. Consumption rates of individual fish were measured by radiography. The salmon fed C3 had higher rates of food consumption, significantly higher final weights and rates of growth and lower food conversion efficiencies and maintenance ration than those fed C2. Salmon fed C1 had similar food conversion efficiencies to the C3 fed fish. These results indicate that the addition of supplementary enzymes to diets containing soybean meal improves the growth and food conversion efficiency of salmon.  相似文献   

16.
溶氧水平对黄颡鱼稚鱼摄食、生长及呼吸代谢的影响   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  
在(28±0.5)℃循环水环境中设置4种溶氧水平,分别为2.92 mg/L(G1组)、4.71 mg/L(G2组)、6.77 mg/L(G3组)、9.68 mg/L(G4组),研究初始体重为(1.62±0.02)g的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidracoR.)稚鱼的生长、摄食及呼吸代谢规律。结果显示:G3组特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)均显著高于其它各试验组(P<0.05)。试验鱼的耗氧率、排氨率与溶氧水平无正相关性,G3组的耗氧率、排氨率始终显著高于其它三组。第6周测定发现:摄食后1~4 h内耗氧率和排氨率均呈现迅速上升,到达最大值后再缓慢下降,二者均在09∶00和21∶00出现高峰,G3组的耗氧率高峰值分别为0.345、0.331 mg/g.h,G3组的排氨率高峰值分别为24.194、17.770μg/g.h。结果表明:不同溶氧条件下,黄颡鱼稚鱼的耗氧率、排氨率变化过程具有类似的特征,二者在能量代谢机制上相互关联;在6.77 mg/L的溶氧水平下,黄颡鱼稚鱼生长最快、呼吸代谢最为旺盛。  相似文献   

17.
We evaluated growth performance and metabolic responses in Nile tilapia (Oreochromic niloticus) juveniles (30.2 ± 0.9 g) subjected to 1 (F1), 2 (F2), or 3 weeks (F3) of fasting and then refed for 10 weeks (10WR) compared to controls (FC), which were fed for the full 13-week trial. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) during fasting were lower in all treatments compared to the FC. However, during refeeding, feed intake/body mass and SGR increased in F1, F2, and F3, inducing partial compensatory growth. The hepatosomatic index (HSI), visceral fat index (VFI), liver glycogen (LG), and carcass lipid levels dropped in all fasted fish compared to FC (P < 0.05), showing a depletion of stored nutrients such as fat and LG. Along with LG, fat reserves were mobilized during fasting to maintain basal metabolism and survival, but these energy constituents returned to control levels at 10WR, at which time HSI was higher in all refed fish compared to FC. Additionally, the variables VFI, LG, and lipid in carcass increased in all refed fish, equaling those of FC at 10WR. The results showed that, in contrast with other protocols that used smaller tilapia juveniles, the feeding strategies utilized for Nile tilapia juveniles in this study (1 to 3 weeks of fasting and 10WR) were able to induce only partial compensatory growth. It can be concluded that in situations that require complete food restriction in juvenile Nile tilapia (30 g), an acceptable strategy is to limit the period of fasting to 1 week or less to minimize losses and to achieve partial compensatory growth.  相似文献   

18.
为探讨大口黑鲈饲料中不同脂肪与蛋白质含量比对其生长、体组成和非特异性免疫的影响,实验设计了8种(D1~D8)不同脂肪与蛋白质含量比的总能递增饲料。D1~D8饲料的脂肪水平递增(9.0%～26.5%),而蛋白质水平递减(52.0%～31.0%)。用上述饲料饲养体质量为(10.06±0.02)g的大口黑鲈88 d,每饲料设3重复,每重复30尾鱼。结果显示,特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质消化率、脂肪消化率和脂肪沉积率均以D2组最高,但随饲料中脂肪与蛋白质含量比的进一步升高呈现显著下降趋势。D3~D5组的蛋白质效率显著高于D1和D8组。D2、D3组与D4组间的蛋白质沉积率差异不显著,但显著高于其他各组。D1~D4组间的总能消化率差异不显著,但显著地高于其他各组。饲料中脂肪含量过高对鱼体组成产生显著的影响,使体脂的积蓄显著增高。随着饲料中脂肪与蛋白质含量比的升高,成活率呈显著下降趋势,D1和D2组的成活率显著高于D5~D8组。非特异性免疫分析显示,D4组血清溶菌酶活力和D2组血清补体活性及头肾白细胞呼吸爆发活性为最高。以饲料为单因子作单因素方差分析得出,满足大口黑鲈最适生长和饲料利用的饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为49.30%和11.50%。以饲料中蛋白质和脂肪水平为自变量,分别以特定生长率和蛋白质沉积率为因变量进行二元二次回归分析得出,特定生长率最大时,饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和脂肪与蛋白质含量比分别为48.20%、12.44%和0.26;蛋白质沉积率最高时,饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和脂肪与蛋白质含量比分别为46.42%、13.96%和0.30。以饲料蛋能比为自变量作一元二次回归分析得出,蛋白质沉积率最大时,饲料的蛋能比、蛋白质、脂肪和脂肪与蛋白质含量比分别为23.72mg/kJ、46.16%、14.18%和0.31。研究认为,饲料的脂肪和蛋白质水平对大口黑鲈的生长、体组成、饲料效率和免疫力有着不同程度的影响;饲料中过高的脂肪会抑制蛋白质的消化与利用,表明脂肪对蛋白质的节约作用有限。建议大口黑鲈实用饲料的蛋白质和脂肪水平分别保持在46%~49%和11.5%~14%范围内较为适当。  相似文献   

19.
To study the effects of body weight on growth and physiological response mechanism of S. salar, fish of three average body weights were selected: 30.25 ± 2.12 g (SW1), 24.27 ± 1.59 g (SW2) and 18.05 ± 2.46 g (SW3). Condition factor, daily weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were significantly higher in the SW2 group compared with the other treatment groups (P < 0.05). Food conversion ratio decreased with increasing body weight, and weight and specific growth rate of body length were highest in the SW2 group (P < 0.05). Larger fish (SW1 and SW2) had higher haemoglobin concentration and number of red blood cells. The number of white blood cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils were greatest in the SW3 group (P < 0.05), suggesting that these fish had strong resistance to disease. The content of total protein, albumin and urea were significantly higher in the SW2 group compared with other groups (P < 0.05). The concentration of total cholesterol and triglyceride increased with increasing body size (P < 0.05). Hormone (T3 and T4) levels first increased significantly and then decreased in fish of various sizes (P < 0.05), and the concentration of cortisol rose, fell and then rose again in SW1 and SW2 groups. Light affected the endocrine activity of S. salar by influencing the growth performance of the fish, and smaller sized fish exhibited decreased smoltification rate and a reduced success rate of smoltification. Based on these findings, S. salar weighing about 24 g were chosen to begin the process of smoltification.  相似文献   

20.
Long‐day photoperiods are considered as an effective managerial tool in manipulating of reproduction and somatic growth in a number of fish species. In this study, the effects of three different artificial photoperiods on the gonadal development and somatic growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss L.) were investigated. Two years‐old immature female rainbow trout (279.94 ±2.25 g) were exposed to three artificial photoperiod regimes of 24L:0D, 18L:6D and 6L:18D and natural light (NL) regime for 5 months. The highest gonadosomatic indices were recorded in NL and 6L:18D groups while the rates were significantly lower in fish maintained under 18L:6D and 24L:0D photoperiods (P < 0.05). Mean oocyte diameters in fish exposed to 24L:0D and also to 18L:6D were significantly lower than the 6L:18D and NL groups. Photoperiods with 24L:0D and 18L:6D regimes resulted in significantly higher mean final weights and specific growth rates (SGR) than NL regime. The highest mean final weight (635.45 ± 16.19 g) and SGR (1.03 ± 0.04% day?1) were obtained under 24L:0D photoperiod. Fish exposed to 24L:0D and 18L:6D showed the highest condition factor as 1.44 ± 0.01 and 1.44 ± 0.02 respectively, when compared with the NL (1.27 ± 0.01) and 6L:18D (1.34 ± 0.02) groups. Basically, the results suggested that continuous artificial lightning can be used as an influential factor in delaying gonadal development and enhancing somatic growth in rainbow trout during gonadal growth phase.  相似文献   

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