共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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从改善低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)材料力学性能和抗老化性能出发,探讨了加入石墨烯对LDPE拉伸强度、断裂伸长、回弹性等拉伸性能和氙灯人工加速老化后拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:石墨烯能明显改善LDPE材料的拉伸性能和抗老化能力:拉伸性能的改善程度随石墨烯的添加而呈先增后减趋势,当石墨烯添加量为0.02wt%时,LDPE表现出最优的拉伸性能;较不含石墨烯的LDPE,石墨烯添加量为0.02wt%改性LDPE,加速老化后其抗拉强度、断裂伸长率和断后回弹率等拉伸性能均出现较低下降,但均优于未改性LDPE老化前的拉伸性能。 相似文献
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农用地膜力学性能试验与分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
农用地膜大量残留于土地中对土壤造成严重危害,甚至会引起农作物的减产。当前,农用地膜回收的技术不成熟、回收机械效果不理想,为解决农用地膜回收困难、效率低下的问题,分析影响回收效率的因素至关重要。由于地膜自身的力学性能对机械化回收的效果影响显著,于2016年3月-2017年3月在新疆生产建设兵团农一师六团对不同厚度、不同覆膜时间、不同薄膜厚度、不同耕层深度的地膜进行力学性能试验。结果表明:地表残膜覆膜时间相同时,厚度为0. 018mm的残膜拉伸负载荷最大,0. 014mm的残膜断裂伸长率最大;地膜厚度相同时,90d的残膜拉伸负载荷和断裂伸长率都最大;耕层内残膜厚度相同时,浅层地膜的拉伸负载荷和断裂伸长率都较深层残膜的大;耕层深度相同时,地膜厚度越厚,拉伸负载荷越大,断裂伸长率越小。 相似文献
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《中国农村水利水电》2017,(8)
为减少水资源的浪费,灌区混凝土工程表面裂缝需要固化性能好的封闭材料。通过三种不同的固化剂对PTN封闭材料进行改性,选出较优的固化剂C;试验结果表明:改性后封闭材料表干和实干时间分别比空白组缩短3 h和5 h;拉伸强度达到2.62 MPa,高于空白组1.91 MPa;断裂伸长率1112%,高于空白组761%;拉伸黏结强度达到1.59 MPa,拉伸断裂伸长率达到586%;建立材料硬度与拉伸性能的相关关系式,可以无损检测预测PTN封闭材料的拉伸性能;研究结果对灌区工程混凝土表面裂缝封闭达到节水灌溉的要求具有一定的工程意义。 相似文献
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为改善竹颗粒（BP）与聚乳酸（PLA）的表界面性能,分别用氢氧化钠溶液和马来酸酐（MAH）对BP表面处理后,与PLA熔融共混制得完全生物可降解复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜和力学性能测试,研究了碱处理及不同MAH浓度对竹颗粒及其复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:碱处理和MAH增容后,BP与PLA的表面相容性得到改善;当MAH添加量为1.0%时,复合材料有较佳的拉伸强度（47.6 MPa）和断裂伸长率（6.22%）,而当MAH添加量为0.5%时,复合材料有较好的弯曲强度（72.61 MPa）和弯曲模量（4.65 GPa）。 相似文献
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为改善竹颗粒(BP)与聚乳酸(PLA)的表界面性能,分别用氢氧化钠溶液和马来酸酐(MAH)对BP表面处理后,与PLA熔融共混制得完全生物可降解复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜和力学性能测试,研究了碱处理及不同MAH浓度对竹颗粒及其复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:碱处理和MAH增容后,BP与PLA的表面相容性得到改善;当MAH添加量为1.0%时,复合材料有较佳的拉伸强度(47.6 MPa)和断裂伸长率(6.22%),而当MAH添加量为0.5%时,复合材料有较好的弯曲强度(72.61 MPa)和弯曲模量(4.65 GPa)。 相似文献
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为改善大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠复合膜的耐水性,通过添加不同添加量（0、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%）硬脂酸制备大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠/硬脂酸三元复合膜,探究硬脂酸对大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠复合膜的机械性能、阻水性能和微观结构的影响,最终明确不同硬脂酸添加量对耐水性变化的影响规律。结果表明：与大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠二元复合膜相比,添加6%和8%硬脂酸后,复合膜的断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率显著下降,并且对其含水率及水溶性也有显著影响。当硬脂酸添加量为8%时,三元复合膜的水蒸气渗透性最低,水蒸气透过系数为（2.95±0.49） g·mm/（m2·h·kPa）,接触角最大,为91.68°±9.02°。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜分析可知,大豆分离蛋白和海藻酸钠通过共价交联形成网络结构,加入的硬脂酸则分布在网络结构的缝隙中,当硬脂酸添加量为8%时,膜的表面较为光滑平整,内部结构致密,能够形成良好的网络结构,键与键之间结合较强,能有效提高复合膜的阻水性能。 相似文献
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强紫外线照射、高温高湿及台风等外界条件对热带地区温室塑料薄膜的老化有显著影响,使其机械性能下降,破损严重。为延长薄膜的使用年限,对自然老化状态下薄膜的拉伸性能进行测试,以拉伸力、形变量、断点伸长率、拉伸强度为评价指标,比较不同使用时长、不同安装位置、不同安装形式的薄膜在自然状态下的老化程度。结果表明:0.15mm厚的薄膜使用8个月后拉伸性能有所下降,使用近3年后性能下降更明显;对比不同取样位置处的老化程度,得出卡簧卡槽的夹持会加速老化,0.15mm厚的薄膜使用8个月后夹持处断点伸长率衰减了60.8%,非夹持处断点伸长率仅衰减了12.4%;使用3年后夹持处的断点伸长率衰减了93.2%,非夹持处断点伸长率衰减了33.9%。测试与防护垫层一并安装的0.10mm的薄膜的拉伸性能可知:在垫层的防护下,0.10 mm厚的薄膜使用8个月后夹持处的断点伸长率衰减了2 7.3%,非夹持处的断点伸长率衰减了1 2.8%,夹持处与非夹持处的薄膜拉伸性能差异远低于0.15mm厚的薄膜。综上可知:卡簧卡槽的夹持会加速薄膜老化,垫层的存在可减缓薄膜因夹持带来的加速老化。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献