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钟敏 《江西畜牧兽医杂志》2023,(4):23-25
本试验旨在探究穿心莲提取物对常见鸡源病原菌的体外抑菌效果,采用预加菌液倾注平板法进行抑菌活性测定。结果表明,穿心莲提取物对大肠杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、沙门氏菌三种鸡源常见病原菌均有抑制作用,其中对沙门氏菌的抑制作用最大,其抑菌圈直径达到20mm以上。 相似文献
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采用杯碟法对毛白杨叶提取物（Ｙ）及其水煎液（ＣＳ）进行了畜禽常见病原菌的抑菌效果观察。结果表明ＣＳ、Ｙ对畜禽常见病原菌均有一定的抑制作用，但Ｙ的抑菌效果比ＣＳ强。此外，还用试管法测定了两种提取物的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）。 相似文献
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采用榨汁法、水煮法和醇提法制备库拉索芦荟提取物,通过K-B法和二倍稀释法测定3种方法芦荟提取物对维氏气单胞菌的抑菌作用。结果显示,用3种方法制备的库拉索芦荟提取物对维氏气单胞菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,榨汁法、水煮法和醇提法得到的库拉索芦荟提取物对3株维氏气单胞菌的平均最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)分别为1、0.5和0.125 g/mL,最小杀菌浓度(minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC)分别为1、1和0.25 g/mL。库拉索芦荟提取物对3株维氏气单胞菌均有抑制作用,芦荟提取物浓度越高抑菌效果越明显,其中醇提法的抑菌效率高,水煮法的抑菌作用其次,榨汁法的抑菌效果较弱。 相似文献
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试验研究辣蓼散不同极性段提取物对兽医临床常见致病菌的体外抑菌效果。采用水和乙醇等不同极性溶剂对辣蓼散进行提取,用纸片法测定6种提取物对绿脓杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、鸡大肠杆菌等5种病原菌的体外抑菌效果,并用试管二倍稀释法测定各提取物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明:辣蓼散不同极性段提取物对5种病原菌有不同的抑制作用;辣蓼散水煎醇提物的抑菌效果最为明显,对鸡白痢沙门氏菌、鸡大肠杆菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌均有较好的抑菌效果,MIC均为15.62 g/L,对白色念珠菌与绿脓杆菌的MIC均为31.25 g/L。研究结果为辣蓼散在畜牧业中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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目的:初探柠檬提取物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用及其机制,温度、酸碱度对提取物作用的影响;观察柠檬提取物对新城疫病毒的抑制作用。方法:利用滤纸片扩散法测定不同提取物浓度的相对抑菌活性,不同温度、酸碱度环境提取物相对抑菌活性。利用Vero细胞为载体观察提取物对新城疫病毒的抑制作用。结果:柠檬提取物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌有显著的抑菌活性,其活性不受酸碱度影响,但受温度影响;提取物对新城疫病毒具有直接抑制作用,对该病的预防及治疗作用则不明显。结论:柠檬提取物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌及新城疫病毒均具抑制作用。 相似文献
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七种中药提取物对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑菌试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究7种中药提取物对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌株及临床耐药菌株的抑菌作用,并且为减小致病菌的耐药性提供试验依据,本试验以65％乙醇水为溶剂,煎煮提取,减压浓缩,提取物离心后分成上清液和沉淀两部分,分别采用管碟法测定抑菌圈大小.结果显示:7味中药提取物中,赤芍、连翘、白术的上清液和沉淀对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,穿心莲、莪术和秦艽对部分菌株有抑制作用,而知母上清液的抑菌作用不明显;中药沉淀的抑菌效果优于上清液的抑菌效果,且连翘、赤芍提取物对临床耐药金葡菌的抑菌效果较好. 相似文献
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本研究选用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、甲醇和去离子水4种提取溶剂对翻白草活性成分进行提取,同时采用微量肉汤稀释法和微量纸片法对4种活性成分进行体外抑菌试验,了解其抑菌效果。结果表明,翻白草提取物的主要活性成分有酚类、鞣质类、三萜类、甾体类和黄酮类,主要活性成分对试验菌株均有抑制作用,其中石油醚提取物对粪肠球菌ATCC25912和屎肠球菌ATCC35667的最小抑菌浓度最低。 相似文献
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Capsaicin-induced relaxation in rabbit coronary artery. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D Yeon S Kwon Y Lee J Leem T Nam D Ahn 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(5):499-503
In the present study mechanism of inhibitory effects of capsaicin on the contractility of rabbit coronary artery were studied by measurement of isometric tension and intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Capsaicin (1 microM to 30 microM) relaxed the coronary artery pre-contracted with prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha (1 microM) in a concentration-dependent manner. The PGF2alpha-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration was also inhibited. The effects of capsaicin were readily reversed by washing capsaicin from the bath. Capsaicin-induced relaxation was not attenuated by pretreatment with capsazepine (1 microM), a blocker of vanilloid receptor or ruthenium red (1 microM), a blocker of non-selective cation channel. Previous exposure to a high concentration of capsaicin (100 microM) or repeated application of capsaicin did not eliminate the relaxation response to subsequent application of capsaicin. Increasing the external K+ concentration to 80 mM significantly attenuated the capsaicin-induced relaxation with simultaneous change in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Pretreatment with iberiotoxin (100 nM), a blocker of Ca2+-activated K+ channel, only partially inhibited the capsaicin-induced relaxation. However, application of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 1 mM), a blocker of delayed rectifier K+ current significantly inhibited the capsaicin-induced relaxation with concomitant attenuation of the effect on intracellular Ca2+ concentration. These results indicate that capsaicin may have a direct relaxing effect on the smooth muscle contractility, and relaxation may be due to activation of the 4-AP-sensitive, delayed rectifier K+ channels in the rabbit coronary artery. 相似文献
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Shanna Hardin BS Logan Potts Justin Waggoner MS Clint Lest PhD Jason Turner PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007,27(11):494-498
Dietary capsaicin enhances disease resistance and immunity in various species. Because relatively little is known about the potential benefits of capsaicin when used on horses, this study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary capsaicin on measures of health in horses. Twelve horses were fed over 28 days a basal diet with three levels of dietary capsaicin: 0 mg (C), 50 mg (CAP50), or 100 mg (CAP100) per horse per day. Before feeding on day 0, horses were weighed, a blood sample taken, and a sample of synovial fluid from the left distal carpal joint was taken. Subsequent body weights and blood samples were obtained on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. On day 21, tetanus toxoid (TT) and an immunomodulator (EqStim) were given to each horse. On days 21 to 28, daily rectal temperature (RT) and blood samples were taken. On day 28, synovial fluid was obtained immediately after blood sampling and RT measurement. Synovial concentrations of prostaglandin E2 did not differ among dietary treatments or between days 0 and 28. No effect of dietary capsaicin on serum immunoglobulin G subclass T or α1-acid glycoprotein concentrations was observed. Serum haptoglobin was elevated (P < .0003) and RT increased (P < .05) after challenge with EqStim and TT; however, haptoglobin concentrations and RT did not differ due to diet. We conclude that the doses of dietary capsaicin fed to horses in this study had no beneficial effect on measures of joint health or the immune response in horses. 相似文献
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文章旨在研究体外条件下辣椒碱对鸭源性大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌效果和抗氧化能力。试验采用平板涂布法测定辣椒碱对3种致病菌的MIC,采用比浊法测定不同时间点菌液的光密度(OD值),绘制生长曲线。采用体外法测定辣椒碱对1,1-二苯基-二苦基肼(DPPH)、超氧阴离子和羟自由基的清除率评价辣椒碱的抗氧化能力。结果显示,辣椒碱对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别1、2、2 g/L,对DPPH、超氧阴离子和羟自由基均有一定的清除能力。试验表明,辣椒碱对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果明显,是一种良好的抑菌剂和抗氧化剂。 相似文献
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We investigated the inhibitory effect of capsaicin fertilizer on feeding in deer. We tested four captive adult female deer. In Experiment 1, in addition to the treatment (intact) containing only a solid feed (HC), we mixed the fertilizer not containing capsaicin (F) or the capsaicin fertilizer (CF) in the solid feed. In addition, the solid feed was put on a wire net that capsaicin fertilizer was placed 5 cm below (SCF). We investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 2, we changed the amount of substance (fertilizer and capsaicin fertilizer) mixed in the HC. We mixed different amounts (0, 50, 100, and 200 g) of the treatments other than the intact with HC and presented them to the deer, and investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 1, intake in the F and CF decreased (p < .05). In Experiment 2, HC intake was significantly lower in the 100 and 200 g CF (p < .05). However, HC intake relatively increased by the last day in the CF 200 g too. The capsaicin fertilizer decreased the feeding behavior of deer by directly touching the mucous membranes of the deer nose and lips. However, the effects were decreased over time. 相似文献
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A Kanamaru T Mutoh R Nishimura N Sasaki M Kuwahara H Tsubone 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(7):865-868
Responses of nasal receptors to capsaicin and water were studied from afferent recordings of the posterior nasal nerve (PNN) in 12 anesthetized dogs. Out of 12 non-respiration-modulated nasal receptors, 7 responded only to capsaicin, 3 responded to both water and capsaicin, and 2 to neither of them. All the fibers showed a rapid adaptation to mechanical probing of the nasal mucosa. These results indicate that the presence of sensory receptors responding to capsaicin and water are involved in PNN afferents of the dog. 相似文献
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Park ES Jo S Yi SJ Kim JS Ee HS Lee IS Seo KM Sung JK Lee I Yoon YS 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(2):107-114
Capsaicin, one of the pungent principles of hot pepper, has been reported to cause a cessation of increases in body weight and fat gain induced by high-fat feeding. Especially, in body weight and feeding control, cholecystokinin (CCK) has been well known as a satiety signal and neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been described as one of the most potent orexigenic signals. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of capsaicin on CCK- and NPY- immunoreactivities (IR) in the brain of high-fat fed rats. The animals were divided into normal-fat diet (NF), high-fat diet (HF) and high-fat diet containing capsaicin (HF-CAP) groups. Mean body weight gain (MBWG) of HF group was higher than that of NF group. However, in HF-CAP group, MBWG was lower than that of HF group. CCK-IR in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), median eminence (ME), arcuate nucleus (ARC) and amygdala was not prominent in all the groups. In cerebral cortex, CCK-IR was more reduced in HF-CAP group than in the other groups. In the HF-CAP group, NPY-IR in the hypothalamic nuclei, amygdala and cerebral cortex was more poorly found than in the NF and HF groups. It is concluded that (1) NPY-IR may react more sensitively on capsaicin than CCK-IR, (2) no rapid increase of body weight in capsaicin treated rats may result from the diminished food intake through the low expression of NPY in hypothalamus in HF-CAP group. 相似文献
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《Research in veterinary science》2014,96(3):447-453
Topical capsaicin is a well-established model of experimental hyperalgesia. Its application to the study of animals has been limited to few species. The effect of topical capsaicin on hyperalgesia in porcine skin was evaluated as part of a study of inflammatory pain in the pig. Two experiments were carried out on pigs of 27 ± 5 kg (n = 8) and 57 ± 3 kg (n = 16). Thermal and mechanical noxious stimuli were provided (CO2 laser and Pressure Application Measurement device) to assess avoidance behaviours. Capsaicin induced significant thermal hyperalgesia in the smaller pigs (P < 0.05), while no mechanical hyperalgesia was observed in either animal group. The present model of topical capsaicin application may be useful to investigate the mechanisms of primary hyperalgesia in this species, although some experimental conditions, such as the administration route and cutaneous morphology, need to be evaluated. 相似文献
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Meunier JP Cardot JM Manzanilla EG Wysshaar M Alric M 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(10):2699-2710
The aim of this study was to develop sustained release microspheres of capsicum oleoresin as an alternative to in-feed additives. Two spray-cooling technologies, a fluidized air bed using a spray nozzle system and a vibrating nozzle system placed on top of a cooling tower, were used to microencapsulate 20% of capsicum oleoresin in a hydrogenated, rapeseed oil matrix. Microencapsulation was intended to reduce the irritating effect of capsicum oleoresin and to control its release kinetics during consumption by the animal. Particles produced by the fluidized air bed process (batch F1) ranged from 180 to 1,000 microm in size. The impact of particle size on release of capsaicin, the main active compound of capsicum oleoresin, was studied after sieving batch F1 to obtain 4 formulations: F1a (180 to 250 microm), F1b (250 to 500 microm), F1c (500 to 710 microm), and F1d (710 to 1,000 microm). The vibrating nozzle system can produce a monodispersive particle size distribution. In this study, particles of 500 to 710 microm were made (batch F2). The release kinetics of the formulations was estimated in a flow-through cell dissolution apparatus (CFC). The time to achieve a 90% dissolution value (T90%) of capsaicin for subbatches of F1 increased with the increase in particle size (P < 0.05), with the greatest value of 165.5 +/- 13.2 min for F1d. The kinetics of dissolution of F2 was slower than all F1 subbatches, with a T90% of 422.7 +/- 30.0 min. Nevertheless, because CFC systems are ill suited for experiments with solid feed and thus limit their predictive values, follow-up studies were performed on F1c and F2 using an in vitro dynamic model that simulated more closely the digestive environment. For both formulations a lower quantity of capsaicin dialyzed was recorded under fed condition vs. fasting condition with 46.9% +/- 1.0 vs. 74.7% +/- 2.7 for F1c and 32.4% +/- 1.4 vs. 44.2% +/- 2.6 for F2, respectively. This suggests a possible interaction between capsaicin and the feed matrix. Moreover, 40.4 +/- 3.9% of the total capsaicin intake in F2 form was dialyzed after 8 h of digestion when feed had been granulated vs. 32.4 +/- 1.4% when feed had not been granulated, which suggests that the feed granulation process could lead to a partial degradation of the microspheres and to a limitation of the sustained release effect. This study demonstrates the potential and the limitations of spray-cooling technology to encapsulate feed additives. 相似文献
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Boudaka A Wörl J Shiina T Saito S Atoji Y Kobayashi H Shimizu Y Takewaki T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(4):365-372
Transient receptor potential ion channel of the vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1)-dependent pathway, consisting of capsaicin-sensitive tachykininergic primary afferent and myenteric nitrergic neurons, was suggested to mediate the inhibitory effect of capsaicin on the vagally mediated striated muscle contractions in the rat esophagus. These primary afferent neurons upon entering into the esophagus are distributed through the myenteric plexus, terminating either in the myenteric ganglia or en route to the mucosa where they branch into a delicate net of fine varicose fibers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the mucosal primary afferents are a main mediator for the capsaicin inhibitory influence on vagally mediated contractions in the mouse esophagus. For this purpose, the vagally induced contractile activity of a thoracic esophageal segment was measured in the circular direction with a force transducer. Vagal stimulation (30 microsec, 25 V, 1-50 Hz for 1 sec) produced monophasic contractile responses, whose amplitudes were frequency-dependent. These contractions were completely abolished by d-tubocurarine (5 microM) while resistant to atropine (1 microM) and hexamethonium (100 microM). Capsaicin (30 microM) significantly inhibited the vagally induced contractions in esophagi with intact mucosa while its effect on preparations without mucosa was insignificant. Additionally, immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of TRPV1-positive nerve fibers in the tunica mucosa. Taken together, we conclude that in the mouse esophagus, capsaicin inhibits the vagally mediated striated muscle contractions mainly through its action on mucosal primary afferents, which in turn activate the presumed inhibitory local reflex arc. 相似文献