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1.
粗山羊草(Aegliops tauschii)是普通小麦遗传改良的重要基因资源.随机选取8份粗山羊草对普通小麦的211对SSR引物进行了引物筛选.选取稳定清晰、有特异带的32对SSR引物对78份粗山羊草进行多样性分析,共扩增出308个等位位点,平均每对SSR引物扩增出8.14个等位位点,其中A组引物、B组引物和D组引物分别扩增出39个、51个和212个等位位点,平均每个组等位位点分别为5.57个、6.38个和12.47个,D组引物检测到遗传变异最丰富,说明粗山羊草D组的同源性与普通小麦的D组同源性最高,同时,能在A、B引物中扩出特异性条带,说明粗山羊草D组与普通小麦的A、B基因组也有一定的同源性.UPGMA聚类结果表明,78份粗山羊草在遗传相似系数0.77时聚为6个主要类群,而且遗传聚类关系与材料的地理来源有一定的相关性. 相似文献
2.
为降低合成引物成本,加快杂交玉米品种鉴定进程,筛选适用于云南玉米杂交种SSR标记鉴定的核心引物。本研究用玉米SSR标记鉴定规程中推荐的40对SSR引物对12个杂交玉米品种DNA进行扩增,筛选出多态性高、扩增效果好、稳定性好的20对引物,推荐其作为云南玉米杂交种特异性鉴定的核心引物。并用筛选的核心引物对云南220个杂交玉米材料进行多样性分析及评价。筛选的20对SSR引物在12个杂交玉米品种中共检测到216个等位变异,平均每对引物检测到10.80个。20对SSR核心引物在220个杂交玉米材料中共检测到236个等位变异,平均每对引物检测到11.80个;平均有效等位变异为3.158 8;平均Shannon-Weaver多样性信息指数为3.028 2。聚类分析表明,220个杂交玉米材料间的相似系数为0.62~0.95。以0.62为阈值可将220个杂交玉米材料划分为两大类群,第Ⅰ类群包括10个玉米材料,占4.5%;第Ⅱ类群包括210个玉米材料,占95.5%。本研究筛选的20对SSR引物多态性高、扩增效果好、稳定性好,可作为云南玉米杂交种特异性鉴定的核心引物。 相似文献
3.
利用与玉米株高穗位高相关的SSR标记,对138份吉林省玉米育种的骨干自交系进行遗传多样性分析,并通过UPGMA方法对自交系进行聚类分析,同时对3个旅大红骨改良系的遗传组成进行解析,旨在为亲本选配提供依据。结果表明,扩增带型稳定的20对株高穗位高相关的SSR引物,检测出114个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出2~12个等位基因,平均等位基因数目为5.7个。每对引物多态性信息含量(PIC)变异范围为0.028~0.78,平均多态性信息含量为0.517,几大类群的多态性信息含量的顺序为旅大红骨类群(0.47)Lancaster类群(0.42)塘四平头类群(0.41)reid类群(0.35)。聚类分析表明,供试玉米可划分为2个大群,4个亚群,其中lancaster类群与其他类群亲缘关系较远。此外,3个旅大红骨改良系遗传解析的结果证明,分子标记辅助选择在数量性状遗传改良上具有实际应用价值。本研究结果为玉米株型改良育种提供了依据。 相似文献
4.
利用SSR标记分析小麦骨干亲本阿夫及衍生品种(系)的遗传多样性和变化趋势 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
阿夫(Funo)是1956年从国外引进的小麦品种,具有穗大粒多、高抗条锈病、适应性强等特点,是我国麦区进行小麦品种改良的骨干亲本。为探讨小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)骨干亲本阿夫衍生品种(系)间的遗传多样性及变化趋势,从304对引物中筛选出稳定、清晰,有阿夫特异条带的分布于小麦各染色体上的29对SSR引物,对阿夫及衍生品种(系)共200份材料进行了分析。共检测出197个等位变异,每个SSR引物的等位变异范围为3~15个,平均7.41个,其中分布频率低于5%的等位变异数占14.21%,等位位点数在阿夫及衍生品种(系)中有逐代下降的趋势;多态性信息指数(PIC)为0.5499~0.9082,平均为0.7763,PIC在阿夫及衍生品种(系)中有较高含量。3个基因组的SSR位点平均等位变异丰富度分别为7.14、7.73和7.00(B>A>D),平均遗传多样性指数则为0.7687、0.7763和0.7517(B>A>D),B基因组的遗传多样性最丰富。7个部分同源群的平均等位变异丰富度从高到低依次为:第6群>第2群=第4群>第1群=第3群>第7群>第5群;平均遗传多样性指数从高到低依次为:第2群>第7群>第6群>第4群>第1群>第3群>第5群。结合上述2个指标分析,第5部分同源群多样性最低。SSR标记Xgwm268、Xgwm400、Xwmc398、Xwmc125、Xwmc817、Xgwm272和Xgwm383的阿夫特异带型在其衍生品种(系)出现的频率较高,但在不同基因组和染色体间的遗传贡献率存在差异。200份材料间的遗传相似性系数(Gs)在0.4162~0.9442之间,平均为0.6619。从子一代到子四代各衍生世代的Gs变幅逐渐缩小,品种间的遗传相似性呈逐渐上升趋势。非加权平均法(UPGMA)聚类结果表明,在Gs0.624处,供试材料被聚为5个主要类群,其中180(90.0%)份材料被聚在同一类群类,说明阿夫衍生品种(系)之间的遗传差异较小,遗传基础较狭窄。研究结果从分子水平揭示了小麦骨干亲本阿夫衍生品种(系)的遗传多样性和演变规律,鉴定出7个在衍生后代遗传率较高的染色体位点,为进一步解析骨干亲本阿夫的遗传基础提供了参考依据。 相似文献
5.
利用79对SSR引物对黄淮麦区129份种质资源进行了分析。结果表明, 79对引物共检测到335个等位变异，每个引物检测到的等位变异数目2～8个，平均4.240个，变异最大的位点主要位于B组染色体上。79个SSR位点的遗传多态性信息含量在0.015～0.820之间，平均0.498。种质资源间的遗传相似系数在0.253～0.909之间，平均0.492。聚类分析把这些种质资源分为4大类和7个亚类。聚类结果与地域并不吻合，但能较好地反映出亲本的特性和其间的亲缘关系。关键词：黄淮麦区；小麦；种质资源；遗传多样性；SSR标记；聚类分析 相似文献
6.
SSR和SRAP标记研究油菜杂交种骨干亲本的遗传多样性 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
用SSR和SRAP两种分子标记方法研究51份甘蓝型油菜杂交种亲本系的遗传多样性,并对两种分子标记研究结果进行比较。结果发现,在51份材料中,45对SSR引物共扩增出194条多态性条带,平均每对引物为4.3条,25对SRAP引物共扩增出197条多态性条带,平均每对引物为7.9条。UPGMA聚类分析表明,SSR和SRAP标记都可将51份亲本材料划分为五大类群,本所选育的玻里马细胞质雄性不育系（Polima CMS）的主要保持系和恢复系都聚在同一类群的不同亚群中。根据系谱资料分析发现,SRAP标记划分的类群与系谱资料更为接近,SRAP标记更适用于遗传关系较近材料的遗传多样性分析。SRAP标记揭示的亲本间遗传距离要大于SSR标记揭示的遗传距离。两种不同标记方法揭示出油菜亲本遗传多样性的差异主要是由不同的标记方法揭示的标记位点等位基因变异数不同造成的。 相似文献
7.
为了建立河南粳稻品种的DNA指纹图谱,了解河南粳稻种植品种的遗传多样性,本研究利用均匀分布于水稻(Oryza sativaL.)12条染色体的37对SSR引物,以河南1963～2010年间主要推广种植的37个粳稻(O.sativaL.ssp.japonica)品种为材料,进行简单序列重复(SSR)指纹图谱构建和遗传多样性分析。结果表明,33对引物具有特异多态性片段,共检测到114个等位基因,平均每位点3.53个等位基因;引物多态性频率为0.054～0.739。37个品种的遗传相似系数为0.627～0.992,平均为0.812。17个品种都至少具有1对SSR特征引物,其余20个品种的鉴定需要结合不同的SSR引物。利用19对核心SSR引物构建的指纹图谱能逐一区分出36个粳稻品种。采用非加权类平均法(UPGMA)进行聚类分析,在遗传相似系数0.710处可将37个品种分为2大类,河南选育品种基本都聚到同一大类群,表明河南推广的粳稻品种遗传基础狭窄。 相似文献
8.
EST-SSRs检测油菜（Brassica napus）亲本遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
油菜EST-SSRs是从油菜ESTs序列（表达序列标签）中开发的一种新型SSR 标记。这种新型分子标记来源于表达基因, 将其用于油菜遗传研究可直接反映相关基因在不同油菜品种间的表达差异。本研究采用21对油菜EST-SSRs标记检测了42个油菜品种（系）的遗传多样性。这些油菜EST-SSRs引物均可获得清晰的产物, 共检测到85个等位位点, 其中有49个等位变异, 占了总检测位点的57.65%。应用NTSYS 软件的聚类方法分析, 结果表明：42份材料遗传距离范围为0.0087-0.1885, 在遗传距离0.1508下, 可把份材料分为 5 组, 基本反映了品种（系）的地源差异。 相似文献
9.
为揭示西藏玉米地方品种与我国常用玉米优势群间的遗传关系,挖掘西藏玉米地方品种的遗传潜能,以69份西藏玉米地方代表品种和代表我国常用玉米优势群体的10个骨干自交系为试验材料,选用均匀覆盖玉米染色体组的40对核心SSR引物,采用多重荧光PCR技术与毛细管电泳荧光检测相结合的方法,检测西藏玉米地方品种的遗传多样性及其与骨干自交系间的遗传关系。结果表明,69份西藏玉米地方品种中共检测到364个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出3~23个等位基因,平均9.1个,平均多态性信息量为0.693,遗传多态性高于我国西南区玉米地方品种的多样性水平,支持我国玉米由印度经西藏传入四川的论点。依据79份参试材料的Roger遗传距离采用类平均法将参试材料划分为5个类群,各类群中西藏玉米地方品种与骨干自交系间的遗传相似系数变化介于0.09~0.58之间,平均值为0.26,表明西藏玉米地方品种与国内玉米现代品种及核心地方品种间的亲缘关系较远。本试验初步推断西藏玉米地方品种可能具有独立的遗传演化系统,且基于SSR分析结果,确定了西藏玉米地方品种多态性及其与骨干自交系间的亲缘关系,为我国优势玉米种群的发掘和改良提供了理论参考。 相似文献
10.
为了探索中国大蒜种质个体的SSR位点的分布情况,为品种鉴定、保存及遗传改良提供分子生物学依据,利用6对SSR引物对40个大蒜(Allium sativumL.)品种进行聚类分析、主成分分析及遗传多样性评价。共检测到21个多态性位点,平均每对引物可扩增出约3.5条多态性片段,多态性百分率为56.76%;SSR引物组合平均有效等位基因数、Nei基因多样度和Shannon信息指数分别为1.5551、0.3414和0.5188。聚类分析显示,6对SSR引物可把40份大蒜种质资源从0.59相似系数水平上3个类群。第一类群包含28份种质,在相似系数为0.73的水平上进一步又被分成了3个亚类;第二亚类仅包含2份种质;第三亚类包含10份种质,在0.68的相似系数水平上分成了2个亚类。主成分分析和UPGMA的结果基本一致。不同地理来源的大蒜种质的Shannon-Weaver多样性指数的变幅为0.0576~0.4179,说明大蒜种质遗传多样性丰富。本研究利用SSR分子标记技术较准确地解析大蒜不同材料间的亲缘关系及遗传多样性,为中国大蒜SSR分子标记提供基础资料。 相似文献
11.
Svetlana Landjeva Viktor Korzun Ganka Ganeva 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(8):1605-1614
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used to study the genetic diversity within old and modern Bulgarian winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties released in 20th century. A set of 91 varieties were screened by 19 wheat microsatellite markers (WMS), covering
17 wheat chromosomes, and one secalin-specific marker for rye chromosome arm 1RS. A total of 136 allelic variants were detected
at 22 loci, ranging from 2 to 11, with an average of 6.8 alleles per marker. For 7 markers, null alleles were detected. The
occurrence of rare alleles (frequency <2%) was observed for 13 markers. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values
of the markers ranged from 0.10 (WMS0165 on 4AS) to 0.81 (WMS0437 on 7DL) with an average of 0.51. Approximately 74% of the
varieties, mostly non-commercial, showed heterogeneity, with an average level of 10.1%. For the majority of markers, the relative
frequencies of alleles varied considerably among different groups of varieties, revealing the effects of different selection
between breeding centres. Some alleles, present in old genotypes, were lost, and new alleles have been introduced into modern
varieties. Genetic diversity values over different periods of release were high, starting at 0.64 for varieties developed
before 1960 to reach 0.71 in 1990s, revealing no declining trends in the diversity due to breeding activity. The cluster analysis
discriminated all varieties (except for two) and revealed distinct groups of old and modern varieties, released from the main
breeding centres in Northern, Southern and Western Bulgaria. 相似文献
12.
Arvindkumar Salunkhe Shubhada Tamhankar Sujata Tetali Maria Zaharieva David Bonnett Richard Trethowan Satish Misra 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(1):165-174
Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) is still largely cultivated in India, and highly appreciated for the preparation of traditional dishes. Moreover, its nutritional characteristics could justify a development of its cultivation. The perspective of genetic improvement however requires a good knowledge of the genetic diversity existing within the eco-geographic group of Indian emmer wheats. A set of 48 emmer wheat accessions from India including 28 from a local collection and 20 Indian accessions obtained from CIMMYT, Mexico, was assessed for genetic variability using 47 microsatellite (SSR) markers, distributed over all the 14 chromosomes. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 9, with an average of 3.87 alleles per locus. A total of 201 alleles were detected at 52 loci with average polymorphic information content of 0.35 per locus and a mean resolving power of 1. The pair-wise similarity coefficients calculated from binary data matrix based on presence or absence of alleles varied from 0.15 to 0.98, but was greater than 0.5 for most accessions, indicating a high level of similarity. A cluster analysis based on the similarity matrix identified nine distinct accessions and three clusters. All the recently developed commercial varieties were distinctly different from the clusters. Based on the analysis, it appears that Indian emmer wheats are not very diverse. Consequently, there is a need to increase the diversity within the Indian emmer wheat eco-geographic group, by introducing diversity from other eco-geographic groups, or even from other wheat species. 相似文献
13.
Yongbing Zhang Xiangbin Fan Yasheng Aierken Xinli Ma Hongping Yi Mingzhu Wu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(5):1023-1035
We investigated the genetic variation and relationships among 35 melon landraces collected from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in northwestern China by using 19 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs). A total of 55 polymorphic alleles were amplified. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 2 to 5 with an average of 2.89 alleles per locus. The average gene diversity (GD) was 0.42 with a range of 0.06–0.71, and the average observed heterozygosity was 0.22 with a range of 0.06–0.97, indicating that the genetic diversity among the Xinjiang melon landraces was abundant. Genetic variation was also detected between the landrace populations in different regions in Xinjiang. The most abundant genetic diversity was observed among the landraces in Eastern Xinjiang, with the highest GD of 0.45 and PIC of 0.39. Eleven alleles (20 %) were found exclusively in the landraces from Eastern Xinjiang, and two alleles (3.6 %) were unique to the landraces from Southern and Northern Xinjiang. The genetic similarity matrix was defined on the basis of Jaccard coefficient to determine the genetic relationships among Xinjiang landraces. Cluster analysis was performed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means, showing that the ‘wild Hami’ (XJ-34) landrace was distinct from the 34 other landraces that were divided into three clusters. Therefore, the genetic background of XJ-34 differed from that of the other landraces. The landraces were not precisely separated on the basis of their geographic origins, although most of these landraces were likely grouped near one another, as visualized through principal coordinate analysis. Thus, western China is one of the primary or secondary centers of melon diversity because of the relatively higher genetic variation detected among Xinjiang landraces. Except the ‘wild Hami’ landrace, Xinjiang melon landraces could be classified into two botanical varieties, namely, var. inodorus and var. cantalupensis. However, the distinction between these two genotypes was not significantly different. 相似文献
14.
Nakamura H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(12):5273-5277
Seed storage proteins of Japanese wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to identify the alleles for complex gene loci, Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1, which code for high molecular weight (HMW) subunits of glutenin in Japanese hexaploid wheat varieties. These were identified by comparison of subunit mobility with those previously found in hexaploid wheat. Twenty-four different, major glutenin HMW subunits were identified, and each variety contained three to five subunits. Seventeen different glutenin subunit patterns were observed for 14 alleles in Japanese varieties. A catalog of alleles for the complex gene loci, Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1, that code for HMW subunits of glutenin in hexaploid wheat was compiled. Japanese varieties showed some special allelic variation in glutenin HMW subunits that was different from those in hexaploid wheats of other countries. 相似文献
15.
安徽省冬小麦品种生态气候适宜性分析和精细化区划 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用安徽省78个气象站1971-2000年冬小麦生长阶段气象资料和地理信息,选取影响冬小麦品种分布和生长的主要气象因子建立区划指标,采用多元回归模型和GIS空间内插技术对指标要素栅格化,并通过温度和水分两级指标,形成千米网格的安徽省冬小麦品种生态气候适宜性精细化区划图,用安徽省耕地数据掩膜(mask)得到相应耕地意义的区划分布图,并进行分区评述。结果表明,以气温和降水为指标,可将安徽省冬小麦品种的生态气候适宜性划分为5大区11个亚区,分区结果能反映气候变暖背景下安徽省冬小麦生态气候适宜性的分布特点以及各区域温度适宜性和水分适宜性的差异。因冬季气温的南北差异,安徽省适宜种植的冬小麦品种自北向南冬性程度降低。冬小麦生产中的主要问题是水分失衡,北部水分不足,南部过多,制约了稳产高产。根据区划结果,应增强北部冬小麦主产区的抗旱能力,适当扩大沿淮和江淮丘陵北部地区半冬性品种种植面积,尽量压缩南部地区冬小麦种植面积,以全面提高安徽省冬小麦生产水平。 相似文献
16.
The present work was carried out to study genetic diversity among 17 populations of wild emmer wheat sampled from South-eastern Turkey, considered to be an important region for domestication of wheat. Eleven RFLP clones and 4 restriction enzymes combinations were used to probe the genomic DNA. A total of 151 polymorphic loci were obtained from the enzyme-probe combinations. The Genetic Distance (GD) values were from 0.019 (Gaziantep-3 and Sanliurfa-4) to 0.200 (Gaziantep-1 and K. Maras). Cluster analysis results showed that populations formed 2 clades within the dendrogram. Population Gaziantep-1 was unique and genetically most diverse from the remaining 16 populations. The results of average genetic distance (GD) among populations suggested that narrow genetic variability exist among 17 populations in the present study. 相似文献
17.
Li Gong Harry S. Paris Gertraud Stift Martin Pachner Johann Vollmann Tamas Lelley 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(4):1531-1546
Genetic relationships among 88 accessions from nine of the dozen species of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) were assessed from polymorphisms at 74 SSR (simple sequence repeat) loci originating from C. pepo and C. moschata, yielding a total of 315 alleles distributed among 17 linkage groups, with an average of 4.3 alleles per locus. Genetic distance (GD) values were calculated, a principal coordinate analysis conducted, and a dendrogram constructed. Average within-species genetic distance values ranged from 0.07 for C. ecuadorensis and C. ficifolia to 0.46 for C. pepo. Each species was clearly defined, as all mean within-species GD values were lower than the respective mean between-species GD values. C. okeechobeensis had the most central position in the genus Cucurbita, with the lowest average GD to the other species, 0.61. C. foetidissima, the only xerophytic species examined, was the most distant, with a mean GD of 0.73 to the other species. C. pepo and C. ficifolia were the most outlying of the mesophytic species. Mean across-species GDs generally corresponded with crossability. However, there were some outstandingly low GD values between particular accessions of Cucurbita pepo, the economically most important species, and disease-resistant wild species, particularly C. okeechobeensis but also C. foetidissima. The results suggest that more intensive search and collection of C. okeechobeensis populations would likely yield genotypes that are more compatible with C. pepo. Moreover, successful application of genetic resources in the genus Cucurbita might be facilitated by using GD values obtained from SSR polymorphisms as a guide in choosing parents for interspecific crossing. 相似文献
18.
通过2003—2004年不同播期和种植密度试验，确定黑龙江省主栽大豆新品种的适宜播期为4月下旬；由于种植密度不同，直接影响光照在植株群体中的分布，导致植株群体间小气侯环境的差异，最终影响产量。试验确定合丰45号、47号大豆品种适宜种植密度在25万株/hm^2左右，合辐93154—2大豆品种适宜种植密度在25~35万株／hm^2时产量最高。 相似文献