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噬菌体控制致病性大肠杆菌的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《畜牧与兽医》2017,(12):140-144
大肠杆菌是引起细菌类食物中毒的主要原因之一,近年来,由大肠杆菌引起的食品安全事件频发,严重危害人类健康。各国科学家相继从肉类、蔬菜水果和牛奶等食品,或养殖场中分离得到了一些血清型的致病性大肠杆菌,其中最常见、流行最广泛的有O157:H7,K88,K99,O149等。然而,由抗生素滥用导致的耐药菌株出现,以及在动物饲养方面,抗生素种类和用量上的限制,使得人们对致病性大肠杆菌的控制更加困难。噬菌体是细菌的天敌,具有感染并裂解细菌的功能,与抗生素相比,噬菌体制剂具有特异性强、自我增殖快、研发时间短等优点,因此近年来噬菌体作为控制致病性大肠杆菌的研究受到广泛关注。本文就噬菌体在致病性大肠杆菌的生物防控方面的应用研究进展作一综述,以期为噬菌体及其制剂在保障动物性食品安全及动物疾病治疗领域的深入研究提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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<正>噬菌体是一类能够寄生于细菌、放线菌及蓝细菌等微生物的病毒,又被称为细菌病毒,其体积微小并可通过细菌滤器,没有完整的细胞结构,是由英国科学家Twort在培养葡萄球菌的过程中偶然发现的[1]。噬菌体有着广泛的应用前景,最引人注目的还是其能够裂解细菌的特性,可以应用于细菌病的预防和治疗。不过用噬菌体治疗作为一种新兴的方法更多地只是停留在研究方面。因为噬菌体治疗有其缺点,即噬菌体裂解细菌的作用具有严格的宿主特异性;所以能否对症下药是保证用噬菌体治疗效果的关键。 相似文献
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治疗性噬菌体制剂研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
细菌性疾病一直是困扰养殖业发展的主要问题之一,治疗的常用方法是使用抗生素,但随着耐药菌的大量出现,抗生素已无法达到理想的治疗效果,噬菌体制剂作为一种新的治疗手段已受到越来越广泛的关注。虽然噬菌体制剂的早期研究工作并不理想,而且一度被认为是没有前途的,但近期的研究表明,噬菌体制剂不但有许多抗生素无法比较的优势,而且只要对其进行正确的处理,是可以在治疗中发挥其应有的作用的。国外某些研究机构已开始研制噬菌体制剂,有些国家的噬菌体制剂已经应用于临床治疗并取得了比较理想的治疗效果。 相似文献
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噬菌体制剂的研究现状及发展前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
噬菌体制剂是利用噬菌体溶解细胞的特性而用于治疗动物的病原菌的临床感染。早在20世纪初,噬菌体治疗就取得了积极的治疗效果。目前传统抗生素治疗动物细菌感染时易产生耐药性,而噬菌体制剂则表现出许多突出的优越性。从噬菌体的生物学特性,噬菌体制剂的作用机制,以及噬菌体制剂的发展状况和应用前景等方面进行了论述。 相似文献
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During the last years, bacteriophages have been used as valuable tool in microbiological diagnostics and basic research. Even though the potential of bacteriophages for fighting bacterial pathogens is known for a long time, the phage therapy is not used in daily routine worldwide. Due to the continuing spread of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials and an increasing awareness of the necessity to protect consumers' health, the phage therapy meanwhile has become a subject of major interest in veterinary medicine, too.This article is meant to present fields of application for phage therapy as well as current trends of development in the field of livestock animals. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the lytic activity of three bacteriophages on Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from humans and pigs. The Y. enterocolitica strains tested belonged to 0:3, 0:9 and 0:2 serogroups. The ZD5 phage was obtained from a water sample, but remaining phages were obtained from the lysogenic Y. frederiksenii 7291 and Y. enterocolitica 8684 strains. All the Y. enterocolitica strains tested which belonged to 0:9 serogroup did not show any susceptibility to the bacteriophages used. The bacteriophages tested showed different lytic activity on the Y. enterocolitica 0:3 strains investigated. The phage susceptibility of Y. enterocolitica 0:3 strains revealed 9 different phage patterns. ZD5 phage showed the highest lytic activity, because it produced confluent lysis of the most Y. enterocolitica 0:3 strains tested. The Y. enterocolitica 0:2 strains isolated from pigs showed the similar phage susceptibility. The Y. kristensenii and Y. pseudotuberculosis strains tested were not sensitive to the bacteriophages used. 相似文献
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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are a subgroup of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) that are able to cause serious food-borne intestinal diseases which can be followed in 5 to 15% by extraintestinal sequelae such as the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). One of the major pathogenicity factors of EHEC is the production of one or more Shiga toxins (Stx), which act as inhibitors of protein biosynthesis and have profound effects on the signal transduction and immunological response in eukaryotic cells. The stx genes are located in the genome of heterogeneous, lambdoid, functional or cryptic bacteriophages and are expressed during the phage life cycle. Due to the linkage between the phage life cycle and stx expression, STEC and their bacteriophages are useful as a model for the analysis of stress response and virulence of this food-borne pathogen. 相似文献
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人与动物的微生物群落在黏膜器官分布最多。近年来的研究表明，噬菌体可黏附于黏膜表面从而抵抗病原菌的侵袭；同时，噬菌体还可跨黏膜转位进入机体，并随血液迁移至其他部位的组织器官，进一步引起机体的免疫反应，包括促炎和抗炎反应，从而对机体整体免疫产生影响。机体免疫系统可通过吞噬作用或产生特异性抗体来清除这些进入体内的噬菌体。目前，关于噬菌体转位及进入机体后与免疫系统互作的研究还比较缺乏。本文综述了近些年噬菌体黏附于黏膜并跨黏膜转位进入循环系统以及噬菌体进入机体后对整体免疫影响的研究进展，以期为今后更广泛深入地研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Of 62 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from milk samples of dairy-cows with staphylococcic mastitis from five agricultural enterprises, 68 p. c. could be typified as bacteriophages. In 42 typified strains, altogether 17 different phage pictures were found, in which case, in the different agricultural enterprises, the number of phage picture fluctuated between 1 and 8. Phage picture 42 D was found and dominated in all the agricultural enterprises. Of the typified strains, 76% could be ranked only into one phage group and 24% in the "M" group (= miscellaneous). Of 32 typified strains, 56.3% belonged to phage group IV, 25% to group III, 12.5% to group I, and 6.2% to group II. 相似文献
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Of 62 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from milk samples of dairy-cows with staphylococcic mastitis from five agricultural enterprises, 68 p. c. could be typified as bacteriophages. In 42 typified strains, altogether 17 different phage pictures were found, in which case, in the different agricultural enterprises, the number of phage picture fluctuated between 1 and 8. Phage picture 42 D was found and dominated in all the agricultural enterprises. Of the typified strains, 76% could be ranked only into one phage group and 24% in the "M" group (= miscellaneous). Of 32 typified strains, 56.3% belonged to phage group IV, 25% to group III, 12.5% to group I, and 6.2% to group II. 相似文献
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以犬源奇异变形杆菌为宿主菌,从城市污水中分离出奇异变形杆菌噬菌体,研究其生物学特性及对生物被膜的作用,为治疗和控制奇异变形杆菌感染提供基础。采用双层平板培养法从污水中分离、纯化噬菌体,并观察噬菌斑特征。通过透射电镜观察纯化后噬菌体的形态特征。测定噬菌体的最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、热稳定性、酸碱稳定性、核酸类型、最佳保存条件及对生物被膜的抑制和清除效果。成功分离出3株奇异变形杆菌的噬菌体,分别命名为vB_PmM_S、vB_PmM_W和vB_PmM_X。噬菌体噬菌斑透明、无晕且边缘整齐;电镜观察显示,噬菌体的头部呈二十面体的立体对称,直径（30±3）nm;噬菌体的最佳感染复数为0.001;一步生长曲线的结果表明,vB_PmM_S潜伏期约为20 min,爆发期约为35 min,平均裂解量为70 PFU·cell-1;3株噬菌体在10~60℃、pH 5.0~8.0滴度稳定;短期内可以将噬菌体（vB_PmM_S）置于SM液直接保存在4℃,长期保存可采用甘油（30%）或者DMSO（5%）置于-80℃。噬菌体鸡尾酒能够破坏奇异变形杆菌生物被膜,预防生物被膜形成。本文分离纯化的3株裂解性噬菌体为奇异变形杆菌及其引起的泌尿系统感染的治疗奠定了基础。 相似文献
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We investigated the feasibility of bacteriophage therapy to combat canine and feline Escherichia coli urinary tract infections (UTIs) by testing the in vitro lytic ability of 40 naturally occurring bacteriophages on 53 uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). The mean number of UPEC strains lysed by an individual bacteriophage was 21/53 (40%, range 17-72%). In total, 50/53 (94%) of the UPEC strains were killed by one or more of the bacteriophages. Ten bacteriophages lysed 51% of UPEC strains individually and 92% of UPEC strains as a group. Electron microscopy and DNA sequencing of 5 'promising' bacteriophages revealed that 4 bacteriophages belonged to the lytic T4-like genus, while one displayed morphologic similarity to temperate P2-like bacteriophages. Overall, these results indicate that the majority of UPEC are susceptible to lysis by naturally occurring bacteriophages. Thus, bacteriophages show promise as therapeutic agents for treatment of canine and feline E. coli UTIs. 相似文献
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SONG Jun XU Ruoyang JIN Yuqi CHEN Li WANG Yuhui RUAN Hongri ZHENG Jiasan WU Rui 《畜牧兽医学报》1956,51(11):2785-2793
The present study aimed to isolate phages that could lyse Proteus mirabilis from sewage in Daqing, Heilongjiang, and analyze their biological characteristics and effects on biofilm and provide the basic data for phage therapy as well as prevention. Phages were isolated and purified from sewage by double plate culture method, and their plaque morphology were observed. Morphological characteristics of purified phages were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), one-step growth curve, thermal stability, pH, nucleic acids analysis and the inhibition and removal effect of biofilm were determined. Three lytic of bacteriophages of Proteus mirabilis were successfully isolated and purified, and named as vB_PmM_S, vB_PmM_W and vB_PmM_X. The phage plaques were circular, clear and transparent with smooth edge. The electron microscope observation showed that the phage particles, those head was twenty-side, head length was about (30±3) nm. The optical MOI was 0.001, the incubation period was 20 min, the burst period was 35 min, and the burst size was 70 PFU·cell-1. The phages could withstand the temperature range from 10 to 60 ℃ and keep stable titer under pH 5.0-8.0. The phage vB_PmM_S can be stored at 4 ℃ in SM solution for a short time, and stored at -80 ℃ in glycerin (30%) or DMSO (5%) for a long time. The mixture of three bacteriophages can inhibit the biofilm formation and remove the biofilm. The results laid the foundation for the treatment of Proteus mirabilis and urinary tract infections. 相似文献
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Phillip H. Mann Lewis J. Griffith William Ostrander George Bjotvedt 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1965,29(11):292-293
One hundred and thirty-seven coagulase-positive strains of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from dogs, were tested against three synthetic penicillins (cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, and ampicillin) and also phage typed using bacteriophages which are employed in typing staphylococci isolated from man. 相似文献