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1.
南安市丘陵旱地甘薯氮磷钾适宜配比的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过在南安市丘陵旱地三种不同类型土壤上布置“3417”设计的平衡施肥田间肥料试验，验证NPK肥的施用效果，建立甘薯产量和施肥利润与N、P、K施用量的数学模型，得出在该条件下的甘薯适宜施肥量和比例。结果表明，甘薯施用NPK肥料均获得一定幅度的增产增值效果。获得最高产量的施肥量为154．3～173．6kg／hm^2N，44．4～75．3kg／hm^P2O5，193．1～245．3kg／hm^2K2O，N：P205：K2O=1：0．26～0．43：1．24～1．41；最佳经济施肥量为140．0～162．0kg／hm^2N，40．8～67．0kg／hm^2P2O5，199．8～227．3kg／hm^2K2O，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．25～0．41：1．23～1．64。低产田土壤适当增施N肥，P、K比例可以低些，中高产田土壤P、K比例要高些。 相似文献
2.
宣威市紫色土辣椒氮磷钾肥配比试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对紫色土辣椒氮、磷、钾适宜施用量研究表明，紫色土氮磷钾肥对辣椒产量的影响顺序是磷肥〉氮肥〉钾肥。磷是限制辣椒产量的主导因子。在施用菜籽饼肥600kg／hm^2，折N31．2kg／hm^2、P2O5 11.7kg／hm^2、K2O 8．1kg／hm^2的基础上，辣椒产量≥20400kg／hm^2的氮磷钾优化组合施肥范围：N=113．9～204．6kg／hm^2，P2O5=145．9～177．2kg／hm^2，K2O=49．3～153．8kg／hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．87～1．28：0．43～0．75。建议氮、磷、钾肥适宜用量为：N159．2kg／hm^2，P2O5 161．5kg／hm^2，K2O 101．5kg／hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：1．01：0．64，辣椒最高产量预测值为21961．5kg／hm^2，施肥利润5417．7元／hm^2，投产比1：5．00。适量的氮、磷、钾营养使得养分比例平衡，有利于增加辣椒收果数，提高鲜椒产量，从而增加效益。 相似文献
3.
氮、磷、钾肥料施用对辣椒产量和经济效益的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
田间试验结果表明，氮肥对朝天椒的增产作用大于磷、钾肥，合适的配施氮、磷、钾增产效果显著，钾素含量较高的土壤栽种朝天椒的最佳施肥配比为N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．4～0．5：1．0～1．1，钾素含量较低的土壤施肥配比为N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．9：2时增产增收效益明显。研究结果对辣椒专用复合肥的开发应用、指导辣椒合理施肥等具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
应用最优混合设计研究氮磷钾不同配比对甘蔗产量和产糖量的效应 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用“311—A”最优混合设计进行田间试验，研究氮肥、磷肥、钾肥用量不同配比对甘蔗产量和产糖量的效应，通过运用统计分析软件对试验结果进行回归分析，建立多项式回归模型，寻求出甘蔗蔗茎产量及其产糖量的氮肥、磷肥、钾肥最佳组合范围及其最佳配比用量方案。在供试条件下，对于甘蔗产量的氮、磷、钾肥料用量最佳组合范围方案为：N=268．6～312．2kg／hm^2，P2O5=130．7～141．3kg／hm^2，K2O=322．4～344．8kg／hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．45～0．49：1．10～1．20，最高产量预测值为112．7t／hm^2；对于产糖量的最佳组合范围方案为：N=257．9～290．8kg／hm^2，P2O5=139．0～158．0kg/hm^2，K2O=325．3～350．6kg/hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．54：1．20～1．26，最高产糖量预测值为16．3t／hm^2。对于产量的经济最佳施肥量方案为：N=311．7kg/hm^2，P2O5=140．8kg/hm^2，K2O=344．4kg/hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．45：1．10；对于产糖量的经济最佳施肥量方案为：N=290．6kg／hm^2，P2O5=157．8kg／hm^2，K2O=350．4kg／hm^2，N：P2O5：K2O=1：0．54：1．21。 相似文献
5.
8年定位施肥试验结果表明，不施N肥，淮北变性土N素自然供给能力，第1年降为原来的64％，第2年则降为22％，此后，在20％左右振荡；不施P肥，土壤P素自然供给能力第1年后为95％，8年后逐渐下降为45％左右；不施K肥，土壤K素自然供给能力，第1年后为90％，8年后逐渐下降为60％～70％；而且，土壤P、K素自然供给能力对小麦、玉米有所差异。作物产量响应特点是，CK、N、NP、NK和PK处理区小麦、玉米产量分别为NPK全营养区的26．9％、54．3％、85．2％、53．2％、31．8％和21．4％、68．9％、73．5％、81．6％、28．0％。作物养分浓度响应特点是，施N或P肥提高了籽粒和秸秆的N或P养分浓度，施K肥对籽粒K浓度影响较小，但显著提高了秸秆K浓度。与试验前相比，8年后，土壤全氮含量，不施N处理区降低5％～10％，施N处理区增加12％～16．5％；土壤全磷含量，不施P处理区降低20％左右，施P处理区略有不同程度提高；土壤有效磷含量，不施P处理区降低75％～85％，施P处理提高56．9％～119．3％；土壤全钾含量变化不大；土壤速效钾含量，不施K肥处理区降低35％，NPK处理区降低5．9％，NK和PK处理区增加10％左右；土壤有机质含量，CK和PK处理区降低10％，其他处理基本持平。小麦和玉米对N、P、K肥的表观利用率分别为59．8％、47．3％、50．2％和51．1％、33．2％、49．5％。通过模拟，土壤有效磷消长与P素平衡盈亏的模型为，，（土壤有效磷消长）=0．1138x（P素平衡的盈亏）-0．406l（n=6，r=0．9594），土壤速效钾消长与K素盈亏的模型为y（土壤速效钾消长）=0．1075x（K素平衡的盈亏）-8．787l（n=6，r=0．9021）。 相似文献
6.
通过在南安市丘陵旱地三种不同类型土壤上布置"3417"设计的平衡施肥田间肥料试验,验证NPK肥的施用效果,建立甘薯产量和施肥利润与N、P、K施用量的数学模型,得出在该条件下的甘薯适宜施肥量和比例。结果表明,甘薯施用NPK肥料均获得一定幅度的增产增值效果。获得最高产量的施肥量为154 3～173 6kg/hm2N,44 4～75 3kg/hm2P2O5,193 1～245 3kg/hm2K2O,N P2O5 K2O=1 0 26～0 43 1 24～1 41;最佳经济施肥量为140 0～162 0kg/hm2N,40 8～67 0kg/hm2P2O5,199 8～227 3kg/hm2K2O,N P2O5 K2O=1 0 25～0 41 1 23～1 64。低产田土壤适当增施N肥,P、K比例可以低些,中高产田土壤P、K比例要高些。 相似文献
7.
试验研究建立了小白菜平衡施肥数学模型 ,并模拟出小白菜N、P、K肥施用量与产量及利润的回归方程 ,应用边际分析法获得小白菜最高产量施N肥量为 137 12kg/hm2 ,N∶P2 O5∶K2 O =1∶0 77∶0 98;最佳利润施N肥量为 12 3 74kg/hm2 ,N∶P2 O5∶K2 O =1∶0 85∶1。 相似文献
8.
试验结果表明，柑桔专用肥优化配方为含N10％、P2O5 4％、K2O6％（1：0．4：0．6）、有机质25％或含N8％、P2O5 3％、K2P4％（1：0．38：0．5）、有机质20％，全年施用量分别为3000kg／hm^2和3975kg／hm^2，均可获得较高产量，果品品质较好，从而提高种植效益。 相似文献
9.
玉米地土壤反硝化速率与N2O排放通量的动态变化 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
应用乙炔抑制原状土柱培育法测定了4种施肥处理的玉米地N素反硝化损失速率和氧化亚氮（N2O）排放通量，并分析了它们与土壤湿度、土壤温度以及硝态氮（NO3^-－N）含量之间的关系，计算了因反硝化和N2O排放造成的N肥损失率。结果表明，玉米生育期内土壤N素的反硝化损失量为0．67－3．85kg/hm^2，N肥的反硝化损失率为0．5％－1．5％；土壤N2O排放总量为0．55－1．42kg/hm^2，N肥的N2O排放系数为0．2％－0．5％。 相似文献
10.
不同的施肥处理在甘薯的花形、花色、花香与单花花期的表现上基本没有差异,而在花冠直径、花筒长、花梗长以及开花量上具有一定的差异,且对开花量影响最大,其中,N∶P2O5∶K2O=2∶1∶2和N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶1∶2的开花量较对照(N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0∶0)分别提高了33.12%和24.16%,分别达到极显著和显著水平,其他施肥处理也较对照有不同程度的提高,但均不显著。N∶P2O5∶K2O=2∶1∶2的单枝花蕾数和花梗数分别较对照增加16.67%和7.73%。增施N肥、P肥和K肥均可提高甘薯开花量,并且以N、P、K配合施用效果最佳,其中,N、K肥效果优于P肥。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献