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为了得到生长状态良好的胚性愈伤组织(EC),本研究以红花玉兰的未成熟种子作为外植体,通过1/2 MS基本培养基添加不同浓度的2,4-D、6-BA、水解干酪素(CH)以及提高蔗糖浓度和使用脱落酸(ABA)两步法的措施来诱导胚性愈伤组织更好的生长,并通过测定其可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖以及游离脯氨酸等指标来进行差异分析。结果表明:最适合诱导胚性愈伤组织的培养基为1/2 MS+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.2 mg/L 6-BA+750 mg/L CH(诱导率高达96.8%);蔗糖浓度提高到5%和6%时,胚性愈伤组织的状态较好,诱导率可达50.0%和64.7%,且测得胚性愈伤组织的可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量均显著高于其他处理,当蔗糖浓度为6%时,胚性愈伤组织的可溶性糖含量显著高于其他处理。结果表明胚性愈伤组织较非胚性愈伤(NEC)具有较高的代谢活性,且经高浓度蔗糖处理后的胚性愈伤对这一刺激作出了积极的响应,为体胚分化提供了科学的理论基础。 相似文献
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《棉花学报》2021,(1)
【目的】研究脱落酸(Abscisic acid, ABA)对棉花体细胞胚胎发生过程中下胚轴脱分化和再分化的影响,优化体细胞胚胎发生体系和初步解析脱落酸调控棉花体细胞胚胎发生分子机制。【方法】以棉花品种中棉所24(CCRI 24)下胚轴为外植体,设置5个ABA浓度0、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08μmol·L~(-1),分别以A0、A1、A2、A3、A4表示,添加至MSB(MS培养基+B5维生素)培养基诱导愈伤和胚性愈伤,研究ABA对棉花下胚轴初始细胞脱分化、愈伤组织诱导和胚性愈伤组织诱导的影响。【结果】ABA促进下胚轴初始细胞脱分化;显著提高愈伤组织的脱分化率和增殖率;0.02μmol·L~(-1)ABA显著提高胚性愈伤分化率,0.04～0.08μmol·L~(-1)ABA显著降低胚性愈伤分化率。ABA处理后胚性愈伤和非胚性愈伤的增殖率均显著提高且质地受到影响。0.02～0.08μmol ABA处理下,LBD和LBD在愈伤起始期上调表达。0.02μmol·L~(-1)ABA处理下,在愈伤增殖早期和中期BBM、LEC1和AGL15上调表达,愈伤增殖后期FUS3、LEA、ABI3基因上调表达。【结论】脱落酸调控的棉花体细胞胚胎发生与相关标记基因的时空性表达密切相关,这些基因表达水平的增加是ABA调控愈伤和胚性愈伤分化的分子基础。 相似文献
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干旱对玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系幼苗膜脂过氧化及其保护酶活性的影响 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
在PEG模拟的干旱处理过程中,随着胁迫时间的延长,玉米叶片相对含水量(RWC)减少,质膜相对透性和丙二醛(MDA)含量增高,在一定的时间限度内超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增高,超过一定限度后则降低;复水后,RWC、质膜相对透性、MDA含量、SOD、CAT活性都有不同程度的恢复,且抗旱性较强的杂交种及其母本比抗旱性较弱的杂交种及其母本RWC下降幅度小,SOD、CAT活性高,质膜相对透性和膜脂过氧化水平低,这说明膜脂过氧化伤害与保护酶活性之间存在着一定的联系,而且母本对杂交种的保护酶活性和抗膜脂过氧化伤害能力的影响较大. 相似文献
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【目的】研究脱落酸(Abscisic acid, ABA)对棉花体细胞胚胎发生过程中下胚轴脱分化和再分化的影响,优化体细胞胚胎发生体系和初步解析脱落酸调控棉花体细胞胚胎发生分子机制。【方法】以棉花品种中棉所24(CCRI 24)下胚轴为外植体,设置5个ABA浓度0、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08μmol·L^-1,分别以A0、A1、A2、A3、A4表示,添加至MSB(MS培养基+B5维生素)培养基诱导愈伤和胚性愈伤,研究ABA对棉花下胚轴初始细胞脱分化、愈伤组织诱导和胚性愈伤组织诱导的影响。【结果】ABA促进下胚轴初始细胞脱分化;显著提高愈伤组织的脱分化率和增殖率;0.02μmol·L^-1ABA显著提高胚性愈伤分化率,0.04~0.08μmol·L^-1ABA显著降低胚性愈伤分化率。ABA处理后胚性愈伤和非胚性愈伤的增殖率均显著提高且质地受到影响。0.02~0.08μmol ABA处理下,LBD和LBD在愈伤起始期上调表达。0.02μmol·L^-1ABA处理下,在愈伤增殖早期和中期BBM、LEC1和AGL15上调表达,愈伤增殖后期FUS3、LEA、ABI3基因上调表达。【结论】脱落酸调控的棉花体细胞胚胎发生与相关标记基因的时空性表达密切相关,这些基因表达水平的增加是ABA调控愈伤和胚性愈伤分化的分子基础。 相似文献
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楸树胚性愈伤组织与非胚性愈伤组织的生理生化差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2017,(11)
在植物体胚发生过程中愈伤组织里存在着复杂的生化反应,不同的愈伤组织有着不同的生理生化特性。用MS培养基对楸树幼嫩种子进行培养,诱导产生出三种类型的胚性愈伤组织和一种非胚性愈伤组织,以此作为实验材料。对可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸的含量进行测定分析,研究楸树胚状体形成过程中三种类型的胚性愈伤组织之间以及胚性愈伤组织和非胚性愈伤组织之间的生理生化差异。结果表明,可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸在楸树胚性愈伤组织中的含量都远远高于其非胚性愈伤组织;而楸树胚性愈伤组织的可溶性糖含量均显著低于其非胚性愈伤组织。并且可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸的含量在楸树不同类型的胚性愈伤组织之间存在差异。 相似文献
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为探讨低温冷藏对橡胶树胚性愈伤组织的影响,以(25±2)℃、常规增殖培养的胚性愈伤组织为对照,测定在(6±2)℃、添加外源抗氧化剂的低温保存培养基上生长25 d的胚性愈伤组织的相对生长量、抗氧化酶活性、恢复生长、体细胞胚诱导和植株再生能力。结果表明:低温冷藏胚性愈伤组织的相对生长量比对照的显著降低83.1%,但细胞活力相对强;低温冷藏胚性愈伤组织的SOD、POD、CAT和APX等抗氧化酶活性与对照无显著差异,但GR酶活性比对照的显著增加4.21倍;恢复(25±2)℃、正常增殖培养,胚性愈伤组织的存活率、相对生长量、体细胞胚诱导率与对照的无显著差异,但植株再生能力提高47.2%。综上所述,低温冷藏条件下,外源抗氧化剂能有效保护橡胶树胚性愈伤组织,可进一步优化保存条件以延长保存时间,为今后利用低温保存橡胶树优质胚性愈伤组织,避免因频繁继代引起胚性愈伤组织生长和胚性的衰退,妥善保存橡胶树种质资源提供理论依据和技术保障。 相似文献
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水稻愈伤组织继代培养中游离氨基酸库的变化与再分化的相关 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以4个水稻品种的成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织为材料，研究了继代培养中胚性与非胚性愈伤组织的游离氨基酸库的变化和愈伤组织再分化的关系，结果表明，天冬酰胺含量随愈伤组织继代培养时间的延长而成倍增加，而酷氨酸、鸟氨酸和氨含量则显著减少，品种之间表现一致，与愈伤组织分化率的相关系数达显著或极显著水平，胚性愈伤组织经 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献