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猪舍氨气含量检测方法综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着养猪业的发展,养猪规模的扩大,猪舍排放的氨气,导致的环境污染也越来越严重。及时测定猪舍的氨气含量,是综合防治氨气污染的前提。在此背景下,本文总结了国内外各种氨气含量的检测方法和气体采集方法,同时讨论了其优缺点。 相似文献
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垫料猪舍被认为是传统漏缝地板的替代,在这种舍内的猪生活在某些垫料上（玉米秸、稻草、草壳等）,而不是在水泥漏缝地板上。垫草是最常用的垫料,它能引发探究行为、减少咬尾和其他异常行为,并可保证趴卧区干净干爽,和漏缝地板系统相比,对猪的生产性能影响不显著,并可以减少氨气排放和温室气体排放。介绍了几种常见的垫草猪舍类型,以供国内养猪业者参考,探索适合我国的福利型猪舍,推动养猪业的健康发展。 相似文献
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近年来,环境问题已经成为全球关注的重点问题之一,畜牧养殖业的排放问题也已在一些主要畜牧养殖国家得到重视.当今每当提到生猪生产对于地球环境的影响时,温室气体及氨气排放问题都已成为了老生常谈的主要话题.氨气排放不仅影响环境,而且影响猪场盈利能力,因此,猪场必须减少氨气排放.通过采取适当的营养措施,可以减少养猪氨气排放,降低... 相似文献
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最近10年来,欧洲大部分国家养猪业都有所增加,氨气的大量排放造成了环境污染。猪舍氨的排放可从以下几方面控制：1）减少粪尿混合物中的尿素和氨的浓度。2）降低粪尿混合物的温度。3）减小发散面积。4）降低粪尿混合物的pH。猪舍建筑设计与营养调控结合减少氨的排放量是目前较为有效的方法。降低饲粮中蛋白质的含量、加入非淀粉多聚糖和加入酸化后的盐代替碳酸钙,是当前在营养调控方面减少氨排放的主要方法。 相似文献
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范莉 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2009,39(4):24-25
在冬季采用玻璃暖棚（试验组）与普通猪舍（对照组）饲养育肥猪结果表明,试验组比对照组头均多增重4．4kg,差异极显著（P〈0．01）;头均低降料重5．63％,多增收入39．23元。在青海冬季利用玻璃暖棚猪舍养猪,可提高饲料转化率、日增重和经济效益。 相似文献
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THE KANGAROO ISLAND STRAIN OF PIG IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The feral pig from Kangaroo Island, South Australia, has descended from British breeds released onto the Island by early explorers approximately 180 years ago. It has developed into a smaller pig than the modern commercial equivalent, with distinctive and reproducible physical characteristics and a physiology which appears to bestow on it some advantages in terms of fitness and vigour. It has adapted easily to laboratory and intensive piggery conditions where it has reproduced satisfactorily. It has a higher erythrocyte count and PCV than the equivalent Large White and a lower white blood cell count. Plasma Na, K and glucose were significantly higher and HCO3 urea and creatinine lower in the Kangaroo Island strain. It represents a useful strain of pig for biomedical research, approaching in size the miniature pigs used overseas. A useful approach to routine bleeding of pigs is described. 相似文献
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低蛋白日粮对规模猪场温室气体减排效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在北京8家规模猪场选取60头育肥猪分别喂食普通饲料和低蛋白日粮,测量两种饲养条件下育肥猪的死淘率、日增重、采食量、饲料转化率、粪氮等各项指标,分析低蛋白日粮对育肥猪温室气体排放量和减排量的影响。结果表明,采用低蛋白日粮喂养猪比用普通饲料喂养饲料利用效率提高7.51%,猪粪便中氮和碳的含量分别减少27.9%和1.84%（P〈0.05）,可实现温室气体减排量（0.82±0.40）kgCO2e/kg增重,其主要减排途径为减少了粪便管理过程中氧化亚氮的排放（P〈0.05）。可见,低蛋白日粮可提高育肥猪对营养物质的利用率,减少猪粪便中NH3、N含量,温室气体减排量0.82kgCO2e/kg增重。 相似文献
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The epidemiology of infection with the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli within pig herds is incompletely understood. To investigate this further, cross-sectional and cohort studies were undertaken on two piggeries. Faeces were subjected to selective culture, and DNA was extracted from growth on the primary media and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). On one farm, samples from other animal species and the environment were also examined. Isolates were subjected to multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The prevalence on farm A (>2000 sows) was 2.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3, 4.4%). Infection was largely confined to grower/finisher pigs. The six isolates of B. pilosicoli recovered belonged to a single MLEE electrophoretic type (ET) and a single PFGE type. On piggery B, an 80-sow unit located on a research farm, the prevalence amongst growers and finishers was 12.2% (95% CI: 4.7, 19.6%). There was also evidence that weaners were being infected. Ten isolates obtained were genetically heterogeneous, being divided into six ETs and seven PFGE types. One of four isolates in one ET had an identical PFGE type to those on piggery A, and may have been introduced to piggery B in stock from piggery A. On farm B, B. pilosicoli was also detected by PCR in chickens, effluent pond water and wild ducks on the pond. An isolate from the pond belonged to the same ET as one from a pig, whereas the duck isolates were distinct. This study demonstrates the complex epidemiology of B. pilosicoli infections in piggeries. 相似文献
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In different parts of Europe animal production is highly concentrated. Pig production generally is the main animal production activity in these areas. Main concerns of these large numbers of pigs are the amount of surplus nutrients in excreta and gaseous losses to the environment. Main nutrients of concern are N, P, and heavy metals and main gaseous losses of concern are ammonia, odour, and methane. Although losses are inevitable to a certain extent, nutrition seems to be a key factor in reducing these losses. Main nutritional strategies to reduce N and P excretions from pigs are: phase feeding (N, P), supplementation of limiting amino acids to the diet (N), and addition of phytase to the diet (P). Nutritional strategies to reduce heavy metals excretions from pigs are: finding alternative, natural, growth promoters that could replace Cu and Zn in the diet; using feedstuffs for the diet that are less contaminated with Cd. Main strategies to reduce ammonia emissions are: 1) lowering crude protein intake in combination with addition of limiting amino acids; 2) Shifting nitrogen excretion from urine to faeces by including fermentable carbohydrates in the diet; 3) lowering pH of urine by adding acidifying salts to the diet; 4) lowering the pH of faeces by inclusion of fermentable carbohydrates in the diet. These strategies proved to be independent from each other and effects are additive. By combining these strategies a total reduction of ammonia emission in growing-finishing pigs of 70% could be reached. Strategies to reduce odour emission are: 1) reducing protein fermentation by balancing available protein and fermentable carbohydrates in the large intestine; 2) Minimizing breakdown of absorbed sulphur amino acids. More studies are needed in this area of research, but results until now are very promising. A clear relationship exists between fermentable carbohydrates in the diet and methane emissions. This disadvantage should be considered when tackling ammonia emission by this strategy. It is concluded that there is a large potential to reduce environmental load within pig dense areas by nutritional means. 相似文献
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Epidemiology and control of Menangle virus in pigs 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Kirkland PD Love RJ Philbey AW Ross AD Davis RJ Hart KG 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(3):199-206
OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology and eradication of Menangle virus infection in pigs. DESIGN: Field observations and interventions, structured and unstructured serological surveys, prospective and cross-sectional serological studies and laboratory investigations. PROCEDURE: Serum samples were collected from pigs at a 2600-sow intensive piggery in New South Wales that experienced an outbreak of reproductive disease in 1997. Serum samples were also collected from piggeries that received pigs from or supplied pigs to the affected piggery and from other piggeries in Australia. Serum and tissue samples were collected from pigs at piggeries experiencing reproductive disease in New South Wales. Sera and faeces were collected from grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) in the region of the affected piggery. Serum samples were tested for neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus. Virus isolation was attempted from faeces. RESULTS: Following the outbreak of reproductive disease, sera from 96% of adult pigs at the affected piggery, including sows that produced affected litters, contained neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus. Neutralising antibodies were also detected in sera from 88% of finisher pigs at two piggeries receiving weaned pigs from the affected piggery. No evidence of Menangle virus infection was found in other piggeries in Australia. In cross-sectional studies at the affected piggery, colostral antibodies were undetectable in most pigs by 14 to 15 weeks of age. By slaughter age or entry to the breeding herd, 95% of pigs developed high antibody titres (> or = 128) against Menangle virus in the virus neutralisation test. Menangle virus was eradicated from the affected piggery following a program of serological testing and segregation. Neutralising antibodies against Menangle virus were also detected in P poliocephalus from two colonies in the vicinity of the affected piggery. Two piggery workers were infected with Menangle virus. There was no evidence of infection in cattle, sheep, birds, rodents, feral cats and a dog at the affected piggery. CONCLUSIONS: Serological evidence of infection with Menangle virus was detected in pigs at a piggery that had experienced reproductive disease, in pigs at two associated piggeries and in fruit bats in the region of the piggery. Two humans were infected. The mode of transmission between pigs is unknown, but spread by faecal or urinary excretion is postulated. This virus can be eradicated by the segregation of pigs into discrete age groups. 相似文献
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为了比较发酵床与传统模式的饲养效果,选择日龄相近、生长发育良好的杜×长×大三元配套系商品猪分为小猪组和大猪组。小猪组36头,试验组和对照组各18头;大猪组32头,分为试验组和对照组各16头,分别在发酵床和传统模式两种环境中生长。结果表明：发酵床模式与传统模式相比,小猪和大猪的试验组日增重比对照组分别提高4．52%、16．73%;料重比分别降低3．16％、7．43%;传统模式舍内环境与发酵床模式差异不显著。总体分析采用发酵床技术饲养育肥猪,每头可多获利126．24元。发酵床养猪模式的饲养效果优于传统养猪模式的饲养效果。 相似文献
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There is mounting evidence that bacteria originating from pigs degrade the environment of the pig shed and adversely affect the health of the animals and the pig-shed workers. α-haemolytic cocci (AHC) occur in pig-shed environments, but are regarded as commensals. Ammonia is also a component of the pig-shed environment, and is known to damage upper respiratory tract epithelia. The aim of this study was to determine whether polluted air in pig sheds adversely affected performance indicators in pigs. Modelling revealed a direct effect of AHC on voluntary feed intake and hence AHC are not commensal. No direct effect of ammonia on the pigs was detected, but the combination of AHC and ammonia stimulated the immune system in a progressive manner, and there were direct effects of immune stimulation on food intake and growth resulting in poorer feed-conversion efficiency, even though the effects remained subclinical. The authors conclude that exposure of the respiratory epithelia of pigs to viable AHC in the presence of ammonia redirects nutrients away from production and towards the immune system, explaining the impact of poor pig-shed hygiene on production parameters. 相似文献