共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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对FDR (Frequency Domain Reflectometry)型土壤水分仪进行改造,将FDR和半导体测温技术相结合,以提高自动土壤水分观测仪的温度适用性,降低土壤水分观测精度受地温变化的影响。通过集成基于频域反射原理的土壤水分传感器和半导体测温器件,设计可同时测量土壤水分及温度的传感器,并在实验室和郑州农业气象试验观测站进行对比试验、建模验证。结果表明：(1)土壤温度变化对FDR型土壤水分传感器精度有较大影响,传感器测量误差和地温呈负相关关系,且随着土壤深度增加愈加明显;(2)在土壤温度20℃时,对传感器测量精度影响最小,高于20℃时传感器测量的土壤水分值大于实际值,低于20℃时传感器测量的土壤水分值小于实际值。地温变化引起了FDR型土壤水分传感器振荡频率的偏移,利用传感器测量频率的温度修正模型,可有效降低土壤水分观测数据受地温变化的影响,提升观测精度。 相似文献
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土壤多参数复合测试系统研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
设计了一种同时采集土壤含水率、电导率及温度的多参数复合测试系统,对基于驻波率原理的土壤含水率测量方法、基于电流电压"四端法"的土壤电导率测量方法和基于"铂电阻"的土壤温度测量方法做了较为深入的研究。以北京地区土壤为测试样本,土壤含水率、温度及电导率传感器的输出与对应的测量值线性拟合相关性分别为0.998 3、0.999 8、0.999 1,动态响应时间依次为土壤含水率460 ms、温度13 s、电导率2.28 s,稳定性测试结果的标准差分别为土壤含水率0.011 5、温度0.001 4、电导率0.010 3,系统稳态及动态性能均满足土壤多参数的测量要求。对土壤多参数复合测试系统的抗干扰性能进行了分析与论证,得出在采用分时供电的前提下,多参数复合测试系统的干扰主要存在于土壤含水率与土壤温度之间,即土壤温度探针作为介质异物会造成土壤含水率测量值的升高,这是一个系统误差,可在数据处理中进行统一补偿。选用得到普遍认可的土壤含水率传感器、土壤温度传感器、土壤电导率传感器与本研究的土壤多参数复合测试系统进行性能对比研究表明:本系统满足土壤含水率、温度和电导率实时在线测量的要求,可以为精细农林业提供一种高精度的便携式土壤多参数检测工具。 相似文献
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温度对FDR土壤湿度传感器的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在利用FDR土壤湿度传感器测量土壤湿度时,土壤温度的变化会使测量结果产生较大的误差,因此要对FDR土壤湿度传感器进行温度补偿。为了研究温度对FDR土壤湿度传感器的影响规律,利用不同湿度的土壤样本在不同温度下进行实验。根据实验结果采用二元回归分析法对FDR土壤湿度传感器和土壤温度传感器的输出进行数据融合,消除温度对FDR土壤湿度传感器的影响。融合补偿后的数据结果比未补偿的数据受温度影响减小,更加接近土壤真实湿度值,大大减小了土壤温度对测量结果的影响。 相似文献
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多层土壤剖面复合传感器设计与性能分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
针对土壤剖面温度与水分检测存在传感器安装困难、对本地土壤扰动比较大等问题,设计了一种基于驻波比土壤水分测量原理与基于铂电阻测温原理的多层土壤剖面复合传感器。借助矢量网络分析仪与HFSS电磁场仿真软件对传感器电极的阻抗特性与电场分布状况进行了分析,确定了铜质检测探头结构为:直径5 cm、宽度2.5 cm、厚度0.09 cm,测试电路激励频率为100 MHz。以3种不同质地土壤作为测试样本,对土壤水分与温度检测单元的输出与对应的测量值分别进行了多项式拟合与线性拟合,相关性均达到0.99以上,系统稳态及动态性能均满足土壤剖面温度与水分的检测要求。通过试验分析了土壤温度与体积含水率对传感器输出的影响,利用统计回归方法建立了传感器在不同温度时的修正模型。在北京市小汤山野外环境下,将传感器工作于埋入土壤的PVC管体中,同时获取3层土壤温度与水分剖面信息,数据可靠,性能稳定,为实时获取多层土壤墒情及土壤温度提供了一种高效方法。 相似文献
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针对传统农业物联网系统存在传感器少、投入成本高、建设周期长和对环境不友好等问题,设计了一种可移动式农田信息智能采集车。利用Matlab仿真对关键部件机械臂的构成和运行情况进行了分析和模拟,对采集车进行了小麦田间性能测试。结果显示,采集车整体设计合理,车辆通过性强,越障最大倾斜角达30°,最大遥控距离45m,获取图像清晰。将传感器采集的数据与常用高精度仪器测量结果进行了比对,农田信息采集车所采集温度、湿度、光照强度、CO2浓度、风速、土壤温度和土壤湿度与高精度仪器设备所测数据的相关系数均大于0. 90,单个采样点平均采集时间为45 s,数据采集满足需求。该采集车可实现定时、定点大范围获取田间数据的功能,能够替代传统物联网系统或对其进行补充。 相似文献
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传统温度检测仪器功能相对单一,读数不便且测量精度偏低,市场急需一种功能丰富、测量精度高且性能稳定的智能温度巡检系统.本研究以STM32为基础设计一种智能温度巡检仪,测温单元电路是常规热电阻及热电偶,通过设计实现了热电偶及热电阻测温单元的接入功能.利用AD转换,将8路模拟信号转换成数字信号,经单片机程序处理和控制,获得精... 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献