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1.
腐植酸对番茄苗期氮素代谢的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
腐植酸对肥料具有改性增效的作用,以番茄为供试材料,研究腐植酸增效剂不同添加量对番茄苗期生长及氮素代谢酶活性的影响,为腐植酸的开发应用提供参考依据。采用砂培试验方法,设置了向霍格兰营养液分别加入腐植酸增效剂0(HA0),1(HA1),2(HA2),5(HA3),10(HA4) mL/L处理。培养30天后,测定番茄的生长指标、植株养分含量、硝酸还原酶活性、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性。添加适量腐植酸增效剂能促进番茄苗期生长,HA3处理番茄根系干重比HA0提高了31.68%,HA1处理番茄地上部干重最大。添加腐植酸可以提高番茄苗期叶片叶绿素含量,HA3处理番茄苗期叶片叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素含量最高,分别比HA0提高了17.11%,24.04%。添加适量腐植酸增效剂能增加番茄苗期根系和地上部对氮素的吸收,HA3处理的番茄根系、地上部及总氮素积累量比HA0分别提高了30.61%,20.24%,21.54%。添加腐植酸增效剂可以调控番茄根系和叶片氮素代谢过程,提高了氮素代谢酶活性,与HA0相比,HA4处理根系硝酸还原酶活性最大,HA3处理根系谷氨酰胺合成酶活性最高,HA2处理根系谷氨酸脱氢酶的活性最大;HA3处理番茄苗期叶片中硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性最大,与HA0处理相比分别提高了38.27%,64.54%,106.63%。添加腐植酸增效剂可以促进番茄苗期的生长和对氮素的吸收,提高氮素代谢酶活性,处理中以在营养液中添加5 mL/L腐植酸增效剂效果最佳,腐植酸增效剂添加量低于5 mL/L时,对番茄苗期的生长及氮素代谢具有明显的促进作用。  相似文献   

2.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Martin) plants grown in solution culture, were exposed to increasing cadmium (Cd) concentration (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM) for a duration of 12 days. The sequence of important biochemical steps of nitrate (NO3) assimilation were studied in roots and shoots as a function of external Cd concentration. Cadmium uptake in roots and shoots increased gradually with Cd concentration in the medium. This Cd accumulation lowered substantially root and shoot biomass. The nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) and nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.6.6.4) activities declined under Cd stress. Concurrently, tissue NO3 contents and xylem sap NO3 concentration were also decreased in Cd‐treated plants. These results suggest that Cd could exert an inhibitory effect on the assimilatory NO3 reducing system (NR and NiR) through a restriction of NO3 availability in the tissues. We therefore examined, in short‐term experiments (12 h), the impact of Cd on NO3 uptake and the two reductases in nitrogen (N)‐starved plants that were pretreated or not with Cd. It was found that Cd induced inhibition of both NO3 uptake and activities of NR and NiR, during NO3 induction period. The possible mechanisms of Cd action on NO3 uptake are proposed. Further, in Cd‐grown plants, the glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) showed a decreasing activity both in shoots and roots. However, increasing external Cd concentration resulted in a marked enhancement of glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH‐GDH, EC 1.4.1.2) activity, coupled with elevated levels of ammonium (NH4 in tissues. On the other hand, the total protein content in Cd‐treated plants declined with a progressive and substantial increase of protease activity in the tissues. These findings indicate that under Cd stress the usual pathway of NH4 assimilation (glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase) can switch to an alternative one (glutamate dehydrogenase). The changes in all parameters investigated were concentration‐dependent and more marked in roots than shoots. The regulation of N absorption and assimilation by Cd in relation to growth and adaptation to stress conditions are discussed.  相似文献   

3.
增铵营养对低温胁迫下棉花幼苗氮代谢的影响   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  
【目的】探明增铵营养提高棉花幼苗抗低温胁迫能力的机制。【方法】以棉花新陆早13号为供试品种,在人工气候室内模拟不同温度处理（15℃和25℃）,研究了不同铵硝态氮配比（NH4+-N/NO3--N分别为0/100、25/75、50/50、75/25、100/0）对低温（15℃）胁迫下棉花苗期生长、氮素吸收量及氮代谢相关酶活性的影响。【结果】常温条件（25℃）下,较单一铵、硝营养,铵硝混合营养显著提高棉苗各器官的生物量,地上部和根系干物质量在NH4+-N/NO3--N比为50/50处理时最大,单一铵营养处理时最小;对棉苗生物量的影响效果表现出铵硝混合营养处理优于单一铵、硝营养处理。低温胁迫（15℃）后棉苗各器官生物量减小,且差异显著。常温和低温条件下,随着营养液中NH4+-N比例增加,棉苗全氮含量逐渐递增,氮素吸收量先升后降;棉苗根系、茎秆及叶柄内硝态氮含量呈明显降低趋势;棉花幼苗叶片NR活性明显减小,相反,GS和GOGAT活性则极显著提高。常温处理下棉苗各器官的氮素累积量显著高于低温胁迫处理,低温抑制了棉苗对硝态氮的吸收,降低NR、GS和GOGAT活性。【结论】低温胁迫下,增铵营养可显著提高氮素养分含量,促进棉苗生长,同时通过提高GS、GOGAT等氮代谢相关酶活性,维持氮代谢平衡,增强棉花幼苗对低温的抗性。  相似文献   

4.
Two protein hydrolyzate–based fertilizers (PHFs), one from alfalfa (AH) and one from meat flour (MFH), were studied chemically and biologically. AH and MFH revealed a different degree of hydrolysis and a different amino acid composition. The biostimulant activity was investigated using two specific and sensitive bioassays of auxins and gibberellins. Extracts of AH and MFH elicited a gibberellin‐like activity and a weak auxin‐like one. To improve our understanding of the biostimulant activity, AH and MFH were supplied to maize plants and their effect on growth and nitrate metabolism was studied. Both PHFs increased root and leaf growth and induced morphological changes in root architecture. Besides, the treatments increased nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, suggesting a positive role of the two hydrolyzates in the induction of nitrate conversion into organic nitrogen. Moreover, treatments enhanced GS1 and GS2 isoforms in maize leaves. The latter isoform, amounting to 5‐ to 7‐fold the level of the former, appears to be a superior form in the assimilation of ammonia. The high NR and GS activities together with the high induction of GS isoforms indicate a stimulatory effect of the two PHFs on the assimilation of nitrate. In addition, a role of amino acids and small peptides of the two PHFs is suggested in the regulation of the hormone‐like activity and nitrogen pathway.  相似文献   

5.
  【目的】  探讨干湿交替灌溉与氮肥形态对水稻光合特性及氮肥利用的影响。  【方法】  以徐稻3号为材料,在防雨棚内按处理数量构建9 m × 1.5 m × 0.4 m水泥池,用于2因素3水平完全区组试验。因素1为灌溉方式:浅水层灌溉 (0 kPa,CK)、轻度干湿交替灌溉 (?20 kPa)、重度干湿交替灌溉 (?40 kPa)。因素2为氮素形态:100%NH4+-N (NH)、50%NH4+-N+50%NO3–-N (1/2NH+1/2NN)、100%NO3–-N (NN)。在水稻分蘖盛期、幼穗分化始期、抽穗期和成熟期取植株样品,测定水稻根系氮代谢酶活性、叶片光合荧光特性及植株各部位氮素含量。  【结果】  在相同氮肥形态下,轻度干湿交替灌溉根系硝酸还原酶 (NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶 (GS)、谷氨酸合成酶 (GOGAT)、谷氨酸脱氢酶 (GDH) 活性与浅水对照相比分别增加6.4%～80.4%、8.1%～85.9%、5.1%～61.8%与13.4%～94.0%;叶片光合速率及最大光化学效率得到提升;水稻产量、光合氮素利用率及氮肥农学效率明显提高,重度干湿交替灌溉则抑制根系NR、GS、GOGAT及GDH活性,降低叶片光合速率及最大光化学效率,最终导致水稻产量、光合氮素利用率及氮肥农学效率显著降低 (P < 0.05)。在浅水对照下,NH处理可改善根系氮代谢酶活性,提高叶片光合速率及最大光化学效率,有利于水稻产量、光合氮素利用率及氮肥农学效率的提升。干湿交替灌溉下,铵硝混合处理提高了根系氮代谢酶活性,增加了叶片光合速率及最大光化学效率,提高了水稻产量、光合氮素利用率及氮肥农学效率。相关分析表明,根系GS、GOGAT及GDH活性及叶片光合速率、最大光化学效率与氮素农学效率呈显著 (P < 0.05) 或极显著 (P < 0.01) 的正相关关系,而非光化学猝灭系数则与氮肥吸收利用率呈显著的负相关关系 (P < 0.05)。  【结论】  水稻生长期一直保持浅水层时,供应100%铵态氮可以充分发挥水肥的耦合效应,促进根系氮代谢酶活性,提高叶片的光合速率及最大光化学效率,有利于水稻的高产及氮高效利用。轻度干湿交替灌溉则以施用50%铵态氮和50%硝态氮混合氮肥最佳。  相似文献   

6.
Previous studies showed that wide genotype differences in nitrogen (N) efficiency exists among cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), but the mechanisms behind those differences are still unknown. In the present study, our aim was to analyze the adaptability mechanism of N-efficient rapeseed to low-N stress by employing two genotypes of natural variation in N efficiency. Nitrogen-efficient genotype, ‘BG51’, and N-inefficient genotype, ‘BG88’, were grown in a solution culture experiment under conditions of high-N (6.0 mM N) and low-N (0.6 mM N) supply. After growing 30 d, roots and shoots were sampled for the analysis of dry weight, N concentration and accumulation, N use efficiency (NUE), N transport efficiency (NTE), root system vigor parameters, nitrate redutase (NR) activity, and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity. Nitrogen deficiency decreased shoot and root dry weight significantly, but ‘BG51’ exhibited a significantly lower decrease in shoot dry weight and had significantly higher biomass production than ‘BG88’. Under low N supply ‘BG51’ accumulated more N in shoot, root and whole plant than ‘BG88’, and presented higher NUE in both shoot and root. Low-N stress induced an increase in maximum root length by 28.3% for ‘BG88’ and 55.1% for ‘BG51’ compared with the high-N treatment. And ‘BG51’ presented larger root volume, higher root vigor, larger root total absorbing area and root active absorbing area than ‘BG88’ in low-N treatment. Furthermore, ‘BG51’ had significantly higher NR and GS activity in both leaf and root in low N treatment than ‘BG88’, while there was no evident difference between them in high N treatment. These results suggested that N-efficient rapeseed germplasm of natural variation involves an integrated adaptability mechanism responding to low-N stress. Namely, N-efficient genotype could form more developed root system to accumulate more N, and presented efficient N assimilation by higher NR activity and GS activity than N-inefficient genotype. These ultimately resulted in high tolerance of N-efficient genotype to low-N stress and high biomass production.  相似文献   

7.
杨梅硝酸还原酶活力研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
用改进的活体法测定了杨梅幼树体内硝酸还原酶(NR)的分布状况。杨梅叶片,枝条、根和根瘤的NR活力分别为404.59,226.40,135.87和45.05 n mol NO_2/30min/gFW。品种、枝梢种类及叶片成熟度不同,其NR活力也不同。介质中氮源的种类和浓度对杨梅叶片的NR活力也有明显影响。对未结瘤的幼苗和离体幼树枝条,硝态氮能提高叶片的NR活力和叶片中的硝态氮含量,两者随硝酸盐浓度的增高而提高;铵态氮抑制叶片的NR活力,浓度愈高,抑制作用愈强。  相似文献   

8.
烤烟苗期营养特性的基因型差异及其杂种优势分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
试验选用6个杂交烤烟组合共13种基因型,研究了苗期营养特性的差异,并分析F1代烟苗营养特性与亲本之间的相关性和杂种优势。结果表明: 1）不同基因型烟苗的生物量、 根冠比、 养分（氮、 磷、 钾）含量和吸收量、 硝酸还原酶活性、 叶绿素含量、 根系活力差异显著,表现出多样性; 2）在F1代烟苗中,根系氮、 磷、 钾和地上部氮、 钾含量,以及干物质积累量、 根系活力和根冠比与父本和母本值之间相关性不显著,地上部磷含量与中亲值之间呈显著负相关,叶片硝酸还原酶活性与母本值之间呈显著正相关,叶绿素含量与父本值、 中亲值和低亲值之间呈极显著正相关; 3）烟苗根系磷、 钾含量、 地上部氮含量、 硝酸还原酶活性、 叶绿素含量、 根系活力、 根冠比、 干物质积累量具有一定的中亲优势。根系磷含量、 硝酸还原酶活性、 根系活力、 根冠比和干物质积累量具有超高亲优势。尽管根系氮含量和地上部磷、 钾含量无明显杂种优势,但有的试验组合也表现出中亲优势和超高亲优势。  相似文献   

9.
WANG Chao  WANG Pei-Fang 《土壤圈》2008,18(5):628-637
The infiltration of water contaminants into soil and groundwater systems can greatly affect the quality of groundwater. A laboratory-designed large soil tank with periodic and continuous infiltration models, respectively, was used to simulate the migration of the contaminants NH4 and NO3 in a soil and groundwater system, including unsaturated and saturated zones. The unsaturated soil zone had a significant effect on removing NH4 and NO3 infiltrated from the surface water. The patterns of breakthrough curves of NH4 and NO3 in the unsaturated zone were related to the infiltration time. A short infiltration time resulted in a single sharp peak in the breakthrough curve, while a long infiltration time led to a plateau curve. When NH4 and NO3 migrated from the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone, an interracial retardation was formed, resulting in an increased contaminant concentration on the interface. Under the influence of horizontal groundwater movement, the infiltrated contaminants formed a contamination-prone area downstream. As the contaminants migrated downstream, their concentrations were significantly reduced. Under the same infiltration concentration, the concentration of NO3 was greater than that of NH4 at every corresponding cross-section in the soil and groundwater tank, suggesting that the removal efficiency of NH4 was greater than that of NO3 in the soil and groundwater system.  相似文献   

10.
氮饥饿水稻利用不同形态氮素的差异及其生理机制   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
通过水培试验，研究了氮饥饿7d后，恢复供应不同形态氮源对水稻氮吸收和积累及氮同化中关键酶活性和光合色素的影响。结果表明，缺氮促进根系生长，增加根冠比。恢复供氮4d显著增加地上部生物量。铵硝混合营养促进了水稻对氮的吸收和转运，叶片和根系中全氮及叶片中铵态氮的含量以硝酸铵处理最高。与单一铵或硝营养相比，铵硝混合营养增强了根系的谷氨酰胺合成酶和叶片中硝酸还原酶的活性，提高了水稻同化和利用氮的能力。另外，与纯硝营养相比，供应铵态氮显著增加了叶片中总叶绿素，尤其是叶绿素a的含量。因此，改善水肥管理、平衡对水稻供氮的铵硝配比将提高水稻氮素的吸收和利用效率。  相似文献   

11.
H2S作为新型气体信号分子在调控植物生长发育和抗逆境胁迫中发挥着重要作用。为探究外源H2S对盐胁迫下红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)氮代谢的影响机制及最佳叶施浓度,以当年生红砂幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验,以1/2 Hoagland浇灌为对照(CK)考察在300 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫(CK300)下,叶面喷施不同浓度(0、0.010、0.025、0.050、0.100、0.250、0.500、1 mmol·L-1)H2S供体硫氢化钠(NaHS)对红砂叶片和根系中硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性以及硝态氮、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫下,红砂幼苗根、叶中可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、硝态氮含量以及NR、GOGAT、GS活性均较对照(CK)显著下降。经不同浓度外源H2S处理后,红砂根、叶中可溶性蛋白含量与单独盐胁迫对照(CK300)相比显著降低,NR、GOGAT、GS活性和硝态氮、游...  相似文献   

12.
The chemical form and content of available nitrogen (N) in salt marsh substrates varies considerably. On the western coast of Ireland, habitats designated as Ombrogenic Atlantic salt marshes were formed on ombrogenic peat substrate. The peat substrate in these systems has three times more ammonium than substrate from adjacent salt marsh habitats on sand and mud substrate. This study examined the extent to which the high concentration of ammonium in peat salt marsh substrate influences the N‐ assimilating enzyme activity of halophytes and the extent to which N metabolism differs between species. Specifically, this work investigated whether plants from peat salt marshes are more likely to assimilate ammonium than plants from non‐peat substrates. Four halophyte plant species—Armeria maritima, Aster tripolium, Plantago maritime, and Triglochin maritime—were sampled from various saltmarsh habitats including three sites on peat substrate and three on non‐peat substrate, comprising sand, mud and sand/mud. The activities of N‐metabolising enzymes—glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and nitrate reductase (NR)—were quantified in shoot and root parts. Root GS activity in Armeria maritima and shoot GS activity in Triglochin maritima were positively correlated with increasing soil ammonium levels. Root NR activity in Aster tripolium and shoot NR activity in Plantago maritima were significantly higher in plants grown on non‐peat substrates than peat substrates. The shoot : root GS activity ratio in Triglochin maritima on peat substrate was more than double the ratio on non‐peat substrates. It is concluded that all species tested displayed differences in N‐metabolising activities depending on the chemical form and/or concentration of N in the substrate, while three out of the four species were capable of taking advantage of the high levels of ammonium in peat substrates.  相似文献   

13.
以小黑麦品种东农5305为试材,研究了不同密度和施氮水平对旗叶氮代谢相关酶活性和子粒品质的影响。结果表明,随着密度的降低、氮肥的施用,旗叶硝酸还原酶活性和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性提高,内肽酶和氨肽酶活性降低,可溶性蛋白含量增加;密度300×104株/hm2、施氮75 kg/hm2处理子粒产量显著高于其它处理,密度300×104株/hm2、施氮150 kg/hm2处理子粒蛋白质含量、氨基酸含量、赖氨酸含量最高。成熟期子粒蛋白质含量与生育期间旗叶谷氨酰胺合成酶活性显著正相关,与蛋白水解酶活性呈负相关。降低密度和增施氮肥,花后叶片的氮素同化能力增强,叶片蛋白质的降解能力减弱,延缓了叶片早衰。表明小黑麦旗叶可溶性蛋白含量可作为衡量蛋白质代谢的生理指标。  相似文献   

14.
镉对超富集植物圆锥南芥氮素代谢的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用土培方法,研究了不同Cd添加(01、02、04、08、01、60和240 mg kg-1)对超富集植物圆锥南芥叶片中氮素含量以及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着Cd添加浓度的增加,圆锥南芥的生物量、叶片数、直径长以及Cd含量均呈增加趋势。Cd添加浓度为240 mg kg-1时,生物量增加了137%,叶片数增加了1.02倍,直径较对照增加了130%,叶片中Cd含量达到451 mg kg-1。NO3--N和NH4+-N呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,在Cd浓度为240 mg kg-1时,达最大值。在Cd处理浓度为102、04、08、0 mg kg-1时,NO3--N和NH4+-N含量间无显著性差异(p>0.05)。在Cd添加浓度为240 mg kg-1时,硝酸还原酶(NR)活性只相当于对照的67%,与对照间的差异显著。在Cd处理浓度为10~160 mg kg-1时,NR活性与对照间无显著性差异(p>0.05)。谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)活性以及可溶性蛋白质含量在Cd处理浓度为10~240 mg kg-1时,与对照间无显著性差异(p>0.05)。谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。游离脯氨酸含量在Cd浓度为102、0、408、01、602、40 mg kg-1时,分别为对照的0.67倍1、.29倍1、.54倍、2.38倍、2.54倍、1.14倍。  相似文献   

15.
氮硫互作提高大蒜氮、硫含量及其关键同化酶活性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
【目的】 从生理学角度研究氮、硫两种营养元素配施对大蒜氮硫关键同化酶的影响,揭示氮硫关键同化酶与植株氮、硫同化能力的关系,以期为大蒜合理施肥与提质增效提供理论参考。 【方法】 采用蛭石–珍珠岩盆栽方式,研究了不同浓度氮 (5、10、20 mmol/L)、硫 (2、4、8 mmol/L) 配施条件下,大蒜在幼苗期、花茎伸长期、鳞茎膨大初期和中期大蒜植株氮、硫含量,以及氮、硫关键同化酶活性的动态变化。 【结果】 大蒜植株氮含量总体呈上升趋势,在鳞茎膨大期达到最高水平,而硝酸还原酶 (NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶 (GS) 活性变化呈先上升后下降趋势,在花茎伸长期至鳞茎膨大初期活性较高。硫含量总体呈先上升后平稳趋势,ATP-硫酸化酶 (ATPS) 活性在花茎伸长期达到最大值,而半胱氨酸合成酶 (OAS-TL) 活性则呈先下降后上升趋势,在花茎伸长期酶活性总体最低。鳞茎膨大期前,氮硫交互作用对氮、硫同化量有影响显著,而单因素影响不明显;鳞茎膨大期,单因素影响明显。硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性整体呈先升高后降低趋势。氮素对于 NR 活性影响显著,而对 GS 影响不显著;硫素仅在花茎伸长期和鳞茎膨大初期对NR活性有显著影响,而氮硫交互作用对 NR、GS 均有显著或极显著影响。氮素、硫素对 ATP-硫酸化酶、半胱氨酸合成酶活性无显著影响,而氮硫交互作用对其影响极显著。NR 活性在花茎伸长期、鳞茎膨大初期与植株氮呈显著正相关关系,ATPS 活性在花茎伸长期、鳞茎膨大初期与植株硫含量呈显著正相关关系,Pearson 系数分别为 0.690、0.847 和 0.662、0.816。鳞茎膨大初期和中期,GS 活性与氮含量呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为 –0.857、–0.693。OAS-TL 活性与硫含量整体呈负相关,而在鳞茎膨大初期为 0.646,呈显著正相关。 【结论】 大蒜生长过程中,氮、硫两元素间存在互作关系。NR、ATPS 等酶活性的提高增加了植株氮、硫同化能力,而 GS 则通过降低酶活性而促进氮的同化。在大蒜鳞茎膨大期前,氮、硫配施能够通过调控关键同化酶活性而影响氮、硫同化,进而影响植株生长;鳞茎膨大阶段,可以通过单一施肥达到调控大蒜植株氮或硫含量的目的。   相似文献   

16.
海稻86是原生长于沿海滩涂的水稻品种,具有强耐碱性。为探究海稻86耐碱胁迫的生理和分子机制,本研究以海稻86和对碱敏感的水稻品种珍汕97为材料,采用pH值9.0的碱处理液处理水稻幼苗,并检测其根和叶中含氮物质含量、氮代谢相关酶活性和基因表达量。结果表明,碱胁迫下,海稻86根和叶中硝态氮和可溶性蛋白含量降幅低于珍汕97,而珍汕97根中氨态氮的积累量显著大于海稻86。碱胁迫下,海稻86根部硝酸还原酶(NR)活性以及根和叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性与非胁迫下对照(CK)相比均无显著变化,叶片NR活性以及根部谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性降低,叶片GOGAT活性升高;珍汕97根和叶片NR和GS以及根部GOGA活性均显著降低,降幅明显大于海稻86;碱胁迫对海稻86的GDH活性无显著影响,但珍汕97的GDH活性显著升高。此外,碱胁迫下,海稻86和珍汕97的NR以及GDH基因表达量与酶活性变化较一致,NADH-GOGAT基因表达变化与酶活性变化存在差异,OsNADH-GOGAT1和NADH-GOGAT2表达量显著升高,海稻86的NR和GOGAT基因表达量高于珍汕97,GDH基因表达量低于珍汕97。综上表明海稻86具有强耐碱胁迫能力,与其具有较稳定的氮代谢关键酶活性有关。本研究为深入了解水稻耐碱机理和培育耐碱水稻品种提供了重要的理论依据。  相似文献   

17.
采用砂培实验研究NH4 -N部分代替NO3--N对番茄的影响,结果表明:与全硝处理(100%NO3-)相比较,增铵处理(NH4 ∶NO3-=25%∶75%)下番茄鲜果重显著提高;同时叶片内NO3--N含量随增铵而显著降低,叶片与果实内NH4 -N含量及果实的可溶性蛋白含量随增铵而升高;增铵条件抑制了叶片和果实的硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,提高了叶片和果实的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPcase)活性及叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性,但对果实的谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性影响不大。上述结果表明,NH4 -N部分代替NO3--N可增加番茄产量,提高集约化基地的生产量。  相似文献   

18.
Sunflower was grown under saline media with or without vermicompost amendment and biogas slurry, the organic fertilizers. A randomized complete block design with five replications was used. Forty-five pots were divided in three sets comprising of 15 pots each. Out of 15 pots of each sets, five pots of each were subjected to different levels of saline water irrigation i.e. electrical conductivity (EC): 0.5, 4.8 8.6 dS/m). Amendments of vermicompost and biogas slurry have shown some reduction of sodium induced inhibitory effects. Analyses of fresh and dry weight of leaves, ions, amino acid, protein and nitrogen metabolism enzymes in leaves etc., have been undertaken with reference to above-mentioned treatments. Organic manure amendments improved growth yield, nitrate and protein content and decreased the amount of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl?), ammonium and total amino acid under saline or non-saline condition. Activities of nitrogen (N)-assimilating enzymes i.e. nitrate reducatse (NR, EC 1.6.6.1), nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.6.6.4), glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) and glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT, EC 1.4.1.14) were enhanced to some extent irrespective to non saline or saline condition. Under salinity NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.4.1.2) activity was stimulated concomitantly with the increasing ammonium contents and proteolysis activity in the leaves and organic manure did not show a significant difference as compared to their respective control. With respect to salt stress, among the two above-mentioned organic manure, vermicompost showed better result in the entire studied parameter as compared to the biogas slurry.  相似文献   

19.
【目的】 通过探讨钙对大葱生长及氮代谢的影响,明确钙在提高大葱产量和品质中的作用,为优化大葱施肥技术提供理论依据。 【方法】 以‘昭和’和‘章丘’大葱为试材,进行了砂培试验和田间试验。用砂培试验营养液钙水平设 0、4、6、8 mmol/L 4 个处理。于大葱越夏期 (7 月 17 日)、叶丛速生期 (9 月 11 日) 及假茎充实期 (10 月 20 日)取大葱叶片测定不同形态氮含量以及硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性,于收获期 (11 月 13 日) 测定大葱生长量、产量及品质。田间试验设置 0、225、450、675 kg/hm2 4 个水平 (以 CaO 计),于收获期 (11 月 13 日) 测定产量。 【结果】 砂培大葱株高、茎粗、根及茎叶鲜重均随营养液钙水平提高而显著增加,至钙水平达 6 mmol/L 时表现较好,单株生长量达 211.13 g,钙水平继续增加至 8 mmol/L 时,单株生长量仅 185.83 g,与 4 mmol/L 的 183.29 g 无显著差异;除根系鲜重外,‘章丘’大葱株高、茎粗及茎叶鲜重均显著高于‘昭和’大葱。适量增加钙水平亦可显著提高大葱叶片 GOGAT、GDH、NR、GS 活性,以叶丛速生期影响最大。大葱叶片铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮 (NO3--N)、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量均随营养液钙水平提高而呈先增加后降低,均以叶丛速生期最高。两品种大葱品质相关指标均以钙水平 6 mmol/L 时最高,8 mmol/L 时有所降低。钙水平为 6 mmol/L 时,盆栽大葱产量显著高于其它处理,‘章丘’和‘昭和’分别较对照增产 79.94% 和 74.42%。大田试验,‘章丘’和‘昭和’大葱均以施用 CaO 450 kg/hm2 产量最高,分别较对照提高 12.30%、19.00%。 【结论】 适量施钙可显著促进大葱生长,提高叶片氮代谢酶活性及不同形态氮含量,提高产量及品质。综合分析表明,以营养液钙水平 6 mmol/L、土壤施钙 450 kg/hm2 时最有利于大葱的生长及产量品质的提高。   相似文献   

20.
高等植物GS/GOGAT循环研究进展   总被引：34，自引：2，他引：34  
高等植物体内 95%以上的NH4+通过GS/GOGAT(谷氨酰胺合成酶 /谷氨酸合成酶 )循环同化。GS、GOGAT在植物叶片、根瘤以及根中均有分布 ,但在不同器官中GS/GOGAT循环的作用不尽相同。在绿色组织中 ,GS/GOGAT循环的主要作用是同化光呼吸产生的NH4+以及硝酸盐在叶中还原产生的NH4+,在根瘤中则主要同化根瘤菌固N产生的NH4+,而在根中则是同化吸收到体内的NH4+以及硝酸盐被吸收后在根中还原产生的NH4+。迄今有关植物GS/GOGAT循环的研究还不太深入 ,但是随着基因工程技术、免疫组织化学技术以及现代植物生理学技术的发展 ,GS/GOGAT循环研究展示广阔前景。对该循环及其调控机制的进一步了解 ,可为合理利用氮肥、提高植物N的利用率提供理论依据。本文综述了近年来对GS/GOGAT循环的研究进展情况  相似文献   

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