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论棉花轻简化栽培 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
论述了棉花轻简化栽培的主要技术内容,对其发展作了展望。棉花轻简化栽培是指简化管理工序、减少作业次数,良种良法配套、农机农艺融合,实现棉花生产轻便简捷、节本增效、可持续发展的栽培管理措施和方法,是我国棉花科技工作者立足中国国情,通过对传统植棉技术创新改造而创建的新型栽培技术体系,是我国棉花生产由传统劳动密集型向轻简节本快乐型转变的重要支撑技术。棉花轻简化栽培技术体系主要包括单粒精播壮苗技术、简化整枝或免整枝技术、一次性施肥技术或水肥协同管理技术以及优化成铃集中收获等关键技术。展望未来,应在深入研究轻简化植棉生理生态学机理的基础上,进一步优化种植模式,创新完善关键栽培技术,研制新型物质装备,促进农艺技术和物质装备高度融合,为轻简化植棉提供更加有力的理论和技术支撑,推动棉花生产健康可持续发展。 相似文献
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棉花轻简化栽培关键技术及其生理生态学机制 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
棉花轻简化栽培是指采用现代农业装备代替人工作业、减轻劳动强度,简化种植管理、减少田间作业次数,农机农艺融合,实现棉花生产轻便简捷、节本增效的耕作栽培方式和方法。本文对轻简化栽培内涵、关键技术内容和相关生理生态学机制进行了总结性评述。实现棉花生产的轻便简捷、节本增效,依赖于轻简化栽培的关键技术,包括精准播种或轻简育苗技术,经济施肥技术、节水灌溉技术、集中成铃技术等。单粒精播的壮苗机制在于棉花种子萌发出苗时,其弯钩形成关键基因HLS1与COP1和下胚轴伸长关键基因HY5与ARF2的差异表达;密植减免整枝机制在于密植引起棉株激素合成代谢相关基因差异表达,抑制了叶枝的生长;轻简栽培棉花的丰产稳产机制在于棉花产量构成、生物量和经济系数的适应性协同;依据适宜叶面积指数及其动态,适宜株高、节枝比和棉柴比等量化指标,可以有效塑造高光效群体,实现优化成铃和集中成铃与采收;轻简施肥的依据在于棉花对肥料N的吸收集中在开花后20 d以内,初花肥利用效率最高且主要分配到生殖器官;分区灌溉节水机制在于部分根区灌溉诱导地上部合成茉莉酸,茉莉酸又经韧皮部运至灌水侧根系,增强了该侧根系的吸水能力,提高了水分利用率。展望未来,应在深入研究轻简化植棉生理生态学规律的基础上,进一步改革和优化种植制度,创新关键栽培技术,研制新的物质装备,促进农艺技术和物质装备高度融合,为轻简化植棉提供更加有力的理论和技术支撑,推动棉花生产的可持续发展。 相似文献
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化学整枝剂对棉花生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了开发棉花生产新技术，充分挖掘棉花生产节本增效的潜力。将目前采用人工摘除顶尖和群尖改为使用化学整枝剂抑制生长点的生长．达到一次喷药全面整枝的化学整枝技术，最大限度地简化棉田整枝工序，降低植棉成本，促进棉花生产向质量效益转变。 相似文献
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河南省棉区的一些植棉大县,棉花规模化种植大户已经占到相当比例。相比之下,植棉大户们的植棉投入充分、采用品种优良、经济实力较强、技术措施到位。所以,棉花产量高,单位产品成本低,收益颇丰。本调查报告,旨在客观如实归纳分析的基础上,仅就河南植棉业高产高效规模化种植经营和现代化发展方向等问题提出意见和建议。1目前,河南棉区棉花规模化种植经营的基本模式棉花的规模化种植经营是相对于分散、小规模和少量种植而言的。目前,河南棉农的户均耕地、植棉面积、单产水平、棉花收益及棉农的专业化生产水平均明显高于其它棉区。其中,几十亩… 相似文献
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在自然生态条件下,以中棉所49为试材, 分析了6种不同施氮模式（N0、N1、N2、N3、N4、N5）对棉花生育进程、农艺性状、SPAD、LAI及产量构成因素的影响, 探讨了不同施氮模式下棉花种植经济效益。结果表明,在南疆生态条件下,种植滴灌田陆地棉最佳施氮量为N2。该施氮量方式下,棉花农艺性状综合水平优于其它群体,SPAD、LAI表现良好,经济产量高,成本较少。同时,提出种植棉花简化节本的多项指标,为确定棉花高产栽培措施及建立棉花简化节本种植模式提供参考。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献
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B. Julier P. Guy C. Castillo-Acuna G. Caubel C. Ecalle M. Esquibet V. Furstoss C. Huyghe C. Lavaud A. Porcheron P. Pracros G. Raynal 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):241-250
Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality. 相似文献
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In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,... 相似文献
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[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat... 相似文献
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不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应. 相似文献
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Summary
Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids. 相似文献
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Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO2 compensation pointdistinguishing C3 and C4 plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO2 compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C3 rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T
CO2 compensation point
- T21
CO2 compensation point at 21% O2
- T2
CO2 compensation point at 2% O2
- dR/sR
deep Root-to-shoot Ratio
- LAR
Leaf Area Ratio
- CER
photosynthetic rate
- TR/SR
Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio 相似文献