共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
2.
简要介绍了玉米基因组学发展背景,概述了玉米基因组学研究进展。在结构基因组学方面,新发展的DNA编码序列富集与过滤技术大大推动了玉米基因组学测序工作的进展,目前已获得基因组中80%的编码序列。功能基因组学在EST计划、Mu-tagging技术、芯片技术和TILLIING技术的推动下也取得了长足的进展。与水稻和拟南芥等的比较基因组学,有助于解读基因组序列,推测未知基因的功能,并促进了基因作图。生物信息学则积累了海量的数据库并呈指数增加,新软件开发、数据的解读和图谱的整合是其重要的研究方向。讨论了基因组学发展对玉米育种的影响。 相似文献
3.
4.
小麦及其近缘种基因组测序研究进展与发展趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来,随着测序和基因组序列组装技术的深入发展,小麦基因组测序研究不断取得了新的进展和突破,为小麦育种研究带来了新的发展机遇。本文简要介绍了小麦基因组测序的背景及其重要性,概要综述了小麦基因组测序研究的最新进展,展望了小麦基因组测序研究的发展动态和趋势,并讨论了基因组学发展对未来小麦育种的影响。 相似文献
5.
6.
水稻作为重要粮食作物,其重要农艺性状的功能基因组研究是植物生物学研究的热点。植物基因型、表型和环境三者构成了遗传学研究的铁三角。随着高通量测序技术的快速发展,基因型的研究更加简单快速。然而表型研究严重滞后于基因型研究。目前传统的表型信息的获取存在所需劳动量巨大、成本高,所获取表型数据受人工主观因素影响大等诸多难题。高通量表型组学可无损、高通量、精准获取表型信息,对解决以上难题具有关键作用。本文对表型组学在水稻中的研究应用情况进行整理,为今后水稻基因组学和表型组学等多学科相结合的现代研究手段提供理论支撑。 相似文献
7.
水稻杂种优势利用技术的发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《杂交水稻》2017,(3)
中国杂交水稻的研究始于20世纪60年代,70年代开始大面积应用。以核质互作雄性不育系为遗传工具的三系法杂交水稻(第1代杂交水稻)和以光温敏不育系为遗传工具的两系法杂交水稻(第2代杂交水稻)的研究相继成功与应用对国家粮食增产贡献巨大,但因三系配组受恢保关系制约,而两系不育系的育性易受环境影响,导致水稻杂种优势利用的潜力未能得到充分发挥。在总结第1代和第2代杂交水稻育种技术基础上,阐述了以遗传工程雄性不育系为遗传工具的第3代杂交水稻育种技术的发展,分析了该技术对杂交水稻发展的重要意义,并展望了第3代杂交水稻的研究前景。 相似文献
8.
水稻基因组测序和分析的研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
综述了水稻基因组测序的工作进展和水稻基因组信息。至2002年,籼、粳稻两个亚种基因组工作“框架图”的测定及粳稻基因组全长序列的精确测定已相继完成。初步得到了水稻非冗余序列389.81~409.76 Mb;预测水稻基因总数达32 000~56 000个,少于30%的基因被功能分类;基因内GC含量梯度明显;外显子变异少、内含子变化大;籼稻和粳稻的序列差异达22%以上;水稻与其他禾谷类基因之间有广泛的共线性,但与拟南芥的共线性是有限的。基因组测序不仅开辟了基因组学这一生命科学的新兴学科,而且带动了生物信息学、蛋白质组学等一批新兴学科和技术的发展。 相似文献
9.
水稻粒型基因克隆和调控机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水稻粒型是影响其产量和品质的重要性状,阐明其遗传调控机理,有助于提高水稻单产和改良品质。水稻粒型性状主要包括粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长/宽比,属于数量性状,受胚、胚乳及母体植株等不同遗传体系的控制。随着水稻功能基因组学和重测序技术的快速发展,目前已经定位超过400个与水稻粒型相关的数量性状位点(QTL),并已克隆了60个水稻粒型基因,涉及植物激素、泛素-蛋白酶体通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路、G蛋白信号通路及表观修饰等多个调控通路。本文对水稻粒型基因克隆及其调控机制的研究进展进行了系统总结和梳理,并对这些基因在育种上的利用价值进行了评价。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
Rice is a model system used for crop genomics studies. The completion of the rice genome draft sequences in 2002 not only accelerated functional genome studies, but also initiated a new era of resequencing rice genomes. Based on the reference genome in rice, next-generation sequencing (NGS) using the high-throughput sequencing system can efficiently accomplish whole genome resequencing of various genetic populations and diverse germplasm resources. Resequencing technology has been effectively utilized in evolutionary analysis, rice genomics and functional genomics studies. This technique is beneficial for both bridging the knowledge gap between genotype and phenotype and facilitating molecular breeding via gene design in rice. Here, we also discuss the limitation, application and future prospects of rice resequencing. 相似文献
13.
As the staple crop throughout the world, rice functional genomic research for the important agronomic traits is a hotspot in plant biology research area. The genotype, phenotype, and environmental factors are three critical components of the genetic research in plant. The development of high-throughput sequencing technology makes plant genotyping easier. However, phenomics research has trailed the genotype research. Being labor-intensive, high-cost, and susceptible to artificial subjectivity, the conventional phenotyping techniques could not obtain adequate genetic information. Phenomics technique, which is non-invasive and high-throughput to obtain accurate phenotypes, plays a key role in solving the above problems existing in traditional phenotyping techniques. In this review, the application of plant phenomics in rice research is summarized, which provides theoretical support for the modern rice research methods that combines genomics with phenomics. 相似文献
14.
15.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):93-130
Abstract Despite a significant increase in food production during the last century, world production will need to be doubled or tripled by the year 2050 to meet the needs of an expected 10 billion global population. Fortunately, a second revolution in agriculture appears to be taking place from advances in biotechnology. Worldwide in 1999, about 40 million hectares of transgenic plants were grown, and this area is expected to increase significantly for years to come. Rice (Oryza sauva L.) is the staple food of the majority of 3.5 billion people in Asia. Increases in population in the rice growing regions of Asia will require 70% more rice in 2025 than is consumed today. In addition, rice, in its milled form, is poor in essential amino acids and a range of vitamins and micronutri-ents, which creates malnutrition. With the increasing number of genes discovered in plants and other organisms, transgenic research is being utilized to improve agronomic traits of rice, such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, and to increase photosynthetic efficiency which collectively increase yield. Research is also moving toward improvement of grain quality traits, including amino acids, micronutrients, and vitamins. Genome sequencing and the techniques for rice transformation have been developed. Thus, collaborative efforts in genomics, transformation, and molecular breeding of rice are expected to lead to a significant contribution to global food security. In this article, we review the current status of genetic improvement of rice. Improved methods for transgene expression in rice and potential modifications that will significantly improve yield and grain quality of rice are also discussed. 相似文献
16.
17.