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通过实验室静水养殖方法研究不同浓度Cu^2＋胁迫对西施舌过氧化氢酶（CAT）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和碱性磷酸酶（AKP）3种酶活性以及成活率的影响。并研究最佳Cu^2＋浓度0．06mg·L^-1。条件下Cu^2＋对ACP和AKP活性影响随时间变化关系。结果表明,除Cu^2＋在0．03mg·L^-1外,实验组CAT活性均低于对照组。Cu^2＋在0．03、0．06mg·L^-1浓度条件下,西施舌体内ACP和AKP活性均高于对照组。而Cu^2＋浓度在0．06mg·L^-1时ACP和AKP活性均最高。当Cu^2＋浓度大于0．06mg·^-1后,随着Cu^2＋增加,ACP和AKP酶活性都有降低的趋势。 相似文献
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半滑舌鳎精子冷冻保存对于人工繁殖育苗、杂交育种、雌核发育及其性别控制研究具有重要的意义,为此,本文对半滑舌鳎精子冷冻保存方法进行了研究。分别利用2．8mol／L的二甲基亚砜（DMSO）、甘油（Gly）和1,2-丙二醇（PG）冷冻保存该鱼精子。结果显示,DMSO冷冻保存精子的活力较高。利用MPRS＋2．8mol／L DMSO以1：0．5、1：1、1：1．5和1：2的比例稀释并冷冻精子,1：1比例在冻前能够抑制精子的运动,冻后活力可达82．50±3．54％,显著高于其他稀释比例（P〈0．05）。分别利用冷冻保存液A（MPRS＋2．8mol／L DMSO）和B（TS-2＋2．8mol／LDMSO）稀释平衡精子,精子在A中的冻前快速运动时间、寿命分别为37．75±6．45S和145．00±78．98S,与鲜精无显著差异（P〉0．05）。利用以上两种冷冻稀释液冷冻保存精子,精子在A液中的冻后活力和寿命分别可达53．50±6．69％和98．00±13．51s,冷冻效果优于B液（P〈0．05）。冷冻后精子的受精率和孵化率分别为55．00±5．00％和35．00±13．23％,受精率与鲜精无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,因此认为MPRS＋2．8mol／L DMSO可用于半滑舌鳎精子的冷冻保存。 相似文献
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研究了后期面盘幼虫不同采苗密度、不同底栖硅藻与稚鲍不同培育密度,对鲍苗的生长与成活率的影响。认为最佳采苗密度应为2万个／m2后期面盘幼虫;当地底栖硅藻混合种的饵料效果优于纯种,剥离后稚鲍的培育密度不直超过4000粒／m2。在640m2水面中有出壳长1．2～1．5cm鲍苗201．6万粒,平均出苗量3150粒／m2。专家鉴定认为,本课题在皱纹盘鲍不同育苗密度、不同饵料对育苗效果的研究方面居国内领先水平。 相似文献
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网箱混养罗非鱼和鲤鱼高产试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了罗非鱼、鲤鱼网箱混养的规格、密度、饵料配制、投喂技术、水体负荷能力对鱼类生长及产量的影响。结果表明，333．33m2网箱，3年累计产鱼90239kg，年均30079kg，平均单产90．2kg／m2。平均饵料系数2．6。 相似文献
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对新疆艾比湖、青海格尔木、青海尕海、河北乐亭、河北沧州、河北南堡六个品系卤虫卵的孵化质量做了一些初步研究。南堡、艾比湖、沧州、乐亭、格尔木、尕海卤虫卵的孵化率分别为82．7％，80．2％，75．3％，66．O％，62．2％，10.1％；孵化的同步性分别为4．8，11．2，17．0，11．2，11．5，23．2h。孵化质量最好的是河北南堡的卤虫卵。 相似文献
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魁蚶核糖体DNA基因转录间隔区的序列特征 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
以相应引物PCR扩增魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)的核糖体转录间隔子ITS-1和ITS-2片段,测序后得到长度分别为461bp和533bp的核苷酸序列(含引物)。其中A、T、G、C4种碱基的含量分别为21．91％、24．73％、28．20％和25．16％(ITS-1),27．02％、25．52％、25．52％和21．95％(ITS-2)。将这2个片段与其他双壳贝类的相应片段进行比较,发现11S1和11S2引物在贝类中具有良好的通用性。比较几种贝类的11S1片段发现有1～100bp长度不等、弥散状态的插入／缺失;对5种蚶科贝类的ITS-2相应片段进行比较,发现中间有75bp的保守区域,与本研究在魁蚶ITS-2群体序列研究中观察到的情况相同。 相似文献
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以花尾胡椒鲷为研究对象,对其仔、稚、幼鱼生长环境以及全长与体重的关系进行探讨,根据实测数据计算得出鱼苗全长与体重的关系式为：W=0．0005LT2．8 066,相关系数r^2=0．8573。两个池塘育苗的成活率分别是：1^#池塘13．94％、2^#池塘15．73％。 相似文献
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农牧渔业部1986年下达我省“珊珀湖养殖增殖技术研究”课题．课题要求从1986年至1988年三年．2．2万亩水面的珊珀湖，鲜鱼亩产在10．5公斤的基础上提高N40公斤，吃食鱼比重由18％上升N52％，水草复盖率由8％提高N15％．课题由湖南省水产局承担。湖南省水科所、安乡县水产养殖总场协作．经共同努力．使大湖鲜鱼产量三年翻了二番．各项经济技术指标都超额完成．湖泊养殖技术和生态功能的研究都有了新的突破．现将研究情况摘要报告如下。 相似文献
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为了研究投喂冰鲜下杂鱼与配合饲料对大口黑鲈养殖水质的影响,在室内水泥池进行了一个月的饲养试验。对水体中的COD、PO4^-P、TP、TN、NH3^--N、NH,-N、NO2^--N等指标进行了测定。结果表明,投喂两种饲料各指标均有不同程度的增加,但养殖一个月后冰鲜组比饲料组要高许多;杂鱼组COD、PO4^--P、TP、TN、NH3^--N、NH3-N、NO2^--N分别为25．3mg／L、2．4mg／L、2．28mg／L、3．44mg／L、3．44mg／L、2．91mg／L、0．52mg／L、0．075mg／L,而配合饲料组分别为10．2mg／L、0．58mg／L、0．855mg／L、2．17mg／L、0．29mg／L、0．048mg／L、0．03mg／L。特别是PO4^--P、TP,冰鲜组分别为饲料组的4．2倍和2．7倍。这说明投喂人工饲料可以减轻有机污染程度。特别是在控制PO4^--P、TP的增加方面效果显著。试验结果对于控制水体的富营养化具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
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T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献