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针对现有水稻钵苗移栽机移栽行距固定、不能适应南方双季稻区不同行距移栽农艺要求的问题,在歩距式水稻插秧机基础上,设计了一种取苗轨迹简单、实用及性能可靠的变行距钵苗移栽装置。根据钵苗最佳拔取角度与取、投苗位置要求,确定取苗运动轨迹,设计取苗连杆机构,建立运动学模型,并应用Matlab对机构模型进行优化设计;根据取苗连杆机构运动参数与钵苗下落姿态的要求,设计苗夹开合与旋转运动控制凸轮,并进行取苗连杆机构与苗夹机构之间运动同步性的运动仿真分析;为满足钵苗经过输苗筒后下落至水田时刻的一致,以保证移栽时钵苗株距均匀性,对输苗筒的关键结构进行了理论分析及设计;进行不同取苗速度、不同行距的移栽试验,平均取苗成功率达到89.96%,平均倒苗率3.45%,表明该装置具有较好的移栽效果,可应用于水稻钵苗变行距移栽作业。 相似文献
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为了研究棘轮齿轮式水稻钵苗移栽纵向送秧机构的可行性,分析了水稻钵苗移栽纵向送秧机构的工作原理和棘轮齿轮式机构的传动特性,针对高速回转式水稻钵苗移栽机送秧机构需满足传动平稳、传动比精确、工作可靠性好、作业中没有积累误差、振动和噪声小的特点,设计棘轮齿轮式水稻钵苗移栽纵向送秧机构,对其结构设计中的重要几何参数建立了数学模型,进行了优化,采用CAD/CAE软件建立虚拟模型。对该机构进行了台架试验,结果表明,该种传动形式的纵向送秧机构能够满足高速回转式钵苗移栽机的工作要求,为研发高速回转式钵苗移栽机纵向送秧机构提供了理论和实践依据。 相似文献
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全自动温室钵苗移栽机设计与试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为提高钵苗移栽机自动化程度和工作效率,设计了一种可实现8爪整体间隔取苗、分散间隔投苗、可用于穴盘到穴盘或花盆间的高效全自动钵苗移栽设备。阐述了移栽机的结构原理与工作过程,基于整体间隔取苗、分散间隔投苗原理,对移栽机整体结构及取苗爪分散部件进行设计,并合理规划移栽策略;综合考虑移栽动平台运动规律及同步带变形对动平台定位精度的影响,在ADAMS中建立移栽动平台刚柔耦合仿真模型,分别选取动平台水平运动等加速等减速、三次多项式和五次多项式运动规律进行仿真分析,结果表明3种运动规律定位精度均大于99.7%,其中五次多项式运动规律下定位精度最高。在不同移栽频率下对移栽动平台的定位精度及整机作业性能进行了试验,试验结果表明：移栽动平台在行程内的运动误差在0.15~1.22mm,在120株/min移栽频率下移栽合格率可达90.23%,且随着移栽频率降低,移栽合格率逐渐提高,整个移栽作业运动协调可靠,定位精度高,可实现整体间隔取苗、分散间隔投苗的高效作业要求。 相似文献
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为了研究水稻钵苗有序移栽的可行性,给水稻钵苗有序移栽机的研制提供工艺参数,以YP450C水稻插秧机为机体,确定了钵苗移栽工作部件及其传动系统,研制了水稻钵苗有序移栽试验装置.借鉴国内外钵盘育秧技术,在室内模拟水田实际工况,采用气吸式取苗原理移栽空气整根盘育乳苗,进行育苗和移栽试验.试验结果表明,利用气吸式原理移栽空气整根钵体乳苗所需要的真空度范围为400～900Pa;移栽后钵苗排列有序,钵苗入土直立度高. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献