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1.
为了提高滴灌水肥一体化技术在温室番茄栽种阶段的应用价值，以产量为目标进行探索性研究，提出温室番茄滴灌水肥一体化高产栽培技术。以某农业试验基地日光温室为测试环境，以英石大红为研究品种，在对试验田基本情况进行统计后，结合田间最大持水量和当地推荐施肥量设置9个不同的测试组，分别在灌水量和施肥量上进行差异化设置，根据不同组别番茄的经济产量和生物产量，探索实施滴灌水肥一体化管理执行措施。当以经济产量为目标时，番茄灌水量控制在田间最大持水量的80%为宜，氮、磷、钾的施用量以中肥标准为宜；当以生物产量为目标时，番茄灌水量控制在田间最大持水量的80%为宜，氮、磷、钾的施用量以低肥标准为宜。  相似文献   

2.
不同灌水量对加工番茄生长及产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
探讨不同灌水量对加工番茄干物质积累及产量的影响，结果表明，加工番茄干物质积累量随着灌水量的增加表现为先增加后减少的趋势；过量灌溉引起加工番茄落花落果，导致产量下降；灌溉量为5000 m3/hm2处理的产量和水分生产效率最高。  相似文献   

3.
针对安徽省设施番茄生产中肥料施用量大、施肥方法不科学等问题,以安徽省芜湖县设施番茄为研究对象,探讨水肥一体化措施下减量施肥对番茄产量、产值、品质、养分吸收和氮肥利用效率的影响,以期为区域设施番茄合理水肥管理提供理论和技术支持。研究结果表明：与菜农习惯水肥管理相比,水肥一体氮肥减量20%-40%或氮磷钾肥各减量20%都能够提高番茄产量、产值和利润;影响番茄品质因子较多,在本试验施肥量下,水肥一体减量施肥番茄可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物含量下降,Vc含量增高,适当减少肥料用量有利于番茄红素含量的提高,减肥幅度过大,番茄红素含量下降;水肥一体减量施肥能提高氮肥当季利用率。综合番茄产量、品质和氮肥利用效率,在本试验条件下, N 240kg/hm2、P2O5 144 kg/hm2、K2O 240 kg/hm2 是较为合适的用量。笔者认为,尽管优化施肥、水肥一体化减量施肥能提高氮肥利用效率,但设施番茄的氮肥利用率仍较低,氮肥利用率的提高仍有一定的潜力。  相似文献   

4.
为研究灌溉量对水分利用率及果实品质的影响,在分析7年生‘骏枣’生育期不同灌溉处理耗水量的基础上,探讨滴灌条件下不同处理的灌水量对‘骏枣’水分利用率、果实性状、产量及品质的影响,确定典型干旱沙漠区适宜红枣生长的土壤水分下限。结果表明：（1）当土壤含水量保持在田间最大持水量65%时,灌水生产效率和水分利用率均最高。（2）灌溉后土壤含水量下限控制在田间持水量的55%时,产量最高。（3）在一定范围内,灌水量越少,果实可溶糖含量越高,果品等级越高。（4）应用隶属函数值法综合评价相关指标对灌溉量的应用效果表明,在干旱沙漠区‘骏枣’的土壤含水量应控制在田间持水量的65%左右,既能保证红枣生长发育过程中对水分的生理需求,又能使灌水生产率达到最大、红枣的品质最佳。  相似文献   

5.
基于水肥供应条件下温室番茄品质性状的主成分分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究探讨滴灌施肥条件下灌水量和施肥量对温室番茄品质的影响,优化陕北地区温室番茄水肥供应技术,为该地区优质番茄生产提供技术支持。通过田间试验,采用完全随机组合方法,试验由3个灌水水平(100%ET,80%ET和60%ET)和3个施肥水平(N-P2O5-K2O分别为240-120-150 kg/hm2,180-90-112.5 kg/hm2和120-60-75 kg/hm2)进行完全随机组合,采用主成分分析法对番茄果实6项品质指标(可溶性糖,维生素C,硝酸盐,糖酸比,有机酸和番茄红素)进行综合评价,提出相对较优的水肥供应量。分析表明,灌水单因素对可溶性糖含量、维生素C和番茄红素的影响极显著(p0.01),对硝酸盐和有机酸影响显著(p0.05);在相同施肥水平下,随着灌水量的增加,番茄可溶性糖含量、维生素C、番茄红素、硝酸盐和有机酸含量随着灌水量的增加而降低;施肥单因素对维生素C、硝酸盐和番茄红素的影响极显著(p0.01),随着施肥量的增加,维生素C、硝酸盐和番茄红素随之增加;水肥供应仅对番茄维生素C、硝酸盐含量和番茄红素含量有显著的交互作用(p0.05)。主成分分析法表明,灌水量为60%ET和氮磷钾施用量为240-120-150 kg/hm2时得分最高,综合品质相对较优,推荐该处理为陕北地区温室番茄水肥供应技术优选方案,能够为该地区优质番茄生产提供技术支持。  相似文献   

6.
文章是对日光温室中滴灌条件下珍珠岩栽培的和土培畦灌栽培的樱桃番茄就灌水与施肥对其产量的水肥耦合效应进行了比较研究,结果表明:生产相同产量的樱桃番茄,在滴灌条件下,以珍珠岩为基质栽培耦合效应显著的水肥组合且较之土培可节水54.27%,节肥67.78%。  相似文献   

7.
灌水模式对夏玉米耗水特性和干物质积累及分配的影响   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  
为明确夏玉米的耗水特性,于2009年度在人工遮雨棚内进行盆栽试验,研究了土壤含水量对玉米生长发育的影响。在2010年玉米生长季降水量为446.2 mm的条件下,采用不同灌水量处理（试验共设3个处理,雨养：W0,全生育期不灌水;调亏灌溉：W1,保持田间土壤相对含水量为80%;大水漫灌：W2）,研究了夏玉米的田间耗水特性和干物质积累与分配规律。结果表明,2009年盆栽条件下,80%的土壤含水量有利于干物质的积累和籽粒产量的形成,可获得170.76 g/株的籽粒产量。2010年田间试验表明,W0、W1、W2处理干物质积累量分别为：310.83、321.5、325.59 g/株,产量分别为：9255.85、9747.29、9635.72 kg/hm2。与W0相比,灌水处理显著提高了夏玉米的干物质积累量和籽粒产量。2灌水处理间比较发现,W1处理获得了高的籽粒产量,水分利用效率显著亦高于W2处理,其水分利用效率分别为21.47、19.39 kg/(hm2?mm)。随灌水量的增加,夏玉米的干物质积累量显著提高,但是灌水量过多显著减少光合产物向籽粒的分配,使产量降低。夏玉米全生育期耗水量显著随灌水量增加增大,耗水强度提高。在自然降雨量为446.2 mm条件下,雨养处理耗水量最低,水分利用效率高于灌水处理,但其穗粒数和千粒重较低,最终获得籽粒产量低于2灌水处理。综合考虑夏玉米的籽粒产量和水分利用效率,在本试验条件下,以保持田间含水量为80%的灌溉量为最优。  相似文献   

8.
水分胁迫下肥料配比对葡萄生长发育的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以无核白鸡心葡萄为试材,设置3个水平的水分处理和3个肥料配比,使用CARIS-1便携式光合仪和常规的试验方法研究水分胁迫下肥料配比对无核白鸡心葡萄光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片脯氨酸含量以及丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明:生长前期,水分为田间持水量的55%～60%、施肥配比为N∶P∶K=2∶5∶3的水肥处理能促进新梢生长,有效提高光合速率,降低蒸腾速率,从而提高水分利用效率。生长后期维持正常含水量和适当增施钾肥可提高光合速率。随着水分胁迫程度的加剧,脯氨酸和丙二醛含量呈梯度增加;中度胁迫水平下,磷钾肥的增加可导致脯氨酸和丙二醛含量的增加,从而提高植株对水分胁迫的抵抗能力。  相似文献   

9.
不同水肥条件下旱地小麦水肥利用率研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
探讨了不同水肥条件对旱地小麦产量和水肥利用率的影响。结果表明,不同水肥条件对小麦株高、穗长、穗粒数和千粒重有明显影响;补充灌水和不灌水施肥处理分别比相应对照增产39．2％～142．6％和34．2％～152．3％,同时补充灌水比不灌水各处理增产21．0％～40．2％。不同肥料配比以N1P1处理的肥料利用效率最高,并以适当补灌效果最佳,补充灌水和不灌水每千克N分别增产小麦18．0kg和13．0kg。不同肥料配比处理灌水利用效率分别比对照提高0．17～0．72kg／m^3,并以N1P1最高,为1．16kg／m^3。  相似文献   

10.
在2004-2005年和2005-2006年小麦生长季,设置不同的灌水时期和灌水量处理,研究了小麦籽粒产量、籽粒淀粉含量、淀粉合成相关酶活性和水分利用效率。结果表明,全生育期不灌水条件下,籽粒中的可溶性淀粉合酶(SSS)和淀粉粒结合态淀粉合酶(GBSS)活性在灌浆初期显著升高,在灌浆中后期显著降低,同时灌浆后期支链淀粉、直链淀粉和总淀粉含量亦显著降低。拔节期和开花期每次灌水60 mm有利于小麦在灌浆中后期保持较高的SSS和GBSS活性,提高灌浆后期籽粒中的支链淀粉、直链淀粉和总淀粉含量;灌水量进一步增加时,灌浆中后期的SSS活性显著降低,GBSS活性升高,灌浆后期的支链淀粉含量降低,直链淀粉含量升高。在两个生长季中拔节期和开花期每次灌水60 mm处理的土壤贮水消耗量较高,水分利用效率最高和籽粒产量较高。在此基础上增加灌水量时,开花至成熟阶段0~60 cm土层的土壤含水量显著升高,土壤贮水消耗量降低,籽粒产量无显著变化,水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率降低。  相似文献   

11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.  相似文献   

12.
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.  相似文献   

13.
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...  相似文献   

14.
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.  相似文献   

15.
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...  相似文献   

16.
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.  相似文献   

17.
T. Visser  E. H. Oost 《Euphytica》1981,30(1):65-70
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.  相似文献   

18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...  相似文献   

19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf 1) and recessive for the other (Rf 2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph 3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf 1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf 1and Rf 2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf 1, and 0.15 for Lf 1-Sph 3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph 3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf 1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph 3. Poor performance of lf 1- (and possibly lf 2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).  相似文献   

20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.  相似文献   

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