共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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酱油渣中油脂的亚临界流体提取及酶法脱酸的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
酱油渣是酱油生产中的副产物,含有多种营养成分,但还未得到资源化利用。本研究就采用亚临界流体提取技术低温提取酱油渣中的油脂,采用生物脱酸技术解决酱油渣提取的油脂酸值高、精炼困难的问题进行了探讨。结果表明:在提取温度40℃、酱油渣含水量8.0%、提取次数2次的条件下,以丁烷为介质亚临界提取酱油渣中的油脂,提取率达到96.1%;提取得到的酱油渣毛油的酸值达到23.4(KOH)/(mg/g),在甘油添加量为理论所需的甘油量,加酶量为油质量的5%,反应温度65℃,真空条件1200Pa、反应8h的条件下,固定化脂肪酶Lipozyme RMIM催化的酯化反应能将油样的酸值降到4.0(KOH)/(mg/g)。 相似文献
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餐厨废油脂肪酸固体酸催化气相反应制备生物柴油 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为实现高酸值油料更加高效、绿色的生物柴油制备,以餐厨废油水解后脂肪酸为原料,采用强酸性阳离子交换树脂为固体酸催化剂,在气相反应条件下进行酯化反应制备生物柴油。采用正交试验设计的方法考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度等因素对酯化效果的综合影响,获得最佳的工艺条件为:催化剂质量分数15%,反应时间60 min,反应温度105℃。在此条件下催化剂可重复使用5次,制备的生物柴油酸值(以KOH计)仅为0.64 mg/g,酯化率可达99.65%,产品达到GB/T 20828—2007相关标准。 相似文献
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地沟油制备生物柴油预酯化的动力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以地沟油和丙三醇为原料,在无催化剂的条件下,通过脂肪酸与丙三醇的反应,以降低原料油的酸值。探讨以地沟油制备生物柴油预酯化的动力学研究,采用正交试验,考察了反应温度、反应时间和物料摩尔比对原料酸值的影响。试验结果表明:适应的反应条件:反应温度190℃、反应时间8h和丙三醇与地沟油的摩尔比4:1,在此条件下地沟油的酸值为1.4(KOH)/(mg/g),游离脂肪酸转化率为98.1%。同时也提出了地沟油与甘油酯化反应的动力学模型,并且根据试验数据得到酯化反应的动力学参数,酯化反应的活化能为67.194kJ/mol,指数前因子为5.67×103L/(kmol.h)。 相似文献
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无色高果糖浓缩苹果汁生产工艺试验 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用蔗糖酶酶解法和脱色脱酸树脂进行了无色脱酸高果糖浓缩苹果汁的生产工艺试验.通过正交试验确定了苹果汁中蔗糖酶酶解条件、脱色条件及脱酸条件.结果表明:苹果汁中蔗糖的较佳酶解条件为:苹果汁浓度为120 g/L,酶质量比为7mg/kg,pH值为4.5,温度为5512;XDA-5脱色树脂的较佳脱色条件为:苹果汁浓度为200 g/L、pH值为3.5、温度为50℃、流速为150 mL/h;D380树脂在温度25℃、苹果汁浓度300 g/L、流速180mL/h时吸附分离果酸效果最佳. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献