共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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DPYP400型平移——回转喷灌机,于1982年9月通过了黑龙江省科技委员会组织的鉴定,该机可作圆形和平移两种用途。其输水管长397.5m,控制面积1400亩(30mm雨)～2100亩(20mm雨),喷水流量在207m~3/h(平移),～176m~3/h(圆形)。总动力80马力,发电机24kw,入机压力2kg/cm~2。为了兼顾圆形喷洒和平移喷洒的喷灌均匀度,输水管上采用配置主喷头和副喷头的方法,其前段主喷头按圆形机、后段主喷头按平移机配置,并在前后两 相似文献
2.
变量喷洒喷头组合喷灌试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
变量喷头可以根据喷洒地块形状和喷洒量的要求实现射程和流量的同步可控,对精确灌溉具有重要意义.试验研究了基于扇形通孔动静片调节器的变量喷头在系统不同压力工况下组合喷灌时的水量分布及喷灌均匀度等水力性能,并与传统圆形喷洒域喷头进行了对比,研究了变量调节器对喷头性能的影响及其对工作压力的敏感性.工作压力和调节器的双因素重复全面试验结果表明,变量精确灌溉喷头较传统圆形喷洒域喷头单喷头控制面积降低了15.4％,喷灌均匀度提高了9.5％,喷灌强度降低了15.7％,射程损失了5.9％,喷洒域系数可达64.0％.组合均匀度方差分析结果表明,调节器和工作压力以及两者之间的交互作用对组合均匀度都有极显著影响,变量调节器的设计需要满足喷头在不同工作压力工况条件下的性能要求. 相似文献
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多支点喷灌系统管道的水力计算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文用数学解析法分析时针式和平移式喷灌机管道上的流量分布,压力分布以及管道上各点的喷头和调压孔配置等实际问题。数学解析法是假设沿输水管均匀地布置许多小喷头,输水管延伸到灌溉地块的边界处,列出微分方程然后求积分以获得流量和压力的分布规律。采用这种方法的优点是可以用于喷头间距变化或不变的任何机组。并从平移式多孔管的压力和流量分布规律,得到多孔管道的设计方法,也就给管道式喷灌系统的正确设计,提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为了比较Nelson公司生产的R2000WF喷头和相近摇臂式喷头的组合喷灌性能,分别对两种喷头采用正方形布置12m×12m和矩形布置12m×16m条件下的组合喷灌均匀性开展了田间试验研究。结果表明:在工作压力0.20～0.30MPa时,R2000WF喷头和摇臂式喷头的喷灌均匀系数Cu分别为0.78～0.85、0.68～0.83;由单喷头水力性能曲线组合模拟求得的Cu值也表明,在相同工作压力、组合形式及间距条件下,与摇臂式喷头相比,R2000WF喷头具有更高的喷灌均匀性,更适合于低压条件下工作。 相似文献
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以拖移式60m单长跨水动圆形喷灌机样机为研究对象,采用试验方法,研究了水力驱动装置对整机水力性能的影响。考虑到水马达运行将提高水马达周围喷洒量,因此,主要考察了水马达和喷头无堵塞和堵塞水马达前后两个喷头两种情况下的整机水力性能。试验结果表明:采用水力驱动装置将降低机组的喷洒均匀性;但不论是否堵塞水马达前后喷头,整机均匀性系数均在75%以上。堵塞水马达前后喷头情况下的整机均匀性系数比不堵塞情况下高10.6%,这也说明,综合考虑水马达特性和机组喷头的布置,将有利于优化喷灌机机组的水力性能。 相似文献
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轻小型喷灌机组相邻喷头工作压力差对喷灌均匀性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
轻小型喷灌机组实际应用时由于地势变化、水力损失等因素影响相邻喷头间会存在一定的工作压力差,影响组合喷灌均匀性。故选取灌水均匀系数Cu和分布均匀系数Du作为评价指标,研究喷头工作压力与相邻喷头工作压力差对喷灌均匀性的影响规律。以摇臂式喷头10PY为例,通过试验分析当喷头工作压力取3个水平(0.22、0.25、0.28 MPa)、相邻喷头喷灌工作压力差取5个水平(0、0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04 MPa)时的喷灌均匀性及水量分布。结果表明,相邻喷头间工作压力差对喷灌均匀系数和分布均匀系数的影响会因喷头工作压力等级而异,低压条件这种影响对相邻喷头间工作压力差越敏感; 0.25 MPa下组合喷灌均匀性最稳定;相邻喷头间工作压力差的存在会使灌溉水深高值区向下游移动;分布均匀系数Du更能反映相邻工作压力差对灌溉水量低值区的影响,不同工况下分布均匀系数Du最大偏差为8.2%。上述结论能为轻小型喷灌机的优化配置与运行提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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圆形喷灌机作为典型的节水灌溉装备,具有自动化程度高、喷洒效果好、工作效率高等优点,近年来在我国得到很好的推广应用。圆形喷灌机的灌溉质量主要取决于使用的喷头类型及配置方式。分析了圆形喷灌机喷头从中压向低压方向发展演化过程,对各种类型喷头主要性能与参数特征进行了梳理与归纳。综述了各类喷头的结构特征与性能、配置方式等方面研究与应用现状。对圆形喷灌机喷头和配置方式的研究现状分析表明,目前圆形喷灌机使用的喷头普遍为低压旋转折射式喷头,且国内外对于该类喷头的设计与性能等方面的研究尚不完善,亟待展开相关领域研究,促进该类型喷头的国产化,以满足日益增长的规模化农业对大型喷灌机的巨大市场需求。 相似文献
9.
出口可调式变量喷头喷灌均匀性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以喷洒域形状和水量分布均匀性为指标研究变量喷头的喷灌均匀性,分析了影响PY2系列喷头射程和水量分布的关键因素,得知改变单一参数的变量喷头喷灌均匀性较差.为提高变量喷头的灌溉均匀性,设计了出口可调式的变喷洒域喷头,使用流量调节机构改变喷头工作压力,使用出口调节机构改变喷头出口面积,通过出口面积和喷头工作压力的同步调节实现均匀喷洒.测试了出口可调式变量喷头的水力性能,对比了圆形喷嘴变量喷头和出口可调式变量喷头水量分布,出口可调式变量喷头不同射程处喷灌强度相近,喷洒性能优于圆形喷嘴变量喷头.计算了变量喷头的方形喷洒域系数和不同间距下的组合灌溉均匀性,结果显示BPY20变量喷头的方形喷洒域系数为97.8%,最佳组合间距为1.66,组合灌溉均匀性为75.4%;BPY30变量喷头的方形喷洒域系数为91.5%,最佳组合间距为1.69,组合灌溉均匀性为77.2%. 相似文献
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考虑水滴运动蒸发的喷灌水量分布模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提出了有风条件下喷头水滴运动与喷灌水量分布模拟方法,并利用Visual Basic 6.0开发了喷灌水量分布模拟软件.该软件在已知单喷头的径向水量分布数据时,可以模拟出不同风速、风向、空气温湿度等环境条件下单喷头或多喷头组合的喷灌水量分布,计算出喷灌系统的组合喷灌强度、喷灌均匀系数和蒸发损失率.以9708A型喷头为例,分别对工作压力为0.20、0.25和0.30 MPa下单喷头径向水量分布以及喷灌系统组合间距为14 m x 14 m和14 m×12 m时的喷灌水量分布进行了模拟,并与实测值进行了对比,结果表明:模拟的单喷头径向水量分布与实测值总体一致,由模拟水量分布推算的喷头流量与实测值的相对误差为0.83％ ～8.01％;喷灌均匀系数模拟值与实测值的相对误差为0.69％～6.36％,蒸发损失率模拟值为0.51％ ～ 1.75％,小于实测的水量损失率.模拟了不同组合间距下的喷灌水量分布,得到的喷灌均匀系数模拟值与其他软件比较,相对误差在0.11％ ～2.44％之间. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
17.
Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献