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为研究填饲对朗德鹅生长参数和代谢的变化及程度以及生长参数与代谢参数之间的相关性,将30只90日龄朗德鹅公鹅随机平均分为2组笼养.填饲组高频填饲高能玉米,对照组自由采食普通饲料.21 d后测量体重(活重)、肝重、腹脂重;检测血脂和血糖等指标.填饲组较对照组体重、肝重、腹脂重极显著增高(P＜0.01),血糖显著增高(P＜0.05),血甘油三酯(P＜0.01)、总胆固醇和游离脂肪酸(P＜0.05)显著增高;填饲组体重与腹脂重显著正相关,总胆固醇与体重显著负相关.强制填饲后朗德鹅脂代谢、糖代谢均发生严重紊乱,多个参数的相关性较对照组显著改变. 相似文献
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为探讨乳酸菌在填饲过程中对朗德鹅产肝性能、脂肪沉积、屠体性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响,试验选用108只健康、体重相近的12周龄朗德鹅,随机分为试验A组、试验B组和对照组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只。对照组填饲日粮为无乳酸菌菌液的基础日粮,试验A、B组于正式填饲前期(1~5 d)分别在基础日粮中添加2 000、3 000 g/t乳酸菌菌液;正式填饲中期(6~15 d)分别在基础日粮中添加3 000、5 000 g/t乳酸菌菌液;正式填饲后期(16~25 d)不添加乳酸菌菌液。结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加乳酸菌使填饲朗德鹅肥肝成熟期延长(P<0.05),淘汰率降低;与对照组相比,日粮中添加乳酸菌使填饲朗德鹅肝脏脂肪沉积比例下降,试验B组肥肝重、肝脏重/(肠脂重+腹脂重)、肝脏重/填饲期增重显著降低(P<0.05);各组间屠体性能指标均无显著性变化(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验B组粗脂肪表观消化率显著升高(P<0.05),试验A、B组钙、磷的表观消化率显著升高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验A、B组血清中甘油三酯、胆固醇和极低密度脂蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲喂添加乳酸菌的日粮虽可促进鹅体健康,但会延缓鹅肝脏脂肪的沉积,不利于鹅肥肝生产。因此,生产中不宜在朗德鹅填饲日粮中添加乳酸菌。 相似文献
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小麦日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅生长性能影响的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
选用1日龄健康肉用雏鹅108只,采用单因子随机化设计,分6组分别饲喂玉米型饲粮、小麦型饲粮以及在小麦饲粮中添加不同浓度木聚糖酶的饲粮。结果表明:在小麦型饲粮中添加0.2%木聚糖酶的肉鹅采食量显著高于不加酶组(P<0.05),添加0.1%木聚糖酶的肉鹅则次之(P>0.05);从日增重来看,添加0.2%木聚糖酶组极显著高于小麦饲粮组(P<0.01),添加量为0.1%时显著高于小麦饲粮组(P<0.05),且均超过了玉米饲粮组的水平;从料重比看,木聚糖酶的添加量为0.1%时相对于小麦对照组有所降低(P>0.05),但达不到玉米对照组水平。 相似文献
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益生素和酶制剂对鹅产肝性能与盲肠主要菌群的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了探讨益生素和酶制剂对肥肝鹅盲肠菌群及生产性能的影响,研究其在肥肝鹅填饲日粮中应用的可行性,本试验将90只13周龄朗德鹅随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只。第1组为对照组,第2组为0.3%产酶益生素添加组,第3组为0.3%复合NSP酶制剂添加组,填饲4周,试验结束后取盲肠内容物进行微生物培养。结果表明:与对照组相比,第2组盲肠中乳酸杆菌数量为7.63±0.52,提高4.53倍(P<0.01),双歧杆菌数量为6.34±0.62,提高3.64倍(P<0.01),大肠杆菌数量为5.43±0.46,减少66.62%(P<0.01);平均肥肝重为(1099.53±36.82)g,提高12.12%(P<0.05);第3组盲肠中乳酸杆菌数量为7.48±0.41,提高3.89倍(P<0.05),双歧杆菌数量为6.07±0.23,提高3.24倍(P<0.05),大肠杆菌数量为5.62±0.36,减少48.71%(P<0.05);平均肥肝重为(1073.79±42.19)g,提高9.49%(P<0.05)。由此可知,肥肝鹅日粮中添加0.3%的益生素和酶制剂均能不同程度促进鹅肠道乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的生长,抑制大肠杆菌的生长,促进朗德鹅生长及肥肝的形成,降低料肝比,提高饲料的消化率和利用率。 相似文献
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不同油脂对填饲期朗德鹅生产性能、血清指标及肝脏脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同油脂对填饲期朗德鹅产肝性能、脂肪沉积、屠宰性能、血清指标及肝脏脂肪酸组成的影响。选取70日龄朗德鹅母鹅80只,体重为(3.0±0.1)kg,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只。鹅油组为对照组,饲粮中添加2%的鹅油;牛油组、鱼油组和菜籽油组为试验组,饲粮中分别添加2%的牛油、鱼油和菜籽油。预试期7 d,填饲期20 d。结果表明:1)菜籽油组和牛油组的肝脏重均显著高于鱼油组(P0.05),牛油组的肝体比显著高于鹅油组(P0.05)。菜籽油组和鹅油组的活重、全净膛重均显著高于牛油组和鱼油组(P0.05)。2)鱼油组血清甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)含量显著低于鹅油组(P0.05);菜籽油组血清LDL含量显著低于鹅油组(P0.05),且其血清总胆固醇(TC)含量显著低于牛油组(P0.05);牛油组血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量显著高于鹅油组(P0.05);牛油组、鱼油组和菜籽油组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性较鹅油组有不同程度的降低,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。3)与添加鹅油相比,添加鱼油显著降低了肝脏中总饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量(P0.05),显著提高了肝脏中不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)C16∶1、C17∶1、C18∶1n-9、C18∶2n-6、C18∶3n-3、C20∶1n-9、C20∶4n-6、C20∶5n-3、C22∶1n-9、C22∶5n-3、C22∶6n-3、C24∶1n-9及总UFA含量(P0.05);添加菜籽油显著降低了肝脏中总SFA含量(P0.05),显著提高了肝脏中UFA C16∶1、C18∶1n-9、C18∶2n-6、C20∶2、C22∶1n-9及总UFA含量(P0.05);添加牛油显著提高了肝脏中C18∶3n-3、C20∶5n-3、C22∶5n-3、C22∶6n-3及总多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量(P0.05)。由此得出,与添加鹅油相比,饲粮添加菜籽油或牛油时填饲期朗德鹅的产肝性能较佳;添加鱼油和菜籽油可增加填饲期朗德鹅肝脏中PUFA含量,降低血清脂质含量。 相似文献
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添加不同脂肪酸对填饲朗德鹅产肝性能、屠宰性能及体脂沉积的影响* 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
将14周龄、体重相近的健壮朗德鹅120只随机分成6组,每组20只,以玉米作为主要填饲饲料。试验组在对照组日填饲量的基础上分别添加一定量的脂肪酸：6％葵花籽油（葵花籽油组）、6％菜籽油（菜籽油组）、6％牛油（牛油组）、3％鹅油（鹅油Ⅰ组）、2％鹅油（鹅油Ⅱ组）。试验结果表明：添加脂肪酸能影响填饲朗德鹅的产肝性能,其中以葵花籽油效果最好,肝重是对照组的1．37倍,差异显著（P〈0.05）,牛油使填饲朗德鹅产肝下降。添加油脂组对屠宰性能影响不如产肝性能影响明显,菜籽油组在试验中屠宰性能最好且腹脂沉积能力最强,与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）,但是添加脂肪酸组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究小麦替代玉米饲粮添加木聚糖酶对生长猪生长性能、结肠菌群和氮排放的影响.试验选用126头体重约为45 kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交生长猪,分为7组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪.具体分组是:对照组(CON组)饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,W20组饲喂20％小麦基础饲粮,W20X组饲喂20％小麦基础饲粮+200 U/kg木聚糖酶,W40组饲喂40％小麦基础饲粮,W40X组饲喂40％小麦基础饲粮+200 U/kg木聚糖酶,W60组饲喂60％小麦基础饲粮,W60X组饲喂60％小麦基础饲粮+200 U/kg木聚糖酶.试验期50 d.结果表明:与对照组相比,W60组平均日增重显著降低(P＜0.05),料重比显著提高(P＜0.05),结肠梭菌、大肠杆菌数量显著增加(P＜0.05),粪氮排放量显著增加(P＜0.05);W20X和W40X组间平均日增重、料重比差异不显著(P＞0.05);W40X组结肠乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P＜0.05),大肠杆菌、梭菌数量显著降低(P＜0.05),粪样pH、脲酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05).综上所述,木聚糖酶有明显的益生作用,能刺激肠道有益菌增殖并抑制有害菌增殖,减少氮排放.本试验条件下,添加200 U/kg木聚糖酶的小麦饲粮中,小麦最适替代量为40％. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中果胶对28~70日龄扬州鹅生长性能、体尺性状、屠宰性能及脏器指数的影响。选用180只体重相近、健康的28日龄扬州鹅公鹅,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鹅。试验Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂添加1.5%和3.0%果胶的试验饲粮。试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1.5%和3.0%果胶显著降低了42、56、70日龄扬州鹅体重(P0.05),显著降低28~70日龄仔鹅的平均日增重(P0.05),显著提高了28~70日龄仔鹅的料重比(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加3.0%果胶显著降低了70日龄仔鹅的胸深和胸宽(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1.5%果胶显著降低了70日龄仔鹅的胸肌率(P0.05),饲粮中添加3.0%果胶显著降低了70日龄仔鹅的胸肌率和腹脂率(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加3.0%果胶显著提高了70日龄仔鹅的脾脏指数和腺胃指数(P0.05),显著降低了70日龄仔鹅的法氏囊指数和胸腺指数(P0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中果胶对28~70日龄扬州鹅的生长性能、体尺性状、屠宰性能及脏器指数具有不良影响,这提示在生产实践中,对于一些富含果胶的饲料原料,应当注意其使用量。 相似文献
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茶多酚对朗德鹅产肝性能、屠宰性能及体脂沉积的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
将14周龄、体重相近的健康公朗德鹅150只随机分成5组,每组30只,每只一个重复。对照组(第1组)饲喂基础日粮,试验组(第2～5组)在基础日粮中分别添加40、80、160、320mg/kg的茶多酚。试验结果:第4组肝重、肝屠比与对照组和第5组差异均显著(P<0.05),肝体比与对照组和第5组差异均极显著(P<0.01);添加茶多酚对朗德鹅屠宰性能和肝外脂肪沉积的影响差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加茶多酚为160mg/kg时,朗德鹅产肝性能最佳。 相似文献
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Nadine Pa?lack Barbara Mainzer Monika Lahrssen-Wiederholt Helmut Schafft Richard Palavinskas Angele Breithaupt Jürgen Zentek 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(1):57-66
This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations. 相似文献
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Antibacterial effects against Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Aeromonas hydrophila were obtained with subminimal inhibitory concentrations of oxytetracycline and EDTA-tromethamine. Antibacterial effects were not observed with subminimal inhibitory concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide plus oxytetracycline or with dimethyl sulfoxide plus EDTA-tromethamine. Using a 2-dimensional Microtiter checkerboard technique, inhibitory activities of the various combinations of solutions were studied, and isobolograms were plotted. A synergistic effect was seen with combinations of oxytetracycline and EDTA-tromethamine. The greatest synergistic effect was observed when the mixture was caused to react with P mirabilis. These findings were confirmed by kinetic studies of microbial death, using one-fourth minimal inhibitory concentrations of these preparations. 相似文献
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Echocardiography, electrocardiography, and radiography of cats with dilatation cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hyperthyroidism 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N S Moise A E Dietze L E Mezza D Strickland H N Erb N J Edwards 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(7):1476-1486
The echocardiographic, ECG, and radiographic findings of sequentially examined cats with dilatation cardiomyopathy (DCM, n = 7), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, n = 8), and hyperthyroidism (HT, n = 20) were compared with those of healthy control cats (n = 11). Cats with DCM were easily differentiated from healthy cats by echocardiography and from cats with HCM and HT by a dilated left ventricle at end-diastole with a mean +/- SD of 2.20 +/- 0.36 cm, reduced fractional shortening (2.9% +/- 3.7%), reduced aortic amplitude (0.07 +/- 0.05 cm), reduced left ventricular wall amplitude (0.09 +/- 0.09 cm), and increased E-point septal separation (0.83 +/- 0.29 cm). The cats with HCM were most consistently recognized echocardiographically by increased left ventricular wall thickness at end-diastole (0.75 +/- 0.12 cm). Some cats with HT had abnormal echocardiograms with left ventricular wall hypertrophy. These cats could usually be differentiated from the cats with HCM because of normal or increased ventricular wall amplitude, aortic amplitude, or percentage of thickening of the left ventricular wall and interventricular septum. Left atrial enlargement (left atrial diameter greater than 1.57 cm or left atrium/aorta greater than 1.75) was commonly detected by the echocardiogram in cats with DCM, HCM, or HT. The echocardiogram was helpful in differentiating the type of cardiomyopathy (DCM, HCM, or HT) when plain thoracic radiographs indicated that cardiomegaly existed. The ECG may have indicated incorrectly that there was left ventricular enlargement in some cats with HT, and it did not indicate consistently that left ventricular enlargement existed when present in cats with DCM or HCM. The ECG was a poor indicator of left atrial enlargement in all cats. 相似文献
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Toxicology of selected pesticides, drugs, and chemicals. Anticoagulant, cholecalciferol, and bromethalin-based rodenticides 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D C Dorman 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1990,20(2):339-352
The control of rodent pests is a continuing goal of mankind. To this end, a multitude of rodenticides have been produced, each designed to kill rodents by exerting their toxic effects on various body systems. As examples, veterinarians have had to manage companion animal poisonings due to anticoagulant, sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080), thallium, barium carbonate, and zinc phosphide-based rodenticides. Many of these rodenticides were introduced because of their anticipated safety in relation to nontarget species; unfortunately, this has not been the case. Veterinarians must attempt to identify the specific rodenticide involved in poisoning cases. Therapeutic success in these poisonings is often more dependent upon symptomatic and supportive care rather than the use of antidotal therapy. 相似文献
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Comparative cardiovascular, analgesic, and sedative effects of medetomidine, medetomidine-hydromorphone, and medetomidine-butorphanol in dogs 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
OBJECTIVE: To compare sedative, analgesic, and cardiopulmonary effects after IV administration of medetomidine (20 microg/kg), medetomidine-hydromorphone (20 microg of medetomidine/kg and 0.1 mg of hydromorphone/kg), and medetomidine-butorphanol (20 microg of medetomidine/kg and 0.2 mg of butorphanol tartrate/kg) in dogs. ANIMALS: 6 dogs healthy mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURE: Instruments were surgically inserted, and heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure (CVP), core body temperature, and cardiac output (CO) were measured 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after injection. Cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), stroke index (SI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were calculated. Arterial samples for blood gas analysis were collected 0, 15, and 45 minutes after injection. Intensity of analgesia, degree of sedation, and degree of muscle relaxation were evaluated at aforementioned time points and 75, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 minutes after injection. RESULTS: Administration of medetomidine, medetomidine-hydromorphone, and medetomidine-butorphanol was associated with increases in SAP, MAP, DAP, MPAP, PCWP, CVP, SVR, PVR, core body temperature, and PaCO2 and decreases in HR, CO, CI, SV, SI, RR, pH, and PaO2. Clinically important differences were not detected among treatments. Medetomidine-hydromorphone and medetomidine-butorphanol provided a longer duration of sedation and better quality of analgesia, compared with medetomidine alone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Medetomidine-hydromorphone or medetomidine-butorphanol is associated with improved analgesia and sedation but has cardiopulmonary effects comparable to those for medetomidine alone. 相似文献
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Longissimus muscle area and fat thickness were measured following weaning, at yearling, and prior to harvest using real-time ultrasound, and corresponding carcass measurements were recorded 3 to 7 d following the preharvest scan in composite steers (n = 116, 447 +/- 19 d), bulls (n = 224, 521 +/- 11 d), and heifers (n = 257,532 +/- 12 d). Although fat deposition was limited in bulls and heifers from weaning to yearling, coefficients of variation ranged from 8.46 to 13.46% for muscle area, and from 27.55 to 38.95% for fat thickness, indicating that significant phenotypic variance exists across genders. Residual correlations, adjusted for the effects of year of birth, gender, and age at measurement, were high and ranged from 0.79 to 0.87 among ultrasound and carcass measures of muscle area. Residual correlations among ultrasound and carcass measures of fat thickness were also high, ranging from 0.64 to 0.86. Weaning and/or yearling ultrasound muscle area yielded similarly accurate predictions of carcass muscle area. Yearling ultrasound fat thickness accounted for 13% more of the observed variance in carcass fat thickness than the weaning ultrasound measure in single-trait prediction models. When both weaning and yearling ultrasound measures were used to predict carcass fat thickness, partial R2 values were 0.15 and 0.61 for weaning and yearling ultrasound fat thickness, respectively. The difference between predicted and carcass measures with respect to muscle area (fat thickness) was less than 6.45 cm2 (2.5 mm) for 80.2 to 88.9% (90.3 to 95%) of animals. Preharvest ultrasound measures yielded standard errors of prediction of less than 4.95 cm2 for muscle area and 1.51 mm or less for fat thickness. These results indicate that ultrasound measures taken between weaning and yearling provide accurate predictors of corresponding carcass traits in steers, bulls, and heifers. 相似文献