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饲料工业中广泛应用的饲料添加剂(如抗生素、激素等)大多属于化学合成类,这类添加剂在提高畜禽的养殖效益方面做出了积极贡献.但是,长期大量使用抗生素、化学合成药物和激素类物质会破坏自然环境中微生物间的生态平衡.同时,抗生素、激素类药物在体内的残留使畜禽产品品质下降,影响人类的健康.而且药物残留使畜产品无法通过发达国家设置的绿色壁垒,严重影响了我国畜产品的出口. 相似文献
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如何从源头上控制出口畜禽养殖药物残留,是我国当前出口畜禽养殖发展所需要解决的重大课题。本文就出口畜禽药物残留的现状、影响出口畜禽药残超标的因素及养殖过程药残的控制措施等方面,作个简单综述。1出口畜禽药物残留的现状近年来,由于动物疫病、兽药、重金属等有毒有害物质超标而被一些国家退货、销毁,甚至中断贸易往来。例如1995、1996年,欧盟兽医委员会派员对我国进行了考察和评估,认为我国的兽医卫生状况达不到要求。又如2002年出口到欧盟的禽肉中检出硝基呋喃类、环丙沙星、和抗生素类药物残留,这都严重影响了我国的进出口贸易。2… 相似文献
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我国水产资源丰富，养殖历史悠久，水产品又是重要的出口农产品．出口数量连续多年居世界之首。但是，近几年来．我国水产品药物残留问题不断发生，水产品出口也因药物残留问题屡屡受阻．不仅威胁我国水产品的卫生安全，给许多出口加工企业和养殖场（户）造成了巨大的经济损失．而且严重影响了我国水产品质量的形象。解决水产品药物残留问题．提高我国水产品卫生安全质量．已成当务之急。 相似文献
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药物饲料添加剂对环境影响的研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
药物残留主要是由于不合理使用药物治疗动物疾病和作为饲料药物添加剂饲喂动物而引起的。饲料添加剂可以改善畜禽健康状况、提高繁殖力和生产性能,并通过调节采食量及提高营养物质和能量的消化率,提高饲料转化率和营养物质的利用效率。因此,饲料添加剂已成为动物生长、繁育和预防疾病等不可缺少的组成部分。但由于使用不当和认识上的偏差,滥用和超标使用药物饲料添加剂的现象十分严重。药物饲料添加剂已是猪肉中药物残留的主要来源。兽药残留也是影响禽肉出口的三个关键风险因子之一。发达国家很早就开始关注兽药残留问题。大多数国家在评价… 相似文献
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安全的饲料是动物性食品安全的前提,研究发现,在品种、防疫、饲料和饲料管理等因素中,饲料对动物性食品安全的影响最大,比重达40％以上。不安全饲料的投喂往往是众多病原菌、病毒及毒素的重要传播途径。农药、兽药、各种添加剂、激素和放射性元素等在饲养过程中可能会危害畜禽,在畜禽体内的残留则会危害人类并随着畜禽排泄的粪便污染土壤、水源和空气,形成新的污染源。目前,我国部分养殖企业片面地追求商业效益,违反有关饲料法规,滥用抗生素、促生长激素和一些化学合成药物,导致畜禽产品中药物残留过高,从而危及人类健康,影响中国畜禽产品的出口和在国际上的声誉。 相似文献
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饲料加工企业引入HACCP体系的必要性设想 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着科学进步和人类物质生活的不断提高,食品的安全卫生要求越来越严,人们普遍对食品的安全卫生问题极为关注,已将食品安全卫生由餐桌转向食品原料来源地（养殖、种植、天然等）。而饲料作为养殖的必备材料,其安全卫生已直接或间接地影响到畜禽产品或人类。就目前而言,在饲料中使用违禁药物、滥用色素、兽药残留和有毒有害物超标的现象时有发生,已对人类健康和生存环境产生危害。虽然我国颁布的饲料卫生标准（ GB13078）近十年,但在控制饲料卫生方面仍有不足和不完善,特别是药残危害控制基本上处于非受控状态。那么如何控制饲料的… 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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