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1.
北京某牛场24头经BLT检测为阳性的隐型乳房炎患牛,共发现有32个患病乳区,将24头牛分成4个组,每组6头（8个患病乳区）。分别用重组溶葡萄球菌酶粉200U/乳区、400U/乳区、600U/乳区3个剂量,对照组以注射用头孢噻呋钠0.25g/乳区给药,每天早晚挤奶后乳池灌注,共用4d,研究不同剂量重组溶葡萄球菌酶对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗效果。结果显示,3个剂量重组溶葡萄球菌酶均能降低牛奶中的体细胞数。200U剂量组降低隐性乳房炎牛奶中的体细胞的作用略优于头孢噻呋钠（P〉0.05）;400U、600U剂量组降低隐性乳房炎牛奶中的体细胞的作用显著优于头孢噻呋钠（P〈0.01）;400U、600U剂量组降低隐性乳房炎牛奶中的体细胞的作用无差异（P〉0.05）。重组溶葡萄球菌酶是治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎的安全有效的药物。 相似文献
2.
利用PortaSCC奶牛隐性乳房炎测试技术对太原和朔州两地的奶牛隐性乳房炎进行了监测。结果显示,PortaSC妒隐性乳房炎测试技术方法简便·陕捷、测定数据准确,具有较大的应用价值;奶牛隐性乳房炎头阳性率为55．5％（111／2O0）,乳区阳性率为26．34％（196／744）;3胎及以上奶牛乳房炎阳性率达到70．18％（40／57）并显著高于1-2胎35．42％（17／48）（P〈0．01）;奶牛个体混合乳样体细胞与个体乳区乳样体细胞平均数呈直线相关,差异极显著（r=0.7418,t〉t0.01,P〈0．01）。 相似文献
3.
对重庆部分地区６个奶牛场１１８头泌乳奶牛进行临床型乳房炎的病因及发病情况调查,并对其中７６头泌４乳奶牛进行隐性乳房炎检查,同时对２２６份患乳房炎和健康奶牛奶样进行细菌学分离鉴定。结果表明：临床型乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为８．４７％（１０／１１８）和３．３２％（１５／４５２）;隐性乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为７８．９４％（６０／７６）和５０．３４％（１４８／２９４）;临床型乳房炎、隐性乳房炎奶牛的阳性乳区奶样和健康奶牛的奶样细菌检出率分别为８６．６７％（１３／１５）、８７．８３％（１３０／１４８）和７３．００％（４６／６３）;检出的细菌主要是葡萄球菌和链球菌。 相似文献
4.
奶牛隐性乳房炎的流行病学调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了降低奶牛隐性乳房炎对奶牛养殖业的危害,采用中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽医研究所研制的奶牛隐性乳房炎诊断液（LMT）．随机对某奶牛场的400头奶牛进行乳房炎调查,结果表明：④该场奶牛隐性乳房炎的阳性率为55．00％,乳区阳性率为49．81％;②隐性乳房炎的发病率随季节的变化而变化,以第2季度最高,达71％,与其他季节相比差异显著（P〈0．05）：③该场奶牛隐性乳房炎主要以左前乳区的发病率最高（53．41％）,但4个乳区的差异不显著;（4）被检奶牛中,头4胎发病率随胎次的增加而降低,4胎以上发病率随胎次的增加有上升的趋势。2胎和5胎以上的差异不显著（P〉0．05）,与其他胎次差异显著（P〈0．05）;（5）泌乳期各月隐性乳房炎的阳性检出率以产后1～2月内差异极显著（P〈0．01）．以后随泌乳月份的增加呈上升趋势;（6）日泌乳量在20kg以下奶牛的患病率为68．00％,显著高于日产奶量20kg以上奶牛（42．00％,P〈0．05）的患病率。 相似文献
5.
重庆部分地区泌乳奶牛乳房炎的病因及发病情况调查 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
对重庆部分地区６个奶牛场１１８头泌乳奶牛进行临床型乳房炎的病因及发病情况调查,并对其中７６头泌４乳奶牛进行隐性乳房炎检查。同时对２２６份患乳房炎和健康奶牛奶样进行细菌学分离鉴定,结果表明：临床型乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为８．４７％（１０／１１８）和３．３２％（１５／４５２）;隐性乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为７８．９４％（６０／７６）和５０．３４％（１４８／２９４）;临床型乳房炎、隐性乳房炎奶牛的阳性 相似文献
6.
湖北地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定与耐药性分析 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
本研究旨在分离鉴定湖北地区致奶牛乳房炎的病原菌，鉴定细菌的耐药特征．为奶牛乳房炎防治提供理论依据。从湖北两个主要奶牛小区的9个不同规模的奶牛场采集牛奶样本200份，经检测．其中3份为临床乳房炎样本，49份为隐性乳房炎。两地区隐性乳房炎的检出率分别为36．4％（20／55）与20％（29／145）。两地区乳房炎牛奶的细菌种类分布也各不同。其中武汉东西湖地区停乳链球菌的分离率最高，占33.3％（8／24）．而宜昌夷陵区以金黄色葡萄球菌分离率最高，占29％（9／31），其次为无乳链球菌，占25．8％（8／31）。从乳房炎牛奶中共分离到7种细菌共55株，其中金黄色葡萄球菌11株，表皮葡萄球菌10株，无乳链球菌10株，停乳链球菌14株，乳房链球菌2株，大肠埃希氏菌4株，克雷伯氏菌4株。分别对所有分离株进行12种药物的敏感性试验，结果表明所有菌株对先锋V、氧氟沙星均高度敏感．对临床常用的青霉素、链霉素具有较高的耐药性。 相似文献
7.
阿莫西林钠对奶牛乳房炎的防治试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对奶牛临床型乳房炎的治疗试验结果表明,以5 mg/kg体重,肌肉注射阿莫西林钠,1日2次,连用3 d,治愈率达91.3%,对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗结果表明:治疗组产犊后隐性乳房炎乳区阳性率分别为78.6%和7.1%,与青霉素-链霉素粉针药物对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
8.
9.
本研究利用BNT诊断法普查，应用乳炎康对5头患有“＋”隐性乳房炎奶牛。15头患有“＋＋”隐性乳房炎奶牛。5头患有“＋＋＋”隐性乳房炎奶牛进行治疗效果试验，结果表明：显效率均达100％。对奶牛“＋”治愈100％，对“＋＋”奶牛治愈率80％。比青霉素药物治疗对照组提高20个百分点：对“＋＋＋”奶牛治愈率60％。试验中对15头患有“＋＋”隐性乳房炎奶牛进行乳炎康不同剂量的治疗效果试验结果发现．以开水冲后加清凉水调匀口服。每日一次，每次每头牛300克，连用5天，治疗效果最佳。临床推荐该量。临床观察治愈后试验牛无任何不良反应，所产牛奶各项指标全部达到国家标准，中药“乳炎康”对奶牛及所产牛奶无任何不良影响。经生物统计学方法计算，乳炎康对奶牛乳房炎治疗效果极显著（P〈0．01）。 相似文献
10.
宁波市奶牛乳房炎发病及综合防治试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解宁波地区奶牛乳房炎发病及主要病原菌构成,采用乳房炎诊断试剂(HMT)对宁波市8个奶牛场307头泌乳牛的1249个乳区进行了隐性乳房炎流行情况调查,采集HMT反应阳性(++)及强阳性(+++)乳区奶样进行细菌分离与鉴定;用纸片扩散法检测主要病原菌对常用抗菌药物敏感性,并选择具代表性牧场进行乳房炎综合防治试验。结果显示,宁波市奶牛隐性乳房炎的头阳性率为71.3%,乳区阳性率为33.5%。主要病原菌的检出率依次为:凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌47.1%、无乳链球菌20.4%、停乳链球菌17.3%、金黄色葡萄球菌5.1%和乳房链球菌3.9%。主要病原菌对青霉素、氨苄青霉素、庆大霉素、复方新诺明和链霉素等药物有不同程度的耐药性,对头孢类及苯唑青霉素敏感。综合防治措施的实施可以明显降低桶奶总细菌数,改善牛奶品质。 相似文献
11.
Karin Persson Waller Ylva Persson Ann-Kristin Nyman Lena Steng?rde 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):9
Background
Studies outside the Nordic countries have indicated that subclinical mastitis (measured by milk somatic cell count or the California Mastitis Test), intramammary infections (IMI), or blind quarters in beef cows may have negative effects on beef calf growth. Knowledge on prevalence of such udder health problems in Swedish beef cows is scarce. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate subclinical mastitis, IMI and udder conformation in a number of beef cow herds. Production of β-lactamase in staphylococci was also investigated. Associations between certain cow factors and subclinical mastitis and IMI, and associations between cow and calf factors and 200 day calf weaning weight were also studied. The herds were visited once within a month after calving and once at weaning. Udder examination and quarter milk sampling, for somatic cell count and bacteriology, were performed in 8 to 12 cows per herd and occasion.Results
Approximately 50%, 40% and 10% of the cows had subclinical mastitis, IMI, and at least one blind quarter, respectively, but the prevalence varied markedly between herds. Intramammary infections (mainly due to staphylococci) were identified in 13-16% of the milk samples. Less than 5% of the staphylococcal isolates produced β-lactamase. Approximately 11% of the cows sampled twice had the same IMI (mostly Staphylococcus aureus) at both samplings. Cow factors of importance for subclinical mastitis and/or IMI were teat and udder shape, breed, parity, presence of blind quarters, and cow hygiene. No significant associations were found between udder health parameters studied and calf weaning weights.Conclusions
Subclinical mastitis and IMI, but not blind quarters, were common in beef cows, but the prevalence varied markedly between herds. Most IMI were caused by staphylococci and more than 95% of those were sensitive to penicillin. Cows with large funnel-shaped teats or pendulous udder after calving, and cows with blind quarters were at risk of having subclinical mastitis and/or IMI. Poor hygiene was also a risk factor for udder health problems. No significant associations were found between udder health and calf weaning weight. More studies on risk factors are warranted to improve advisory services on awareness and prevention of mastitis in beef cows. 相似文献12.
Shpigel NY Kass PH Saran A 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2006,53(8):418-422
The efficacy of two dry cow treatment (DCT) regimens for subclinical Staphylococcus aureus mastitis was evaluated in naturally infected dairy cows. At dry-off, cows were assigned to two treatment groups by randomized blocks on the basis of parity and somatic cell count (SCC). Two antibiotic DCT regimens were used, namely: (1) a single intramammary infusion containing sodium nafcillin, procaine benzylpenicillin and dihydrostreptomycin; and (2) systemic cefquinome administered intramuscularly, twice at a 24-h interval. In the intramammary (IMM) treatment group, the S. aureus intramammary infection (IMI) rate was reduced from 40% (56/140 quarters) before dry-off to 20% (28/140) after calving. Seventy per cent (39/56) of the S. aureus-positive quarters were negative after calving, and 13% (11/84) of the negative quarters were positive after calving. In the systemic treatment group, the S. aureus IMI rate increased from 39% (29/74 quarters) before dry-off to 55% (41/74) after calving. Twenty-eight per cent (8/29) of the S. aureus-positive quarters were negative after calving and 45% (20/45) of the negative quarters were positive after calving. The odds ratio of an S. aureus-positive quarter being negative after calving in the IMM group relative to the systemic therapy group was 44.6 (95% confidence interval = 2.1-909.1, P < 0.01). Parity, quarter, milk SCC and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were tested in the model, and were found to have no significant effect on S. aureus cure rates or new IMI rates. The IMM treatment resulted in a higher cure rate compared with that observed in previous studies. The very low cure rate after systemic cefquinome treatment was comparable to the spontaneous cure rate observed in untreated controls in previous studies. The unfavourable results of the cefquinome systemic DCT might reflect inadequate pharmacokinetic properties of the drug regarding poor udder penetration in subclinical mastitis and short antimicrobial effect compared with the IMM treatment. 相似文献
13.
Intramammary treatment of clinical mastitis of dairy cows with a combination of lincomycin and neomycin, or penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
McDougall S 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2003,51(3):111-116
AIM: To compare clinical and bacteriological cure rates of clinical mastitis following treatment with intramammary preparations containing either lincomycin and neomycin or penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin. METHODS: Cases of clinical mastitis were sourced from four seasonal-calving dairy herds in the central Waikato region of New Zealand during the first 120 days of lactation. Affected quarters were infused three times at 12 h intervals with either 333 mg lincomycin plus 100 mg neomycin (lin/neo; 197 glands),or 1,000 mg penicillin plus 500 mg dihydrostreptomycin (pen/DHS; 207 glands). Milk samples were collected for bacteriology from each quarter immediately before and approximately 21 days after initiation of treatment. Additionally, a composite milk sample from each cow was collected, on average, 54 days after enrolment for assessment of milk yield, composition and somatic cell count (SCC). The probability of bacterial cure was initially analysed using Chi-squared analysis, and factors that were associated (p<0.2) were offered to a reverse stepwise logistic regression model. Continuous variables (e.g. milk solids production and log10 SCC) were analysed using general linear models. RESULTS: A total of 404 quarters diagnosed with clinical mastitis, from 282 cows in the first 120 days of lactation, were included. Streptococcus uberis, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 56.5%, 18.8% and 10.0% of the bacteriologically positive quarters. There was no difference in the bacteriological cure rate (76.7% vs 76.7%, OR=0.94; p>0.8), the log10 SCC (2.1, SE 0.1, vs 2.0, SE 0.1; p>0.3) or milk production (1.2, SE 0.1, vs 1.2, SE 0.1, kg milksolids/cow/day; p>0.7) between lin/neo vs pen/DHS treatments, respectively. However, the proportion of cows re-treated following initial treatment was higher for the lin/neo compared to pen/DHS-treated group (16.3% vs 5.2%, OR=3.46; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: No difference in bacteriological cure rate, milk production or SCC was evident between lin/neo and pen/DHS intramammary treatments for clinical mastitis in dairy cows during the first 120 days of lactation. KEYWORDS: Dairy cow, mastitis, intramammary, antibiotic, treatment, somatic cell count. 相似文献
14.
Persson Waller K Grönlund U Johannisson A 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2003,50(3):121-127
Udder health problems associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections in dairy cows are difficult to control and antibiotics have limited effects. Lately, more interest has been directed towards ways to stimulate the innate immune mechanisms of the animal for better prevention and treatment of mastitis. The objectives of this study were to investigate if intramammary infusion at drying off with the immune modulator beta1,3-glucan can make the udder more resistant to experimental intra mammary S. aureus infection at this time, and to study if intramammary infusion of beta1,3-glucan into lactating udder quarters with chronic subclinical S. aureus infection can stimulate the clearing of the infection. Another aim was to evaluate the effect of beta1,3-glucan on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC class II) on mammary leucocytes, measured by flow cytometry, during these circumstances. The results indicated a slight, but not statistically significant, positive effect of beta1,3-glucan at drying off on the clinical and anti-bacterial response to S. aureus infection, but no therapeutic effect of beta1,3-glucan treatment of udder quarters with chronic subclinical S. aureus mastitis. However, the proportion of MHCII+ milk lymphocytes tended to increase after glucan infusion in those udder quarters indicating a stimulation of the antigen presenting ability. To further evaluate a possible preventive effect of beta1,3-glucan infusion at drying off more studies are needed involving a larger number of animals. 相似文献
15.
The use of polyethylene intramammary device in protection of the lactating bovine udder against experimental infection with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus agalactiae. 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0 
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下载免费PDF全文 The susceptibility of lactating bovine udder quarters fitted with a polyethylene intramammary device to infection was investigated. Following experimental challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae or Staphylococcus aureus, the incidence of infection was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower in intramammary device-fitted quarters compared to control quarters. In general, total foremilk and strippings milk somatic cell counts for intramammary device-fitted and control quarters were not significantly (p less than 0.05) different. Differential foremilk and strippings milk somatic cell counts were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in samples from intramammary device-fitted quarters compared to control quarters. 相似文献
16.
AIM: To test the non-inferiority of a novel combination intramammary product containing penicillin and cloxacillin to a reference intramammary product containing oxytetracycline, oleandomycin, neomycin and prednisolone with regard to bacteriological cure and clinical cure.METHODS: Clinical cases of mastitis were sourced from 30 spring-calving dairy farms in the Southland region of New Zealand. Affected quarters were infused three times at 24 hourly intervals with either the novel combination product containing 1?g penicillin and 200?mg cloxacillin, or a reference product containing 200?mg oxytetracycline, 100?mg oleandomycin, 100?mg neomycin and 5?mg prednisolone. Cows were enrolled when a farmer detected a case of clinical mastitis. Milk samples were collected for microbiological culture immediately before treatment (Day 0) and on Days 9, 16 and 23. Bacteriological cure was compared for 187 and 178 quarters treated with the reference and novel product, respectively, and clinical cure was compared for 235 and 223 quarters, respectively. Non-inferiority was assessed by calculating the difference in cure rates between the two products and constructing a 95% CI around the difference, using the variance inflation factor to account for herd level clustering. The non-inferiority margin was 20% for both bacteriological and clinical cure. Generalising estimating equation models were used to determine predictor variables.RESULTS: The bacteriological cure percentage, adjusted to account for herd-level clustering, was 8.5 (95% CI=?1.7–21.8)% higher for quarters treated with the novel than the reference product. The adjusted clinical cure percentage was 0.3 (95% CI=?11.2–12.0)% higher for clinical quarters treated with the novel than the reference product. Bacterial species was the only covariate for bacteriological cure (p=0.003), and quarter score at enrolment (indicating udder inflammation) was the only covariate for clinical cure (p=0.032) in the multivariable models.CONCLUSION: The novel combination product was demonstrated to be non-inferior to the reference product with regards to both bacteriological cure and clinical cure.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians treating mastitis now have access to this novel combination intramammary product, and demonstration of its non-inferiority compared to the existing reference product will provide options for treatment approaches. The novel product contains fewer antimicrobials; which are of a narrower spectrum of activity. 相似文献
17.
The short- and long-term treatment efficacy of administrating penicillin for bovine subclinical mastitis during lactation when using intramuscular (IM; 9.5 mg [15,000 IU]/kg bodyweight of benzyl penicillin potassium) injections twice daily for 5 days, or intramammary (IMM; 0.3g [300,000 IU] penethamate hydroiodide) administration once daily for 5 days was compared with a control group receiving no treatment. One hundred and twenty-six cows met the inclusion criteria, which were lack of clinical symptoms, no recent treatment with antimicrobials, and findings of penicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, or Streptococcus uberis in combination with an inflammatory reaction. At follow-up 42-58 days after treatment, the proportion of cows negative for the original infection was significantly higher in IM and IMM groups compared to controls, but the difference between antimicrobial treatment groups was not significant. The udder quarter milk somatic cell count (SCC) was significantly lower at follow-up in IM and IMM groups than in controls, but milk production did not differ between treatments. The culling rate during the 10-month period following treatment was significantly higher in the group treated with IMM penicillin than in the other two groups, but the risk of new mastitis treatments within 10 months did not differ between the three groups. The cure rate was significantly affected by lactation number (lower in older cows), breed (lower in the Swedish Holstein breed), pathogen (lower for S. aureus), and pre-treatment SCC (higher for above average SCC). In conclusion, beneficial long-term effects of antimicrobial treatment during lactation of subclinical mastitis caused by S. aureus, Str. dysgalactiae or Str. uberis were not found in the present study. 相似文献
18.
The objective of this study was to estimate the efficacy of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) to bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Eighteen lactating cows with clinical mastitis and 18 lactating cows with experimental mastitis (1 quarter per cow) were randomly assigned to three treatments: IgY (20mg/ml) infusion, penicillin (100mg/ml) infusion and no infusion. Treatments for clinical mastitis and experimental mastitis were performed by a 6-day course of intramammary infusion with a dosage of 10ml at an interval of 12h. Milk samples were collected at morning milking time for testing color, clot, somatic cell counts (SCC) and bacterial count. For most of the cows treated with IgY and penicillin, the milk color and clot recovered to normal form during the therapy course. The milk SCCs and bacterial counts of treated cows decreased compared to those of untreated cows (p<0.05). The cure rates by IgY for experimental and clinical mastitis were 83.3% and 50%, respectively, and those by penicillin were 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. These results showed the potential of specific IgY to be an alternative therapy for mastitis caused by S. aureus. 相似文献
19.
Edinger D Tenhagen BA Kalbe P Klünder G Baumgärtner B Heuwieser W 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2000,47(8):463-468
The effect of teat dipping with a barrier teat dip prior to parturition on intramammary infection (IMI) and clinical mastitis during the first 5 days post-partum was investigated in a split udder trial in 149 Holstein-Frisian heifers. Their left front and right hind quarters were dipped three times weekly (i.e. Monday, Wednesday and Friday) with a barrier teat dip containing 0.1% polyvidon iodine from day 260 of gestation until parturition. The opposite quarters (right front and left hind quarter) served as untreated control. Bacteria were isolated from 52.2% of quarter milk samples collected immediately after parturition prior to first machine milking. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were predominantly found in the samples (29.2 and 35.6% of the positive samples, respectively). At parturition 6.7% of the heifers showed signs of clinical mastitis and another 27.5% developed signs of clinical mastitis during the first five days of lactation. No significant differences were found between treated and control quarters regarding IMI and incidence of clinical mastitis. Teat dipping prior to parturition in primigravid dairy heifers did not improve udder health in this trial. 相似文献
20.
The coagulase-negative staphylococcal species causing mastitis in lactating cattle were identified and possible differences in the clinical characteristics or persistence of mastitis caused by different CNS were evaluated. The effect of antimicrobial treatment was also assessed. In addition, AFLP-typing of CNS was compared with the phenotypic identification. A total of 133 clinical or subclinical quarter cases of intramammary infection caused by CNS from the practice area of the Ambulatory Clinic of the University of Helsinki were studied. Bacteriological diagnosis was based on biochemical (API) testing. Staphylococcus simulans (43.6%) followed by S. chromogenes (23.3%) were the most common CNS species isolated from the milk samples. Ninety-nine isolates were genotyped using AFLP-analysis. Only 75.0% of S. chromogenes and S. simulans isolates identified with API test were clustered with the type strains of these species. Approximately half of the mastitis cases were clinical, and in the majority clinical signs were mild. The severity and persistence of intramammary infection were unaffected by CNS species. Fifty-nine percent of the quarter cases were treated with antimicrobials, and the rest were left without treatment. Mastitis due to beta-lactamase-negative CNS was treated with penicillin G and that due to beta-lactamase-positive CNS with cloxacillin. Nineteen percent of the isolates were beta-lactamase-positive. The bacterial cure rate for quarters treated with antimicrobials was high, 85.9%, as opposed to only 45.5% for untreated quarters. Bacterial cure rates for the most common CNS species or AFLP clusters were not statistically different. Further studies on identification of CNS species are needed. 相似文献