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产卵场特有的水力条件是四大家鱼繁衍的重要因素,尤其是流量脉冲引发的流速上涨是刺激家鱼产卵、保证鱼卵孵化的关键水力因子;流域梯级开发改变了天然河道的流量脉冲过程,导致产卵场破碎萎缩、鱼苗锐减。为揭示梯级开发对湘江干流四大家鱼产卵场水力特征的影响机理,建立了湘江干流家鱼产卵场二维数值模型,模拟了梯级开发前后典型高低流量脉冲过程,分析梯级开发对鱼类产卵场的影响。结果表明,梯级开发后,水流结构复杂性减弱甚至消失,高、低流速脉冲过程变得“尖锐”,流速上涨时间缩短50%（高流量脉冲）和67%（低流量脉冲）,高流量过程的 “喜好流速”或“触发流速”基本消失,低流量过程大部分流速均低于“腰点流速”;对流速上涨过程中平均流速分级水域面积统计表明,低于“腰点流速”面积分别扩大至3.0倍（Q高）和3.2倍（Q低）,“感应流速”范围水域面积减少至天然情况的15.8%（Q高）和1.2%（Q低）,“触发流速”范围面积减小至天然情况的1.5%（Q高）和1.6%（Q低）,“喜好流速”范围面积减小至天然情况的2.0%（Q高）和3.1%（Q低）。研究结果可为鱼类资源保护和恢复等措施提供参考和依据。 相似文献
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欧洲各国虽然国情不同,但在鱼类保护问题上均面临着类似的难题,即如何恢复洄游鱼类的洄游通道;各国在该问题上密切合作与信息共享,取得了良好的效果,积累了丰富的经验。介绍了欧洲“共同体河流”项目恢复鱼类洄游通道的解决办法、监测与评价、信息交流等方面的研究与实践。 相似文献
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围绕生物通道恢复面临的科学、技术问题进行方案设计与分析,搭建生物通道恢复技术框架,为推动长江中下游江湖生态保护和修复工作提供技术思路与借鉴参考。以涨渡湖群为研究试点,系统总结了该水域江湖洄游鱼类在“长江-湖泊”的迁徙、洄游规律,掌握鱼类入湖和出湖习性。围绕幼鱼入湖、成鱼入湖与出湖等不同生活史阶段的需求,结合河湖水位变化特征与影响、现有工程及调度措施的局限性,提出了“季节性灌江纳苗”“生态水网+过鱼设施”及调度运行等方案,从保障江湖洄游性鱼类生活史完成的角度搭建生物通道恢复框架。工程建设、综合调度和管理措施旨在解决江湖复合生态系统江湖阻隔问题,以达到洄游鱼类及生物多样性恢复、河湖水生生境修复的目标。 相似文献
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由于鱼类洄游是大尺度的水生动物迁徙运动,恢复鱼类洄游通道规划应在流域尺度进行。本文讨论了恢复鱼类洄游通道规划要点,包括河流鱼类调查及评价方法、规划范围和流域恢复洄游通道目标量化方法,提出了恢复鱼类洄游鱼类通道项目的优先排序方法,并以保护和恢复多瑙河鲟鱼规划作为典型案例进行了分析。恢复鱼类洄游鱼类通道项目的优先排序方法中,应根据工程性质、特点和当地自然条件确定优先排序准则,从而选择重点河段和重点工程,解决洄游通道中的关键问题。优先排序准则包括有效性、栖息地适宜性、效益/投资分析、自然保护区范围、预期物种多样性、鱼类生产力和栖息地面积等。在保护和恢复多瑙河鲟鱼规划案例中,确定了多瑙河鱼类洄游障碍物的5个等级划分标准和评分等级,采用改进的多准则多权重分级计分法计算了各障碍物的排序指标。在671处障碍物中,29处为最优先排序,99处为中等排序,543处为低等级排序。其中,位于多瑙河中游和下游的铁门水电站Ⅰ、Ⅱ级是流域内的主要障碍物。优先级排序方法为恢复鱼类洄游通道提供了指导意见。 相似文献
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对长江重庆段干流与8条主要支流的鱼类组成及主要生境进行了调查,并做了对比分析。结果显示:嘉陵江、乌江、綦河、小江、大宁河与长江干流的类似性系数(AFR值)大于80%,为共同区系关系,其中嘉陵江与干流的类似性系数最高。各支流与干流鱼类组成(包括鱼类种类总数、长江上游特有、珍稀、濒危鱼类数)的共有比例各有差异,其中嘉陵江最高,五布河最低。各支流的产卵场数较干流少,但都是以粘性卵产卵场为主,漂流性卵产卵场比例很低。其中,梅溪河没有发现漂流性卵产场,而五布河内漂流性卵产场和粘性卵产场均没有发现。各主要支流洄游通道最长的是小江,为146.5 km,最短的是五布河,仅19 km。河口流量最大的是嘉陵江,为2 100 m~3/s,最小的是五布河,为7.74 m~3/s。综合比较8条支流的鱼类分布情况,嘉陵江是最适宜作为长江重庆段干流替代生境的支流。 相似文献
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鲥鱼──近年长江禁捕鱼类鲱形目鲱科鱼类在长江及其附近海域分布有６种，但以鲥鱼个体为最大，洄游路线也最长。除绝大部分分布在长江干流的中下游及洞庭湖，鄱阳湖水系外，文献记载在湖北省宜昌江段也曾有发现，故是我国鲱科洄游性鱼类中的一个典型代表。鲥鱼是长江中下... 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
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T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献