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1.
东海有尾类数量分布 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
根据1997~2000年东海23°30′~33°N、118°30′~128°E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,探讨了东海有尾类数量分布和季节变化。结果表明:秋季有尾类丰度最高,均值为149 ind/100m3,夏季38 ind/100m3,冬季20 ind/100m3,春季9 ind/100m3;有尾类数量在冬春夏季与水温和盐度相关关系不显著,秋季与表温有显著的正相关关系。有尾类数量季节变化机制具有暖水种的特征,这些特征形成与其优势种适温适盐特性有密切的关系。东海有尾类的数量波动,与东海暖流势力消长有密切的联系,也同暖流势力从夏到秋季维持一段时间有密切的关系。在东海,暖流势力较强的海域往往可以成为有尾类高丰度分布区域。秋季有尾类高分布区出现,对东海北部外海绿鳍马面鲀(Navodon septentrionalis)渔场和东海南部的带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)和日本鲭(Scom ber japonicus)等多种经济鱼类渔场的形成有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
根据1997~2000年东海23°30′~33°N、118°30′~128°E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,运用定量、定性方法,探讨东海浮游十足类(Decapods)总丰度的平面分布、季节变化以及变化的动力学机制。结果表明,浮游十足类总丰度有明显的季节变化,夏季最高为451 ind/(100 m3),秋季次之为71 ind/(100 m3),春季最低为24 ind/(100 m3)。北部近海(29°30′~33°N、123°30′~125°E)水域春季几乎没有分布,除冬季外,总丰度基本呈近海高于外海的分布趋势。中型莹虾(Luciferintermedius)是影响总丰度变化最主要的种类;夏季与秋季及四季总丰度的变化同水温有非常显著的线性相关关系,与盐度的相关关系不显著;冬季则仅仅与盐度有关,春季则与温度和盐度相关。从春季到夏季,高丰度区随台湾暖流向北扩展,并在闽浙沿岸水团与台湾暖流交汇处形成高丰度分布区[>2 500 ind/(100 m3)];从夏季到秋季,浮游十足类随着台湾暖流继续向北,在与长江冲淡水交汇处形成较高丰度区。水温和海流是影响东海浮游十足类总丰度分布的主要环境因子。 相似文献
3.
根据1997~2000年东海23°30′~33°N、118°30′~128°E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,用生态特征指标分析和聚集强度测度等研究方法,分析了东海浮游糠虾类优势种的数量变化和生态适应。结果表明,春、夏和冬三季糠虾类占优势的有漂浮囊糠虾(Gastrosaccus pelagicus)、中华节糠虾(Siriella sinensis)和美丽拟节糠虾(Hemisiriella pulchra)等3种,属暖温种。秋季优势种有四刺端糠虾(Doxomysis quadrispinosa)、宽尾刺糠虾(Acanthomysis latiscauda)和极小假近糠虾(Pseudanchialina pusilla)等3种,属暖水种。东海浮游糠虾类暖温种丰度低,出现率和聚集强度较低;暖水种相反,往往具有较高的丰度、聚集强度和出现率。 相似文献
4.
根据1981年2-11月在黄海南部及东海(28°～34°N、121°～127°E)海域进行的4个季节的海洋调查资料,对该海域中型浮游生物网采集的中小型浮游桡足类丰度作了探讨.结果表明调查区桡足类总丰度4季均值为376.40ind·m-3,夏季(846.34 ind·m-3)＞春季(338.91 ind·m-3)＞秋季(204.96 ind·m-3)＞冬季(115.41 ind·m-3).黄海南部(32°N以北)和东海(28°～32°N)调查海域4季均值分别为271.05 ind·m-3和403.59 ind·m-3,季节变化趋势与全调查区一致,但在夏季,黄海南部平均丰度(492.04 ind·m-3)明显低于东海(938.2 ind·m-3).根据优势度和回归贡献分析表明冬、春、夏3季总丰度分布主要取决于拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)和近缘大眼剑水蚤(Corycaeus affinis)等的分布,而秋季主要取决于尖额保猛水蚤(Aegisthus mucronatus)、孔雀丽哲水蚤(Calocalanus pavo)和锦丽哲水蚤(Calocalanus pavoninus)等.文中还对影响中小型浮游桡足类总丰度分布的主要因子盐度、水温和水系等与总丰度的关系进行了探讨. 相似文献
5.
摘要：根据2002~2003年长江口29°00´~32°00´N、122°00´~123°30´E海域4个季节的海洋调查资料,运用定量、定性方法,探讨了长江口邻近海域浮游十足类丰度的季节变化、水团对丰度分布的影响、优势种对总丰度的贡献以及其生态适应特征。结果表明,长江口邻近海域浮游十足类丰度季节变化主要受温度影响,平面分布变化主要受盐度影响。夏季平均丰度最高(10.42 ind/m3),主要集中在长江口羽状锋(122°40′~123°30′ E)处,冬季丰度最低（0.004 ind/m3）。中型莹虾(Lucifer intermedius)和细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis)是最主要的优势种。夏季,中型莹虾的贡献率(0.97)远大于细螯虾(0.12)。中型莹虾平均丰度夏季最高(8.93 ind/m3),春季为0.28 ind/m3,秋季为0.14 ind/m3,冬季最低 (0.005 ind/m3)。细螯虾在春季平均丰度0.11 ind/m3, 夏季0.67 ind/m3,秋季0.13 ind/m3,冬季0.004 ind/m3。 相似文献
6.
东海赤潮高发区春季浮游桡足类与环境关系的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据2002年4-5月东海122°00′～123°30′E、29°00′～32°00′N海洋综合调查资料,对东海赤潮高发区春季浮游桡足类种类组成、优势种、群落特征及其与环境和赤潮生物的关系作了探讨.结果表明共鉴定桡足类40种,优势种有中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、真刺水蚤幼体(Eucheta larvae)、精致真刺水蚤(Euchaeta concinna)等,并以中华哲水蚤占绝对优势.桡足类总丰度均值为154.97 ind·m-3(5.00～649.85 ind·m-3),最高丰度区(＞500 ind·m-3)主要分布于长江口30°30′～31°15′N、123°15′E以东水域.多样性指数值在长江口以北是近海高于外海,长江口以南是外海高于近海.桡足类种类数与表层水温(℃)有非常显著的正相关性(R=O.713,P＜0.01).桡足类总丰度与表层水样中硅藻丰度,桡足类总丰度与夜光藻丰度呈非线形相关关系,前者可用肥力与产力模型描述,后者可用有效积温模型表达. 相似文献
7.
黄海南部、东海北部夏秋季小黄鱼数量分布及与浮游动物的关系 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
对夏秋季黄海南部、东海北部海域的小黄鱼和浮游动物的数量分布及其它们之间的关系进行了研究,结果表明:夏秋季节,黄海南部、东海北部小黄鱼主要出现在大沙、江外、吕四和沙外渔场,夏季最高生物量分布区出现在长江口和江外渔场交界处的31°30′N、125°00′E海域,秋季最高生物量分布区出现在大沙和沙外渔场交界处的32°30′N、125°00′E海域。2个季节浮游动物优势种的组成主要以浮游甲壳动物、浮游幼体以及毛颚类动物为主。浮游动物有2个密集分布区:一个在近岸一侧123°00′E经度线附近,夏季呈南北方向分布,秋季呈西北-东南走向;另一个在32°00′N、125°00′E附近海域。从夏季到秋季,浮游动物优势种的组成有了较大的更替,优势种的范围更加扩大;夏季占绝对优势的中华哲水蚤到秋季已经不在优势种之列。夏秋季小黄鱼主要分布区与浮游动物的高密度分布区存在着良好的对应关系。夏季小黄鱼和其他浮游食性鱼类的强烈的摄食影响可能造成了秋季浮游动物丰度的急剧下降。小黄鱼主要分布区内饵料浮游动物优势种的季节变化可能对其食物选择的变化有重要的影响。 相似文献
8.
根据1997-2000年东海23°30′33°00′N、118°30′～128°00′E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,对东海管水母类种类组成及优势种、数量分布、生态类群等作了探讨.结果表明鉴定到种的管水母类有40种,其中宽板无棱水母(Sulculeolaria bigelowi)为东海区首次记录;主要优势种有五角水母(Muggiaea atlantica)、双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)和拟细浅室水母(Lensia subtiloides)等.管水母类总丰度春季最高(491 ind·10-2·m-3)、夏季最低(66 ind·10-2·m-3);平面分布不均匀,一般东海近海高于外海和台湾海峡海域.东海管水母类可分为3个生态类群,数量上以近岸低盐广温类群占优势,65%的种类由广高温高盐类群构成. 相似文献
9.
长江口海域浮游软体动物生态特征的季节变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2002-2003年长江口28°00′-2°00′N、122°00′-123°30′E海域4个季节的海洋调查资料,运用定量、定性方法,探讨了长江口邻近海域浮游软体动物总丰度的平面分布、季节变化、种类组成及优势种的环境适应类型。结果表明,长江口海域浮游软体动物总丰度分别为:春季64.61ind/m3,夏季191.84ind/m3,秋季59.11ind/m3,冬季1.4ind/m3。四季共出现软体动物24种,其中春季8种,夏季21种,秋季10种,冬季2种。马蹄螔螺(Limacina trochiformis)适温较低,是春季主要优势种;明螺(Atlanta peroni)作为暖水种,是夏季主要的优势种;秋季主要优势种为尖笔帽螺(Creseis acicula),适应于较高的水温;强卷螺(Agadina stimpsoniji)适温较低,是冬季的主要优势种。春季浮游软体动物大多聚集在苏北沿岸流和长江径流交汇处或偏沿岸流一侧,夏季在河口咸淡水水团内,秋季的高丰度则主要出现在台湾暖流和长江径流交汇偏暖水的一侧,冬季出现种类较少,低温是其最主要的因素。浮游软体动物作为一种偏大洋性的种类,在外海的数量和种类分布要远高于近海。 相似文献
10.
东南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔场浮游生物数量分布及与渔场关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
2006年6~8月,对智利外海渔场的5个站点(31°00′~40°45′S、82°05′~91°52′W)进行了浮游生物调查。结果显示,浮游植物共有7属10种,其中硅藻门有5属5种,甲藻门1属3种,蓝藻门1属2种;浮游植物平均生物量为0.416 mg/m3,最高生物量为0.822 mg/m3,最低为0.13 mg/m3。浮游动物为33属40种,其中桡足类有14种,占总种类数的35%,其次为浮游幼虫、水螅水母类、糠虾类和磷虾类等;浮游动物平均生物量为0.656 mg/m3,最高丰度为211 ind/m3,最低为33.5 ind/m3。通过对智利竹筴鱼产量及CPUE(单位渔获量努力量)叠加分析,发现中心渔场区域主要集中于38~43°S、80~83°W范围内,与各采样站点浮游植物生物量分布趋势一致,中心渔场与表层浮游动物生物量的分布尚不存在相对应的关联。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献