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1.
基于RBF神经网络的土壤有机质空间变异研究方法 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
通过研究土壤性质的空间变异和空间插值方法,快速准确获取土壤性质的空间分布是精确农业和环境保护的基础。该文以四川眉山一块约40 km2的区域为试验区,采集表层土壤（0～20 cm）样点80个,利用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络建立空间坐标和邻近样点与土壤有机质间的非线性映射关系（RBF2）,模拟土壤有机质的空间分布。与普通克里法（OK）和仅以坐标为网络输入的神经网络方法（RBF1）相比,RBF2的插值精度有显著的提高;相同样点密度下其相对预测误差分别较OK和RBF1减小了9.87%、1.97%（样本A）和13.09%、2.36%（样本B）;即使样点数减半的情况下RBF2的相对预测误差也分别较OK和RBF1减小了10.23%和2.33%,并且插值图差异相对较小,可以更好地反映土壤有机质空间分布的异质性。因此,利用以坐标和邻近样点为输入的神经网络方法可以相对准确、快速地获取区域土壤性质空间分布的异质性信息。 相似文献
2.
[目的]寻求估算土壤侵蚀模数的新方法,并通过GIS实现对土壤侵蚀空间分布情况的预测。[方法]采用土壤侵蚀模数作为判别条件,分别验证基于Logistic回归和RBF神经网络而建立的土壤侵蚀预报模型的适用性,进而构建并验证改进模型——LOG-RBF神经网络土壤侵蚀预测模型。[结果](1)Logistic回归模型判别目标土地是否发生土壤侵蚀的优势明显,未发生和发生土壤侵蚀的预测正确率分别为77.4%和97.9%,总预测正确率为94.9%。(2)RBF神经网络模型估计土壤侵蚀模数的能力较强,模拟结果的相对误差和平方和误差分别为0.612%和13.292,R2为0.57。(3)LOG-RBF神经网络土壤侵蚀预测模型预测结果的相对误差和平方和误差比RBF神经网络模型模拟结果分别降低了0.157%和2.601。R2为0.82,拟合程度上优于RBF神经网络模型。随着土壤侵蚀模数的增大,错估现象呈逐渐减少趋势。通过受试者工作特征曲线的判别,LOG-RBF神经网络模型的曲线下面积值比RBF神经网络模型大0.063,模型判断的准确性更高。[结论]利用LOG-RBF神经网络土壤侵蚀预测模型可更准确地估计土壤侵蚀模数,基于GIS能够预测土壤侵蚀的空间分布情况。 相似文献
3.
基于GRNN网络模型的土壤重金属空间分布的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以江苏省南通市为研究区,利用采样点实测数据,借助GRNN神经网络模型并结合3S技术对农田土壤重金属的空间动态分布进行了深入研究。结果表明,GRNN神经网络模型能够智能地学习各个采样点的空间位置与该点各重金属含量之间的映射关系,并能够稳健地对各个空间插值点处的土壤重金属含量进行预测;结果显示南通市农田土壤重金属污染总体较轻,但也存在局部地区的严重污染。在运用GRNN神经网络模型进行空间插值了解重金属空间动态分布的基础上,可以根据污染的状况确定农产品的生产布局和规划。 相似文献
4.
基于车载近地遥感系统的冬小麦生育早期产量估测方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
冬小麦生育早期的产量估测对于制定冬小麦整个生长期的精准管理策略具有重要的参考意义。该文利用车载近地遥感估产系统对冬小麦生育早期冠层叶片光谱信息进行动态获取,提出了一种基于冠层光谱信息的动态光化学植被指数MPRI(mobile photochemical reflectance index),构建了基于MPRI的冬小麦产量车载近地遥感估产模型,分析了估测效果,结合GIS手段对估产数据进行了空间分析。研究结果表明:冬小麦生育早期冠层指数MPRI对冬小麦的产量单点估测具有一定的效果,决定系数R2约为0.78。车载近地遥感估产系统动态测量时,MPRI表现出良好的数据识别能力。通过设置阈值能够剔除动态测量中的土壤背景干扰信息,说明MPRI对于冬小麦生育早期产量具有较好的估测效果。对动态估产结果进行空间分析,能够掌握小区域内小麦生育早期产量的空间分布情况,为冬小麦生育早期产量估测提供了新的思路和方法。 相似文献
5.
基于PCA-RBF神经网络的烟田土壤水分预测 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
为建立烟田土壤水分预测模型以利于烟区种植的规划和管理,该文提出了基于主元分析（PCA）与径向基函数（RBF）神经网络模型的烟田土壤水分预测方法。首先,利用PCA消除原始输入层数据的相关性,以解决神经网络建模时输入变量过多、网络规模过大导致效率下降的问题;然后,以主元模型结果为输入建立土壤水分RBF神经网络预测模型。实例研究表明,烟田土壤水分PCA-RBF神经网络预测模型具有较好的预测效果,平均预测精度达到96.02%,与全要素误差反向传播（BP）神经网络和RBF神经网络相比,平均预测精度分别提高5.20%和6.06%,完全符合实际烟区种植规划的需求,为研究其他类型的土壤水分预测提供了参考。 相似文献
6.
《中国生态农业学报》2021,(8)
土壤磷素含量是反映农业生态系统土壤肥力的重要指标。准确预测磷素空间异质性是评价土壤生产力和质量的关键。本研究采用反距离加权法(IDW)、径向基函数法(RBF)、普通克里金法(OK)、全局多项式法(GPI)、局部多项式法(LPI)、地理加权回归(GWR)和地理加权回归克里金法(GWRK)等插值方法,分别预测了三江平原白浆土典型灌区八五三、七里沁以及大兴灌区土壤磷素分布,并运用交叉验证法,通过平均误差(ME)、均方根误差(RMSE)和改进效果(RI)对各种方法精度进行比较,以期确定同一土壤类型不同采样密度土壤中磷素空间异质性最佳插值方法。对比7种插值方法,在空间插值平滑性方面,LPI、GPI、GWR、GWRK表现较好,在插值速度方面, IDW、RBF、LPI、GPI、OK较快, GWR和GWRK方法运算复杂、速度较慢。IDW、RBF等6种方法与OK相比,根据RI判定, GWRK方法提高了磷素空间分布模拟精度, IDW、GPI和LPI方法降低了磷素空间分布模拟精度, RBF方法在提高磷素空间分布模拟精度上表现不一致。采样密度会影响预测结果,对于本文而言,不论采样密度如何,GWRK方法均方根误差(RMSE)均最低,为最佳插值方法,而RBF方法是在采样密度较低时一种可选方法。GWRK法在本文是最佳的插值方法,但其结果会受到辅助变量多少和各变量之间是否存在共线性的影响。 相似文献
7.
基于高光谱和BP神经网络的玉米叶片SPAD值遥感估算 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
为了进一步提高玉米叶绿素含量的高光谱估算精度,该文测定了西北地区玉米乳熟期叶片的光谱反射率及其对应的叶绿素相对含量（soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD）值,分析了一阶微分光谱、高光谱特征参数与 SPAD的相关关系,构建了基于一阶微分光谱、高光谱特征参数和 BP 神经网络的 SPAD 估算模型,并对模型进行验证;再结合主成分回归（principal component regression,PCR）、偏最小二乘回归（partial least squares regression,PLSR）以及传统回归模型与 BP 神经网络模型进行比较。结果表明：SPAD 值与一阶微分光谱在763nm 处具有最大相关系数（R=0.901）;以763 nm 处的一阶微分值、蓝边内最大一阶微分为自变量建立的传统回归模型可用于玉米叶片 SPAD 估算;将构建传统回归模型时筛选到的光谱参数作为输入,实测 SPAD 值作为输出,构建 BP 神经网络模型,其建模与验模 R2分别为0.887和0.896,RMSE 为2.782,RE 为4.59%,与其他回归模型相比,BP 神经网络模型预测精度最高,研究表明 BP 神经网络对叶绿素具有较好的预测能力,是估算玉米叶片 SPAD 值的一种实时高效的方法。 相似文献
8.
基于RBF神经网络的土壤侵蚀预测模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤侵蚀的物理机理十分复杂,用数学方式难以描述.针对土壤侵蚀过程的模糊性、随机性、非线性等特点,将RBF神经网络的理论与方法应用到土壤侵蚀预测中.以杏木小流域为研究对象,应用RBF神经网络方法构建土壤侵蚀预测模型,以汛期降雨量、径流系数、土壤容量、有机质含量及孔隙度土壤侵蚀因子作为模型的输入层变量,输出层变量为年土壤侵蚀模数.通过模拟训练和预测,RBF神经网络取得的结果较好,能够有效地预测土壤侵蚀,且与常见的BP神经网络土壤侵蚀预测模型相比,RBF神经网络得到的预测结果精度更高.RBF神经网络模型将土壤侵蚀预测问题转化为影响因子和年侵蚀模数的非线性问题,该模型的模拟与预测为复杂的土壤侵蚀规律研究提供了新途径. 相似文献
9.
基于全国第二次土壤普查东北地区土壤数据,以ArcGIS和GS+软件为支撑,对比分析了反距离加权法(IDW)、径向基函数(RBF)、普通克里金(OK)和回归克里金(RK)4种地统计空间插值方法在7个不同样本容量下土壤全氮含量(STNC)的空间插值效果。结果表明,由普查数据得到的东北地区STNC在0.08~21.48 g/kg之间,数据变异性较大;STNC空间结构表现出中强度空间自相关性,空间自相关范围大于同区域的小尺度采样研究;样本容量<171时,STNC空间变异性发生变化,空间结构特征和精度检验水平难以确信。4种空间插值方法对STNC空间趋势表达均呈现从东北向西南方向递减规律,空间趋势预测效果为:RK >OK >RBF >IDW。RK方法通过线性回归分析添加了阳离子交换容量(CEC)、年均温(MAT)、土层厚度(d)和pH值等辅助信息,比IDW,RBF和OK方法的插值精度分别提高了19.40%,18.50%和16.15%;在不同样本容量下RK方法的插值精度较为稳定且对无样点区STNC的空间趋势预测也体现出了更多细节信息,因此对于大尺度低密度采样的土壤属性空间插值可重点考虑RK方法。 相似文献
10.
基于核函数支持向量回归机的耕地面积预测 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
科学预测耕地保有量是耕地保护的基础,对缓解用地矛盾、保证粮食安全具有重要指导意义。为探讨不同核函数支持向量回归机(support vector regression,SVR)对耕地面积预测的影响,该文以惠州市为例,分别采用多元回归、BP神经网络及3种不同核函数SVR建立耕地面积预测模型并进行对比试验。预测结果精度分析显示,RBF核函数SVR预测结果平均相对误差为0.54%,均方根误差为0.007,精度最高;Sigmoid核函数SVR预测结果对应误差分别为1.12%及0.012,精度次之;多项式核函数SVR预测结果对应误差为分别为2.71%及0.032,高于BP神经网络模型,但低于多元回归模型。研究表明,在现有3种常用核函数SVR耕地面积预测模型中,基于RBF核函数SVR模型预测能力最强,其次是sigmoid核函数;而多项式核函数则效果较差。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
19.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献