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1.
Abstract

Iron (Fe) chlorosis is a major nutritional constraint to groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) productivity in many parts of the world. On‐farm research was conducted at a Fe‐chlorotic site to evaluate the performance of three genotypes (TMV‐2, ICGS‐11, and ICGV‐86031), three fertilizer practices [no fertilizer control, fanners practice (125: 200: 0 kg NPK ha?1), recommended practice (20: 50: 30 kg NPK ha?1)], and two Fe treatments (non‐sprayed control and foliar FeSO4 sprays) for their effect on Fe‐chlorosis and haulm and pod yields. These treatments were tested in a strip‐split plot design with four replicates. Results revealed that TMV‐2 and ICGS‐11 were susceptible to Fe‐chlorosis and produced significantly smaller haulm and pod yield, whereas, ICGV‐8603 1 was tolerant to Fe‐chlorosis. Farmer's fertilizer practice had the highest incidence of Fe‐chlorosis. Extractable Fe and chlorophyll content in the fresh leaves were the best indices of Fe‐status and were significantly (P<0.01) correlated with visual chlorosis ratings. Foliar application of FeSO4 (0.5 w/ v) was effective in correcting Fe‐chlorosis and increased pod yield by about 30 to 40% in susceptible genotypes. These results suggests that use of tolerant genotypes such as ICGV‐86031 or foliar application of FeSO4 in susceptible genotypes such as TMV‐2 and ICGS‐11 in combination with recommended fertilizer levels is an effective management package for alleviating Fe‐chlorosis in groundnut.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is susceptible to iron (Fe) chlorosis, however, plant analysis diagnostic criteria are lacking for determining the intensity of chlorosis in this crop. As total Fe content is a misleading index of Fe nutritional status of plants, determination of physiologically active Fe fraction (Fe2+) is suggested for the purpose. In a nutrient indexing survey of the chlorosis‐affected peanut crop grown in the rainfed Potohar plateau of Pakistan, o‐phenanthroline extractable Fe2+ concentration in plants decreased with increasing severity of chlorosis and thus proved an effective technique for determining the intensity of Fe chlorosis. Green plants contained 40.1 to 67.3 mg Fe2+/kg, mildly chlorotic 32.1 to 40.0 mg Fe2+/kg, moderately chlorotic 28.0 to 32.0 mg Fe2+/kg, and severely chlorotic <28.0 mg Fe2+/kg. The minimum Fe2+ requirement in green plants was estimated to be 40 mg/kg on dry weight basis. In rainfed field experiments on a calcareous Typic Hapludalfs soil, foliar sprays of 1% solution of sequestrene (NaFeEDDHA) proved superior to the foliar sprays of 0.5% FeSO4.7H2O in correcting Fe chlorosis in two cultivars of peanut. Maximum increase in pod yield with sequestrene was 42% in cv. BARD‐92 and 27% in cv. BARD‐699 over the respective control yields. Ferrous concentration in plants increased with both the Fe sources, however, a substantial increase was recorded only with sequestrene. As peanut is a low‐input high‐risk rainfed crop, correction of Fe chlorosis by using sequestrene may not be economically feasible. Thus, development and/or screening of peanut varieties tolerant to Fe chlorosis is suggested by employing Fe2+ analysis technique.  相似文献   

3.
ABSTRACT

A field trial was conducted at Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, India, in the summers of 2002 and 2003 to determine the effect of sulfur (S) in improving iron (Fe) nutrition of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) grown on calcareous soils. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Four levels of sulfur (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg S ha?1) were applied in main plots. In sub-plots, eight levels of Fe were replicated. Three levels of Fe were applied as a basal application of FeSO4 (0, 12.5, and 25.0 kg FeSO4 ha?1) and the remaining five were applied as a foliar application of 0.5% FeSO4 at branching, flowering, and at both branching and flowering with or without 0.1% citric acid. The results of the experiment revealed that application of sulfur at the higher doses had a significant positive effect on activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, synthesis of chlorophyll, and active Fe content of green leaves compared with lower doses. Application of 0.5% FeSO4 and 0.1% citric acid at both branching and flowering had no effect. The best results were recorded with basal application of 25.0 kg FeSO4 in combination with 40 kg S ha?1. The frequency of foliar application had an appreciable effect on chlorophyll synthesis, enzymatic activities, and active Fe content in green leaves. Plants that received foliar application of 0.5% FeSO4 + 0.1% citric acid at both branching and flowering responded more than those that received treatment at either branching or flowering. For best results, it is suggested to use 25.0 kg FeSO4 ha?1 in a basal application along with 40 kg S ha?1, as plants require most of their S and Fe at the early growth stages.  相似文献   

4.
This study addressed some complementary aspects related to plant Fe nutrition. A field and a greenhouse experiment were conducted to monitor changes in chlorophyll, Fe3+, Fe2+, Ca2+ and K+ along with the progressive evolution of lime‐induced chlorosis, and following soil (Fe‐EDDHA, Fe‐EDTA, Fe‐DTPA, DTPA) and foliar (Fe‐EDDHA, FeSO4, “Fe‐Metalosate") treatments, in a chlorosis‐susceptible ornamental plant, Hydrangea macrophylla, over a year's growing period. Though soil Fe‐EDDHA was the most effective compound in alleviating chlorosis symptoms, it became less so with time and was only partly effective as a foliar spray. Leaf analysis showed that as chlorosis intensified and chlorophyll content decreased, phenanthroline ‐ Fe (Fe2+) decreased with corresponding increases in total iron (Fe3+) and K+ concentrations. The reliability of these chlorosis‐indicators was confirmed as the reverse changes occurred upon chlorosis plant recovery.  相似文献   

5.
Field experiments were carried out during rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons (June–April) of 2008–2010 at Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, to study the productivity, nutrients uptake, iron (Fe) use-efficiency and economics of aerobic rice-wheat cropping system as influenced by mulching and Fe nutrition. The highest yield attributes, grain and straw yields (5.41 tonnes ha?1 and 6.56 tonnes ha?1, respectively) and nutrient uptake in rice was recorded with transplanted and puddled rice (TPR) followed by aerobic rice with Sesbania aculeata mulch. However, residual effect of aerobic rice with wheat straw mulch was more pronounced on yield attributes, grain and straw yields (4.20 and 6.70 tonnes ha?1, respectively) and nutrient uptake in succeeding wheat and remained at par with aerobic rice with Sesbania mulch. Application of iron sulfate (FeSO4) at 50 kg ha?1 + 2 foliar sprays of 2% FeSO4 was found to be the best in terms of all the yield attributes, grain and straw yield (5.09 and 6.17 tonnes ha?1, respectively) and nutrient uptake and remained at par with 3 foliar sprays of 2% FeSO4. Although residual effect of iron application failed to increase the yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P, K) except Fe. The highest system productivity, nutrient uptake, gross returns, net returns, B: C ratio and lowest cost of cultivation were recorded with aerobic rice with wheat straw and Sesbania aculeata mulch. Application of FeSO4 at 50 kg ha?1 + two foliar sprays of 2% FeSO4 was found better in respect of system productivity, nutrient uptake, gross returns, net returns, B:C ratio and cost of cultivation in aerobic rice-wheat cropping system. The Fe use efficiency values viz. partial factor productivity (kg grain kg?1 Fe), agronomic efficiency (kg grain increased kg?1 Fe applied), agrophysiological efficiency (kg grain kg?1 Fe uptake), physiological efficiency (kg biomass kg?1 Fe uptake), apparent recovery (%) utilization efficiency and harvest index (%) of applied Fe were significantly affected due to methods of rice production and various Fe nutrition treatments in aerobic rice and aerobic rice-wheat cropping system.  相似文献   

6.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):2205-2228
ABSTRACT

Chlorosis in crops grown on calcareous soil is mainly due to iron (Fe) deficiency and can be alleviated by leaf application of soluble Fe2+ or diluted acids. Whether chlorosis in indigenous plants forced to grow on a calcareous soil is also caused by Fe deficiency has, however, not been demonstrated. Veronica officinalis, a widespread calcifuge plant in Central and Northern Europe, was cultivated in two experiments on acid and calcareous soils. As phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major causes of the inability of many calcifuges to grow on calcareous soil we added phosphate to half of the soils. Leaves in pots with the unfertilized and the P-fertilized soil, respectively, were either sprayed with FeSO4 solution or left unsprayed. Total Fe, P, and manganese (Mn) in leaves and roots and N remaining in the soil after the experiment were determined. In a second experiment, no P was added. Leaves were either sprayed with FeSO4 or with H2SO4 of the same pH as the FeSO4 solution. Degree of chlorosis and Fe content in leaves were determined. Calcareous soil grown plants suffered from chlorosis, which was even more pronounced in the soils supplied with P. Newly produced leaves were green with Fe spray but leaves that were chlorotic before the onset of spraying did not totally recover. H2SO4 spray even increased chlorosis. This demonstrated that chlorosis was due to Fe deficiency. As total leaf Fe was similar on acid and calcareous soil, it was a physiological Fe deficiency, caused by leaf tissue immobilization in a form that was not metabolically “active”. Iron in the leaves was also extracted by 1,10-phenanthroline, an Fe chelator. In both experiments, significant differences between leaves from acid and calcareous soil were found in 1,10-phenanthroline extractable Fe but not in total leaf Fe, when calculated on a dry weight basis. Differences in 1,10-phenanthroline extractable Fe were more pronounced when calculated per unit dry weight than calculated per leaf area, whereas the opposite condition was valid for total leaf Fe.  相似文献   

7.
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of foliar sprays of different iron (Fe) sources on eggplant grown in alkaline aquaponic solutions. Four treatments were used, untreated control, foliar application of iron sulfate (FeSO4), ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Fe-EDTA) and ferric ethylenediamine bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (Fe-EDDHA). The results showed that overall growth was significantly increased by foliar Fe application, and the highest values of vegetative growth parameters were recorded in plants treated with FeSO4. The Fe treatment led to a significant increase of shoot Fe concentration, and the highest Fe was observed in plants sprayed with FeSO4, compared to Fe-EDTA and Fe-EDDHA. The lowest chlorophyll content was observed in untreated plants. The highest SPAD index, maximal quantum yield of photosystem (PS II) photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and performance index (PI) values of young and old leaves were found with FeSO4 treatment. It is concluded that application of foliar Fe must be performed in the aquaponic system, to overcome Fe deficiencies in alkaline conditions.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

Hydroponically grown barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Minorimugi) under iron-deficient (–Fe) and high phosphorus (P) conditions (500 µmol L?1) showed Fe chlorosis and lower growth compared with plants grown in –Fe and low P conditions (50, 5 and 0.5 µmol L?1). To understand the physiological role of P in regulating the growth of plants in –Fe medium, we carried out an Fe feeding experiment using four P levels (500, 50, 5 and 0.5 µmol L?1) and phytosiderophores (PS), mugineic acid. Our results suggest that plants grown in a high P medium had higher absorption activity of 59Fe compared with plants grown in low P media, irrespective of the presence or absence of added PS. Translocation of 59Fe from roots to shoots was not affected by the P level. The relative translocation rate of 59Fe increased with decreasing levels of P in the medium. In general, the addition of PS enhanced the absorption of 59Fe and its translocation. Taken together these results suggest that the lower relative translocation rate of Fe in high P plants may be induced by the physiological inactivation of Fe in the roots, and the higher absorption activity of Fe in high P conditions possibly results from the response of barley plants to Fe deficiency.  相似文献   

9.
It has been proposed that glutathione can relieve the effects of Fe deficiency. This study tested the effects of glutathione foliar treatments to prevent Fe chlorosis, using as positive controls soil and foliar Fe fertilisation. Medicago scutellata plants were grown in soil (5.7% CaCO3) supplemented or not with 4 and 8% CaCO3. Two Fe(III)‐EDDHA soil treatments (5 and 10 mg Fe kg?1), and three foliar treatments (three applications each of 2.14 mM Fe(III)‐EDDHA, 1 mM glutathione, and the previous two combined) were applied. Measurements include leaf chlorophyll and Fe concentrations, biomass, leaf enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant systems and carboxylates. The addition of CaCO3 caused typical Fe deficiency symptoms, including changes in chlorophyll, Fe, antioxidant systems and carboxylates, which were prevented by soil and foliar Fe fertilisation. The foliar treatment with glutathione also led to higher chlorophyll, leaf extractable Fe and root Fe, as well as decreases in some antioxidant systems, whereas leaf Fe concentrations decreased. The combined foliar application of glutathione and Fe was even more efficient in preventing chlorosis. Including glutathione in foliar fertilisation programs should be considered as an option for Fe chlorosis prevention, especially when relatively large leaf total Fe concentrations occur in the so called chlorosis paradox.  相似文献   

10.
In growth chambers, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. genetic selection ‘M8') was grown in a synthetic growth medium under four light regimes: low pressure sodium (LPS), LPS + Incandescent (Inc), cool white fluorescent (CWF) and CWF + Inc lamps at 22 C under LPS lamps. Less chlorosis developed at 26 C than at 22 C and less under LPS + Inc than under LPS lamps. All plants were green under CWF and CWF + Inc light. Green and chlorotic plant tissue contained about the same concentrations of Fe. The proposed hypothesis was that chlorotic tissue’ contained less Fe2+ than green tissue. Chlorotic leaves treated with FeSO4 turned a green color. Enough CWF + Inc light passed through an intact leaf to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ in vitro. Also in vitro, Fe3+ was reduced by CWF, by Inc, but not by LPS light. The amount of Fe3+ reduced during an illumination period was directly proportional to the quantity of light used. In vitro, citrate and malate enhanced Fe3+ reduction, whereas phosphate, pyrophosphate, OH‐, Cu2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and F‐ all inhibited Fe3+ reduction by light. Orthophosphate was about 8 times as effective as organic P in decreasing Fe3+ reduction. Citrate largely alleviated the inhibitory effects of Pi and pH (up to pH 6). The data also provide a possible explanation of a role for many of the elements known to induce or aggravate Fe chlorosis (inhibit Fe3+ reduction). Quantity and quality of light apparently play key roles in plant growth as related to reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ in plant tops.  相似文献   

11.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4-5):613-622
The effectiveness on controlling Fe chlorosis in orange trees grown on calcareous soils was tested. The treatments were Fe(II) sulfate (500 mg Fe L?1), sulfuric acid (0.5 mM H2SO4), Fe(III)-chelate (Hampiron 654 GS, 120 mg Fe L?1) and distilled water as a control. A non-ionic wetting agent was used in all treatments. The use of frequent foliar sprays alleviated Fe chlorosis in orange trees. Sprays of Fe(II) sulfate increased the concentrations of chlorophyll, Fe and zinc in leaves and improved fruit size and quality compared to fruits of control trees. Sprays of Fe(III)-chelate also increased leaf chlorophyll and Fe concentrations and improved fruit quality, but did not increase fruit size. Sprays of sulfuric acid alone slightly increased leaf chlorophyll and Fe concentrations, without improving fruit size and quality. These results suggest that foliar sprays with Fe could help to avoid yield and quality losses caused by Fe chlorosis in citrus orchards. Furthermore, these treatments could be done with relatively cheap materials such as solutions containing Fe(II) sulfate.  相似文献   

12.
Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Nyoho) grown in peat-based substrate often suffer interveinal chlorosis in their immature leaves 10–20 d after planting. Based on our previous results and observations from growing practice, we hypothesized that the cause of this phenomenon could be due to drastic changes in plant nitrogen (N) nutrition in strawberries just after planting into peat bags. To determine optimal sampling time, diurnal variations in foliar ammonium (NH4)-N concentration were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Results showed a broadly similar pattern of diurnal variation, with the rates increasing to a maximum at midday and decreasing steadily during the second-half of the light period. However, foliar NH4-N concentration was higher under sunny than under cloudy or shaded light conditions. In the second part of this study, changes in foliar NH4-N and in nitrate (NO3)-N in petioles in relation to the occurrence of interveinal chlorosis were investigated. When the plants were supplied with 30 (control) or 50% ‘Ohtsuka A’ nutrient solution for two weeks after planting, foliar NH4-N concentrations increased earlier than petiole NO3-N concentrations, and reached their peak 8 and 10 days after planting in 50% (1.90 μmol g?1 FW) and 30% (1.78 μmol g?1 FW) treatment respectively. Interveinal chlorosis was observed in immature leaves in 50% treatment about 10 days after planting while there was no chlorotic symptom in control treatment. The absence of interveinal chlorosis in immature leaves in control plants, led to the conclusion that a high leaf NH4-N concentration and related accumulation of NH4-N play an important role in triggering interveinal chlorosis.  相似文献   

13.
Salinity is one of the major environmental stressors which has deleterious effects on the growth, development, and yield of crops. Because of the gradual increase in soil and water salinity in the East Azarbaijan, Iran, Tanacetum balsamita L. cultivation in this region has always been associated with many problems. To study the effect of foliar spray of iron sulfate (FeSO4) (0, 750, and 1500 mg L?1) under sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity (0, 50, and 100 mM) on some physiological characteristics of Tanacetum balsamita L. plants, an experiment was conducted as a factorial based on complete randomized block design with three replications. Total soluble solids (TSS) and essential oil contents were significantly affected by the interaction effects of FeSO4 foliar application and salinity levels. The highest TSS and essential oil content were found in the plants under NaCl0 × FeSO4 1500 mg L?1 treatment combination. Leaf length, leaf fresh and dry weights were influenced by both Fe foliar application and salinity levels. Foliar application of iron (Fe) positively affected leaf length, leaves fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights and peroxidase (POD) content, especially at 1500 mg L?1. Other traits such as leaf length, leaf fresh and dry weights, malondialdehyde (MDA), POD and catalase (CAT) contents were influenced by salinity levels. For POD, MDA, and CAT contents, the highest values were recorded with NaCl 50 and 100. The highest values of leaf length, leaf fresh and dry weights were found in the control plants.  相似文献   

14.
Several methods for determination of extractable iron (Fe; or so-called “active Fe”) have been proposed. In this study, three methods of Fe extraction were tested: 1.5% phenanthroline (pH 3) and 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) from fresh leaves, and 1 M HCl from oven-dry leaves. A six-year-old avocado orchard (cultivar ‘Hass’), grown on a calcareous soil in the proximity of Cabildo (Valparaíso region, Chile), was selected for the study. Samples of mature (5–7 moths-old) leaves of different degree of chlorosis were collected. Total Fe concentrations in chlorotic leaves were similar or even greater than in green leaves. Regressions between the extractable Fe concentrations and the leaf SPAD-color were statistically significant for phenanthroline method, while non-significant for HCl methods. Thus, phenanthroline method was superior over others for diagnosis of Fe deficiency in avocado. Phenanthroline-extractable Fe concentration of 6 mg kg?1 was considered as a critical value for mature avocado leaves.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

This study investigated effects of iron (Fe) and nitrogen (N) foliar application on Fe and zinc (Zn) content in chickpea grain, grain yield, and protein content. Application of FeSO4 at 0.5% at flowering?+?pod formation stages resulted in the highest Fe (73.50 and 75.34?mg Fe kg?1 grain in first and second year) and Zn (35.08 and 34.21?mg Zn kg?1 grain) content in grain followed by the application of FeSO4 at 0.5% at flowering stage alone (68.27 and 69.97?mg Fe kg?1 grain and 32.44 and 32.27?mg Zn kg?1 grain) and control (54.63 and 55.69?mg Fe kg?1 grain and 29.48 and 29.07?mg Zn kg?1 grain). Urea spray at 2% at flowering as well as at flowering?+?pod formation stages also improved the Zn and Fe content in the grain. Combined use of Fe and urea improved the grain Fe and Zn content over sole application of Fe.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

Recent research has evidenced a relationship between Fe nutrition and S nutrition. Aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of Fe deficiency on the capacity of maize roots to take up and metabolize S. Maize (Zea mays L. cv. Cecilia) plants were grown for 10 d in nutrient solution (NS) with (+S) or without (?S) sulphate and Fe was added as FeIII-EDTA at 80 μm. After removing the extraplasmatic Fe pool, half of the plants of each treatment (+S and ?S) were transferred to a new Fe-free NS. Roots were collected 4 and 24 h from the beginning of Fe deprivation. Fe deprivation slightly increased root thiols content in both nutritive conditions (+S and ?S). ATP sulphurylase activity was enhanced by sulphur deprivation, but greatly depressed when Fe and S were both omitted from the nutrient solution. O-Acetylserine sulphydrylase activity was also enhanced by S deprivation; this activity was increased by Fe starvation in +S plants, while it was unaffected by Fe nutrition in ?S plants. S deprivation greatly increased uptake rates of 35SO4 2? (1.9 ± 0.1 vs. 5.2 ± 0.2 μmol g?1 root d.w. h?1); furthermore, Fe deficiency increased 35SO4 2? uptake rates by 11 and 55% in +S and ?S plants, respectively. Data show that Fe-deficiency in maize results in a higher ability to take up sulphate, while limiting the first step of S assimilation in S deprived plants.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

The effect of additional iron (Fe) on arsenic (As) induced chlorosis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Minorimugi) was investigated. The treatments were: (1) 0?μmol?L?1 As?+?10?μmol?L?1 Fe3+ (control), (2) 33.5?μmol?L?1 As?+?10?μmol?L?1 Fe3+ (As-treated) and (3) 33.5?μmol?L?1 As?+?50?μmol?L?1 Fe3+ (additional-Fe3+) for 14?days. Arsenic and Fe3+ were added as sodium-meta arsenite (NaAsO2) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-Fe3+, respectively. Chlorosis in fully developed young leaves was observed in the As-treated plants. The chlorophyll index and the Fe concentration decreased in shoots of the As-treated plants compared with the control plants. Arsenic reduced the concentration of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc and copper. The additional-Fe3+ treatment increased the chlorophyll index in plants compared with the As-treated plants. Among the elements, Fe concentration and accumulation specifically increased in the shoots of additional-Fe3+ plants compared with As-treated plants, indicating that As-induced chlorosis was Fe-chlorosis. Arsenic and Fe were mostly concentrated in the roots of the As-treated plants. Despite inducing chlorosis in the As-treated plants, phytosiderophores (PS) accumulation in the roots and release from the roots did not increase, rather PS accumulation decreased, indicating that As toxicity hindered PS production in the roots. The PS accumulation in the roots was further reduced in the additional-Fe3+ treatment.  相似文献   

18.
Seedlings of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Carrizo citrange (C. sinensis L. cv. Washington navel x Poncirus trifoliata)] were grown in plastic pots containing a sand: perlite mixture and watered with a modified Hoagland No 2 nutrient solution throughout the experiment. Three-months-old plants were divided in three groups and sprayed with 0.018 M iron sulfate (FeSO4 .7H2O), 0.018 M manganese sulfate (MnSO4 .H2O), or deionized water. Two months later, plants were harvested and divided into top leaves that grown after the treatments, basal leaves that existed prior to the treatments, stems that partially came in contact with the spray, and roots. The manganese (Mn) spray resulted in a significant increase of Mn concentrations in top leaves, basal leaves, stems and roots of sour orange, and in top leaves, basal leaves, and stems of Carrizo citrange. The iron (Fe) spray significantly increased the concentrations of Fe in the stems and basal leaves of both genotypes. For both genotypes, transport of Mn from basal (sprayed) leaves to top (unsprayed) ones was found. However, the results of this experiment did not give any evidence neither for Mn translocation from sprayed tissues to roots nor for Fe transport from sprayed tissues to unsprayed ones (top leaves, roots). Mn and Fe were found to be relatively mobile and strictly immobile nutrients, respectively, within citrus plants after their foliar application as sulfate salts.  相似文献   

19.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10-11):2243-2252
Abstract

A research was carried out to evaluate the leaves' ability to utilize Fe supplied as a complex with water‐extractable humic substances (WEHS) and the long‐distance transport of 59Fe applied to sections of fully expanded leaves of intact sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. Plants were grown in a nutrient solution containing 10 µM Fe(III)‐EDDHA (Fe‐sufficient plants), with the addition of 10 mM NaHCO3 to induce iron chlorosis (Fe‐deficient plants). Fe(III)‐WEHS could be reduced by sunflower leaf discs at levels comparable to those observed using Fe(III)‐EDTA, regardless of the Fe status. On the other hand, 59Fe uptake rate by leaf discs of green and chlorotic plants was significantly lower in Fe‐WEHS‐treated plants, possibly suggesting the effect of light on photochemical reduction of Fe‐EDTA. In the experiments with intact plants, 59Fe‐labeled Fe‐WEHS or Fe‐EDTA were applied onto a section of fully expanded leaves. Irrespective of Fe nutritional status, 59Fe uptake was significantly higher when the treatment was carried out with Fe‐EDTA. A significant difference was found in the amount of 59Fe translocated from treated leaf area between green and chlorotic plants. However, irrespective of the Fe nutritional status, no significant difference was observed in the absolute amount of 59Fe translocated to other plant parts when the micronutrient was supplied either as Fe‐EDTA or Fe‐WEHS. Results show that the utilization of Fe complexed to WEHS by sunflower leaves involves an Fe(III) reduction step in the apoplast prior to its uptake by the symplast of leaf cells and that Fe taken up from the Fe‐WEHS complexes can be translocated from fully expanded leaves towards the roots and other parts of the shoot.  相似文献   

20.
Results of a field experiment designed to assess the effects of phosphate carriers, iron (Fe), and indoleacetic acid (IAA) on the Fe nutrition of peanut grown on a calcareous soil showed that single superphosphate (SSP) was more effective than diammonium phosphate (DAP) in improving Fe nutrition and chlorophyll synthesis. Increased phosphorus (P) and Fe contents of chlorotic leaves showing symptoms of Fe deficiency suggested that Fe, despite absorption and uptake, was subjected to inactivation, and that the Fe content per se was not the cause of the observed chlorosis. Better amelioration of chlorosis with the SSP treatment as compared with DAP indicated a role of sulphur (S) in preventing inactivation of Fe, possibly caused by excessive P accumulation. A foliar spray of Fe‐EDDHA corrected the chlorosis, but a ferric citrate foliar treatment did not. This further suggested that the mobility of Fe was impaired in chlorotic plants. An IAA foliar spray only also tended to improve Fe nutrition. Significant increase in peanut productivity was observed following improvement in Fe nutrition both with soil and foliar treatments.  相似文献   

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