共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
《农产品加工．学刊》2021,(12)
不同温度和时间的热处理会影响海鲜菇的质构特性和酶的活性。通过对不同温度和时间处理后海鲜菇的多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(PPO)活性、色差、质构等指标进行测定,并结合感官评价筛选出最佳的热处理温度和时间。结果表明,随着热处理温度的升高及时间的延长,海鲜菇的弹性、硬度、内聚性、咀嚼性均呈下降趋势,海鲜菇的色差值呈上升趋势,PPO和POD经过热处理后完全钝化,钝化PPO酶活性的最适条件为85℃处理15 min和100℃处理5 min,钝化POD酶活性的最适条件为85℃处理10 min和100℃处理2 min;结合感官评价得出最适处理条件为温度85℃,时间10 min。综合分析认为热处理会影响海鲜菇的色泽、质构和酶的活性,可为海鲜菇的加工提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
2.
以超声波(40 kHz、300 W)辅助异抗坏血酸(0.5 g/L)处理鲜切苹果,通过测定褐变指数(BI)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性、多酚及丙二醛(MDA)含量,以鲜切无任何处理样品为对照组,探讨超声波辅助异抗坏血酸处理(试验组)对鲜切苹果的护色效果.结果表明,在贮藏期内,试验组鲜切苹果的BI值、PPO活性及POD活性均低于对照组,而多酚含量高于对照组.在贮藏初期和后期,试验组PAL活性显著低于对照组,而MDA含量在贮藏初期显著低于对照组.通过超声波辅助异抗坏血酸处理,可以有效抑制褐变关键酶活性,继而延缓贮藏期鲜切苹果的褐变. 相似文献
3.
以鲜切马铃薯为研究对象,研究不同超声处理对鲜切马铃薯在4℃下贮藏过程中L值、a值、b值、总酚含量、抑制多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化。结果表明,超声处理能有效抑制鲜切马铃薯亮度和色度的变化,降低总酚含量,抑制PPO和POD的活性;其中,25℃下300 W超声处理8 min效果最佳。 相似文献
4.
远红外辐射对萎凋叶氧化酶活性及红茶品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于远红外特有的光热效应以及光萎凋在茶叶加工中的优越性,通过单因素试验深入分析不同时长和强度的远红外光萎凋对多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及红茶生化成分和感官品质的影响。结果表明,萎凋叶中多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性随远红外光强度的上升而上升,随远红外光时间的延长呈现先上升后下降的趋势,POD活性变化趋势与PPO相似,两者活性均以15 W/m 2远红外光处理3 h的萎凋叶最高且较对照分别提升14.4%和23.5%;此条件处理后的红茶与对照相比氨基酸含量提高8.4%,茶多酚总量下降14.3%,茶黄素含量提高20.5%,茶红素含量提高11.9%,同时感官审评得分最高。实验优化了红茶加工中远红外辐射萎凋的工艺参数,可为远红外辐射在红茶加工中的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
利用柠檬酸-超声波(Citric acid-ultrasonic,CA-US)复合处理,抑制鲜切马铃薯多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)活性,进而减少酶促褐变的产生。首先,考查了CA-US复合处理条件对鲜切马铃薯PPO和POD活性的影响。其次,考查了CA-US组合处理对鲜切马铃薯在贮藏过程PPO活性的影响。结果表明,鲜切马铃薯最佳CA-US复合处理条件为超声时间7.5 min,超声功率360 W,柠檬酸溶液质量分数1%。随着贮藏时间(0～180 min)的延长,鲜切马铃薯PPO和POD活性均呈现先上升而后下降的趋势,而经CA-US复合处理的样品PPO和POD活性,均低于未处理样品。在贮藏180 min时,未处理鲜切马铃薯的a*值显著增加(p0.05),而L~*值显著降低(p0.05),而经CA-US复合处理的样品并没有显著变化(p0.05)。 相似文献
6.
颉颃细菌菌株B100对甜椒三种防御酶的诱导作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用108cfu／ml颉颃细菌B100菌株处理甜椒幼苗,测定了甜椒体内过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）的活性变化,结果表明,B100能明显提高甜椒体内过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶的活性。B100处理后1d和9d,甜椒叶片中POD活性分别较对照处理提高了177．76％和153．9％,根部的POD活性在处理后7d,与对照处理相比,POD活性较对照提高了80．34％;同时,在B100处理后5d,PPO活性出现明显的提高,且与对照差异明显,其中叶片中的PPO活性较对照处理的提高了152．68％,根部的则提高了107．47％;苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性在B100处理与对照之间则差异不明显。 相似文献
7.
8.
L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐处理延缓香蕉果实采后成熟的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以"巴西"香蕉为试材,利用0.05%的外源L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐处理,测定常温(24±1)℃贮藏过程中果实硬度、色差、可溶性糖含量及多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)和果胶裂解酶(PL)活性,初步探索L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐处理延缓香蕉果实成熟的机理。结果表明:0.05%L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐处理能够延缓香蕉果实硬度和果皮H值的下降,并减缓果皮L值和C值以及果肉可溶性糖含量的上升,从而保持贮藏品质;同时,通过抑制果皮PPO和POD活性减缓在贮藏后期的褐变,并抑制果肉PL活性推迟香蕉软化进程。因此,0.05%L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐处理可延缓香蕉果实常温贮藏的成熟进程,具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
9.
为探究短波紫外线(UV-C)照射对鲜切豇豆的保鲜效果,在预试验结果的基础上,分别采用0、0.5 kJ/m2的UV-C处理豇豆,然后将其置于4℃条件下贮藏,定期测定相关指标。结果表明：采用0.5 kJ/m2UV-C照射可以维持鲜切豇豆较高的VC、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量,减少鲜切豇豆丙二醛(MDA)的积累,同时还能保持鲜切豇豆较高的总酚、类黄酮含量,并提高抗氧化酶的活性,包括过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX),一定程度上稳定多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性。综合来说,0.5 kJ/m2UV-C处理可用于鲜切豇豆的贮藏保鲜。 相似文献
10.
为研究不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理对采后杏果实品质的影响,分别采用0、10、100μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯处理杏,定期测定其硬度、腐烂指数、可溶性固形物(TSS)含量、可滴定酸(TA)含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。结果表明:MeJA处理可提高贮藏期间杏果实的CAT活性,抑制POD和PPO活性,同时降低果实的腐烂,在延缓果实软化速度的同时还提高了果实的风味和品质,对杏果TSS含量无太大影响。其中10μmol/L MeJA处理对采后杏果实的保鲜效果最佳。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献