共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Tadokoro S Shattil SJ Eto K Tai V Liddington RC de Pereda JM Ginsberg MH Calderwood DA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5642):103-106
Control of integrin affinity for ligands (integrin activation) is essential for normal cell adhesion, migration, and assembly of an extracellular matrix. Integrin activation is usually mediated through the integrin beta subunit cytoplasmic tail and can be regulated by many different biochemical signaling pathways. We report that specific binding of the cytoskeletal protein talin to integrin beta subunit cytoplasmic tails leads to the conformational rearrangements of integrin extracellular domains that increase their affinity. Thus, regulated binding of talin to integrin beta tails is a final common element of cellular signaling cascades that control integrin activation. 相似文献
2.
Wu G Chen YG Ozdamar B Gyuricza CA Chong PA Wrana JL Massagué J Shi Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5450):92-97
The Smad proteins mediate transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling from the transmembrane serine-threonine receptor kinases to the nucleus. The Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) recruits Smad2 to the TGFbeta receptors for phosphorylation. The crystal structure of a Smad2 MH2 domain in complex with the Smad-binding domain (SBD) of SARA has been determined at 2.2 angstrom resolution. SARA SBD, in an extended conformation comprising a rigid coil, an alpha helix, and a beta strand, interacts with the beta sheet and the three-helix bundle of Smad2. Recognition between the SARA rigid coil and the Smad2 beta sheet is essential for specificity, whereas interactions between the SARA beta strand and the Smad2 three-helix bundle contribute significantly to binding affinity. Comparison of the structures between Smad2 and a comediator Smad suggests a model for how receptor-regulated Smads are recognized by the type I receptors. 相似文献
3.
A novel, highly stable fold of the immunoglobulin binding domain of streptococcal protein G 总被引：39，自引：0，他引：39
A M Gronenborn D R Filpula N Z Essig A Achari M Whitlow P T Wingfield G M Clore 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,253(5020):657-661
The high-resolution three-dimensional structure of a single immunoglobulin binding domain (B1, which comprises 56 residues including the NH2-terminal Met) of protein G from group G Streptococcus has been determined in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on the basis of 1058 experimental restraints. The average atomic root-mean-square distribution about the mean coordinate positions is 0.27 angstrom (A) for the backbone atoms, 0.65 A for all atoms, and 0.39 A for atoms excluding disordered surface side chains. The structure has no disulfide bridges and is composed of a four-stranded beta sheet, on top of which lies a long helix. The central two strands (beta 1 and beta 4), comprising the NH2- and COOH-termini, are parallel, and the outer two strands (beta 2 and beta 3) are connected by the helix in a +3x crossover. This novel topology (-1, +3x, -1), coupled with an extensive hydrogen-bonding network and a tightly packed and buried hydrophobic core, is probably responsible for the extreme thermal stability of this small domain (reversible melting at 87 degrees C). 相似文献
4.
5.
Peterson EJ Woods ML Dmowski SA Derimanov G Jordan MS Wu JN Myung PS Liu QH Pribila JT Freedman BD Shimizu Y Koretzky GA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,293(5538):2263-2265
SLAP-130/Fyb (SLP-76-associated phosphoprotein or Fyn-binding protein; also known as Fyb/Slap) is a hematopoietic-specific adapter, which associates with and modulates function of SH2-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kilodaltons (SLP-76). T cells from mice lacking SLAP-130/Fyb show markedly impaired proliferation following CD3 engagement. In addition, the T cell receptor (TCR) in SLAP-130/Fyb mutant cells fails to enhance integrin-dependent adhesion. Although TCR-induced actin polymerization is normal, TCR-stimulated clustering of the integrin LFA-1 is defective in SLAP-130/Fyb-deficient cells. These data indicate that SLAP-130/Fyb is important for coupling TCR-mediated actin cytoskeletal rearrangement with activation of integrin function, and for T cells to respond fully to activating signals. 相似文献
6.
Evidence that the M2 membrane-spanning region lines the ion channel pore of the nicotinic receptor 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
R J Leonard C G Labarca P Charnet N Davidson H A Lester 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,242(4885):1578-1581
Site-directed mutagenesis and expression in Xenopus oocytes were used to study acetylcholine receptors in which serine residues (i) were replaced by alanines (alpha, delta subunits) or (ii) replaced a phenylalanine (beta subunit) at a postulated polar site within the M2 transmembrane helix. As the number of serines decreased, there were decreases in the residence time and consequently the equilibrium binding affinity of QX-222, a quaternary ammonium anesthetic derivative thought to bind within the open channel. Receptors with three serine-to-alanine mutations also displayed a selective decrease in outward single-channel currents. Both the direction of this rectification and the voltage dependence of QX-222 blockade suggest that the residues mutated are within the aqueous pore of the receptor and near its cytoplasmic (inner) surface. 相似文献
7.
Rhodopsin mutants that bind but fail to activate transducin 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
R R Franke B K?nig T P Sakmar H G Khorana K P Hofmann 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4977):123-125
Rhodopsin is a member of a family of receptors that contain seven transmembrane helices and are coupled to G proteins. The nature of the interactions between rhodopsin mutants and the G protein, transduction (Gt), was investigated by flash photolysis in order to monitor directly Gt binding and dissociation. Three mutant opsins with alterations in their cytoplasmic loops bound 11-cis-retinal to yield pigments with native rhodopsin absorption spectra, but they failed to stimulate the guanosine triphosphatase activity of Gt. The opsin mutations included reversal of a charged pair conserved in all G protein-coupled receptors at the cytoplasmic border of the third transmembrane helix (mutant CD1), replacement of 13 amino acids in the second cytoplasmic loop (mutant CD2), and deletion of 13 amino acids from the third cytoplasmic loop (mutant EF1). Whereas mutant CD1 failed to bind Gt, mutants CD2 and EF1 showed normal Gt binding but failed to release Gt in the presence of guanosine triphosphate. Therefore, it appears that at least the second and third cytoplasmic loops of rhodopsin are required for activation of bound Gt. 相似文献
8.
Griffiths EK Krawczyk C Kong YY Raab M Hyduk SJ Bouchard D Chan VS Kozieradzki I Oliveira-Dos-Santos AJ Wakeham A Ohashi PS Cybulsky MI Rudd CE Penninger JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,293(5538):2260-2263
The molecular adapter Fyb/Slap regulates signaling downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR), but whether it plays a positive or negative role is controversial. We demonstrate that Fyb/Slap-deficient T cells exhibit defective proliferation and cytokine production in response to TCR stimulation. Fyb/Slap is also required in vivo for T cell-dependent immune responses. Functionally, Fyb/Slap has no apparent role in the activation of known TCR signaling pathways, F-actin polymerization, or TCR clustering. Rather, Fyb/Slap regulates TCR-induced integrin clustering and adhesion. Thus, Fyb/Slap is the first molecular adapter to be identified that couples TCR stimulation to the avidity modulation of integrins governing T cell adhesion. 相似文献
9.
Yin H Slusky JS Berger BW Walters RS Vilaire G Litvinov RI Lear JD Caputo GA Bennett JS DeGrado WF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5820):1817-1822
A variety of methods exist for the design or selection of antibodies and other proteins that recognize the water-soluble regions of proteins; however, companion methods for targeting transmembrane (TM) regions are not available. Here, we describe a method for the computational design of peptides that target TM helices in a sequence-specific manner. To illustrate the method, peptides were designed that specifically recognize the TM helices of two closely related integrins (alphaIIbbeta3 and alphavbeta3) in micelles, bacterial membranes, and mammalian cells. These data show that sequence-specific recognition of helices in TM proteins can be achieved through optimization of the geometric complementarity of the target-host complex. 相似文献
10.
为挖掘油用向日葵中的GDSL脂肪酶基因,本研究以油用向日葵转录组测序得到的Unigenes为对象,筛选GDSL脂酶/脂肪酶基因并对其理化性质和序列结构等特点进行生物信息学分析。结果表明:油用向日葵中筛选到7个GDSL脂酶/脂肪酶基因,编码的蛋白质为稳定存在的亲水性蛋白,由255~396个氨基酸组成,分子量介于28.75~42.61ku,等电点分布在4.91~8.89;除unigene 60916外,编码的蛋白质都含有较多的跨膜区域和较高的磷酸化程度;α-螺旋和无规则卷曲是主要的二级结构;进化树分析表明,这7个基因聚为三类,保守性较高,其中unigene 58624与AT4G01130.1在同一分支上高度保守,unigene 60916与AT1G74460.1相似度最高,含有多个α螺旋和β折叠,推测与种子的油脂代谢有关。 相似文献
11.
Liu T DeCostanzo AJ Liu X Wang Hy Hallagan S Moon RT Malbon CC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5522):1718-1722
The frizzled receptors, which mediate development and display seven hydrophobic, membrane-spanning segments, are cell membrane-localized. We constructed a chimeric receptor with the ligand-binding and transmembrane segments from the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) and the cytoplasmic domains from rat Frizzled-1 (Rfz1). Stimulation of mouse F9 clones expressing the chimera (beta2AR-Rfz1) with the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol stimulated stabilization of beta-catenin, activation of a beta-catenin-sensitive promoter, and formation of primitive endoderm. The response was blocked by inactivation of pertussis toxin-sensitive, heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and by depletion of Galphaq and Galphao. Thus, G proteins are elements of Wnt/Frizzled-1 signaling to the beta-catenin-lymphoid-enhancer factor (LEF)-T cell factor (Tcf) pathway. 相似文献
12.
Migrating cells extend protrusions, probing the surrounding matrix in search of permissive sites to form adhesions. We found that actin fibers polymerizing along the leading edge directed local protrusions and drove synchronous sideways movement of beta1 integrin adhesion receptors. These movements lead to the clustering and positioning of conformationally activated, but unligated, beta1 integrins along the leading edge of fibroblast lamellae and growth cone filopodia. Thus, rapid actin-based movement of primed integrins along the leading edge suggests a "sticky fingers" mechanism to probe for new adhesion sites and to direct migration. 相似文献
13.
The 2.0-angstrom structure of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) catalytic subunit bound to a deletion mutant of a regulatory subunit (RIalpha) defines a previously unidentified extended interface. The complex provides a molecular mechanism for inhibition of PKA and suggests how cAMP binding leads to activation. The interface defines the large lobe of the catalytic subunit as a stable scaffold where Tyr247 in the G helix and Trp196 in the phosphorylated activation loop serve as anchor points for binding RIalpha. These residues compete with cAMP for the phosphate binding cassette in RIalpha. In contrast to the catalytic subunit, RIalpha undergoes major conformational changes when the complex is compared with cAMP-bound RIalpha. The inhibitor sequence docks to the active site, whereas the linker, also disordered in free RIalpha, folds across the extended interface. The beta barrel of cAMP binding domain A, which is the docking site for cAMP, remains largely intact in the complex, whereas the helical subdomain undergoes major reorganization. 相似文献
14.
Xiong JP Stehle T Diefenbach B Zhang R Dunker R Scott DL Joachimiak A Goodman SL Arnaout MA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,294(5541):339-345
Integrins are alphabeta heterodimeric receptors that mediate divalent cation-dependent cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion through tightly regulated interactions with ligands. We have solved the crystal structure of the extracellular portion of integrin alphaVbeta3 at 3.1 A resolution. Its 12 domains assemble into an ovoid "head" and two "tails." In the crystal, alphaVbeta3 is severely bent at a defined region in its tails, reflecting an unusual flexibility that may be linked to integrin regulation. The main inter-subunit interface lies within the head, between a seven-bladed beta-propeller from alphaV and an A domain from beta3, and bears a striking resemblance to the Galpha/Gbeta interface in G proteins. A metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) in the betaA domain is positioned to participate in a ligand-binding interface formed of loops from the propeller and betaA domains. MIDAS lies adjacent to a calcium-binding site with a potential regulatory function. 相似文献
15.
The amyloid precursor protein has a flexible transmembrane domain and binds cholesterol 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Barrett PJ Song Y Van Horn WD Hustedt EJ Schafer JM Hadziselimovic A Beel AJ Sanders CR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6085):1168-1171
C99 is the transmembrane carboxyl-terminal domain of the amyloid precursor protein that is cleaved by γ-secretase to release the amyloid-β polypeptides, which are associated with Alzheimer's disease. Nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy show that the extracellular amino terminus of C99 includes a surface-embedded "N-helix" followed by a short "N-loop" connecting to the transmembrane domain (TMD). The TMD is a flexibly curved α helix, making it well suited for processive cleavage by γ-secretase. Titration of C99 reveals a binding site for cholesterol, providing mechanistic insight into how cholesterol promotes amyloidogenesis. Membrane-buried GXXXG motifs (G, Gly; X, any amino acid), which have an established role in oligomerization, were also shown to play a key role in cholesterol binding. The structure and cholesterol binding properties of C99 may aid in the design of Alzheimer's therapeutics. 相似文献
16.
依赖于NAD 的组蛋白脱乙酰化酶SIR2对酵母和哺乳动物细胞的存活、衰老、凋亡等生理活动的调节起着重要的作用.利用生物信息学方法对SIR2在水稻中的生物学功能进行研究.结果表明,SRT701和SRT702分别位于第4条和第12条染色体上;它们编码的蛋白均含有N-糖基化、蛋白激酶C磷酸化、酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化和豆蔻酰化4个相同的位点;SRT701主要位于细胞核,而SRT702主要位于内质网,它们均有跨膜区,且为疏水性蛋白质,都无信号肽;多序列比对发现植物SIR2家族的SIR2结构域高度保守;电子表达谱分析发现SRT701主要表达于叶片和花序,SRT702表达于整个植物中.利用RT-PCR方法进行检测的结果表明,SRT701在水稻根、茎、叶中均有表达,而SRT702只在叶、茎中有表达,根中没有表达,说明利用生物信息学方法所得的结果只能作为初步预测.水稻SRT701和SRT702器官特异性的表达模式表明它们可能在组织或器官形成中起着重要作用. 相似文献
17.
Crystal structure of rhodopsin: A G protein-coupled receptor 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Palczewski K Kumasaka T Hori T Behnke CA Motoshima H Fox BA Le Trong I Teller DC Okada T Stenkamp RE Yamamoto M Miyano M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5480):739-745
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to a variety of different external stimuli and activate G proteins. GPCRs share many structural features, including a bundle of seven transmembrane alpha helices connected by six loops of varying lengths. We determined the structure of rhodopsin from diffraction data extending to 2.8 angstroms resolution. The highly organized structure in the extracellular region, including a conserved disulfide bridge, forms a basis for the arrangement of the seven-helix transmembrane motif. The ground-state chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, holds the transmembrane region of the protein in the inactive conformation. Interactions of the chromophore with a cluster of key residues determine the wavelength of the maximum absorption. Changes in these interactions among rhodopsins facilitate color discrimination. Identification of a set of residues that mediate interactions between the transmembrane helices and the cytoplasmic surface, where G-protein activation occurs, also suggests a possible structural change upon photoactivation. 相似文献
18.
Although critical for development, immunity, wound healing, and metastasis, integrins represent one of the few classes of plasma membrane receptors for which the basic signaling mechanism remains a mystery. We investigated cytoplasmic conformational changes in the integrin LFA-1 (alphaLbeta2) in living cells by measuring fluorescence resonance energy transfer between cyan fluorescent protein-fused and yellow fluorescent protein-fused alphaL and beta2 cytoplasmic domains. In the resting state these domains were close to each other, but underwent significant spatial separation upon either intracellular activation of integrin adhesiveness (inside-out signaling) or ligand binding (outside-in signaling). Thus, bidirectional integrin signaling is accomplished by coupling extracellular conformational changes to an unclasping and separation of the alpha and beta cytoplasmic domains, a distinctive mechanism for transmitting information across the plasma membrane. 相似文献
19.
Remorino A Korendovych IV Wu Y DeGrado WF Hochstrasser RM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6034):1206-1209
Two-dimensional (2D) vibrational echo spectroscopy has previously been applied to structural determination of small peptides. Here we extend the technique to a more complex, biologically important system: the homodimeric transmembrane dimer from the α chain of the integrin α(IIb)β(3). We prepared micelle suspensions of the pair of 30-residue chains that span the membrane in the native structure, with varying levels of heavy ((13)C=(18)O) isotopes substituted in the backbone of the central 10th through 20th positions. The constraints derived from vibrational coupling of the precisely spaced heavy residues led to determination of an optimized structure from a range of model candidates: Glycine residues at the 12th, 15th, and 16th positions form a tertiary contact in parallel right-handed helix dimers with crossing angles of -58° ± 9° and interhelical distances of 7.7 ± 0.5 angstroms. The frequency correlation established the dynamical model used in the analysis, and it indicated the absence of mobile water associated with labeled residues. Delocalization of vibrational excitations between the helices was also quantitatively established. 相似文献
20.
The aminoacylation specificity ("acceptor identity") of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) has previously been associated with the position of particular nucleotides, as opposed to distinctive elements of three-dimensional structure. The contribution of a G.U wobble pair in the acceptor helix of tRNA(Ala) to acceptor identity was examined with synthetic amber suppressor tRNAs in Escherichia coli. The acceptor identity was not affected by replacing the G.U wobble pair in tRNA(Ala) with a G.A, C.A, or U.U wobble pair. Furthermore, a tRNA(Ala) acceptor identity was conferred on tRNA(Lys) when the same site in the acceptor helix was replaced with any of several wobble pairs. Additional data with tRNA(Ala) show that a substantial acceptor identity was retained when the G.U wobble pair was translocated to another site in the acceptor helix. These results suggest that the G.U wobble pair induces an irregularity in the acceptor helix of tRNA(Ala) to match a complementary structure in the aminoacylating enzyme. 相似文献