共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
玉米丝黑穗病是玉米生产上的一种主要病害,对玉米生产造成了严重损失。研究表明:当丝黑穗病菌侵染玉米后,激活寄主体内相关防御酶系,使PAL、SOD、EST和PPO四种酶活性明显提高,抗病品种新铁10的酶活性升高幅度大于感病品种沈单16;而POD和CAT酶活性却下降,抗病品种新铁10的酶活性下降幅度大于感病品种沈单16。不同品种的成株期抗病性与其相关防御酶活性高低明显相关。 相似文献
2.
3.
2002年东北地区玉米丝黑穗病发生情况初报 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
2002年9月中旬，对东北三省玉米丝黑穗病进行了实地调查，结果发现，黑龙江省发生玉米丝黑穗病面积约44万hm^2，主要感病品种有白单31号、龙单19号，平均发病率分别为70％、57％；吉林省发生玉米丝黑穗病面积约60万hm^2，主要感病品种有吉单209、掖单44、登海1号、东单60、丹638、丹639等，其中一些品种平均发病率达50％以上，个别地块高达90％；辽宁省发生玉米丝黑穗病面积约3．3万hm^2，主要感病品种有沈单16号、丹638、丹639、丹3040等，沈单16号在本溪市卧龙镇平均发病率达57％。东北三省玉米丝黑穗病发生面积累计107万hm^2，以产量7500kg／hm^2计算，直接损失玉米1．2亿kg，农民减少收入9600万元(按玉米收购价0．80元／kg计算)。 相似文献
4.
玉米丝黑穗病俗称“乌米”,其主要侵染来源是病田土壤和带有病菌的种子,苗期侵染期长,从播种至五叶期均可由幼苗地下部分侵入,但侵染高峰在三叶期以前。多发生在冷凉地区,如黑龙江、吉林、辽宁东北部、河北北部、西南山地、西北地区等。病害损失严重,发病率接近损失率。病原菌易在田间土壤中富集,可存活数年。品种抗性差异显著,但绝对免疫品种较少。抗病性受多基因控制。2002年,辽宁省玉米丝黑穗病发生比较严重的地区有本溪、抚顺、铁岭等地。这些地区如不进行控制,进一步发病的可能性还很大。1 玉米丝黑穗病发生原因(1)感病品种的大量… 相似文献
5.
2002年东北春玉米区玉米丝黑穗病大发生.本文作者受农业部农业技术推广服务中心良繁处委托,对东北春玉米区玉米丝黑穗病大发生情况进行了普查.结果表明,东北三省发病面积近106.7万hm2,占玉米总面积的19.5%.一般品种发病率在7%左右;感病品种发病率在10%～40%;个别高感品种的发病率在50%以上.主要原因是玉米多年重茬连作,缺乏抗病品种,气候条件变化异常以及农民缺乏科学使用种衣剂的常识.提出以抗病品种为基础,化学防治为主农业保健栽培措施为辅的综合防治对策。 相似文献
6.
7.
以高感玉米丝黑穗病品种为试验材料，人工接种丝孢堆黑粉菌，验证在设定药种质量比包衣下，采用0.1%～1.1%不同浓度梯度戊唑醇种衣剂进行不同播期处理，对玉米丝黑穗病的防治效果，分析玉米播种至8叶期的土壤温湿度对玉米丝黑穗病发生的影响。结果表明，土壤温度是丝黑穗病菌侵染的关键因子。不同播期处理，玉米丝黑穗病发生率差异较大，播期早，出齐苗时间长，玉米丝黑穗发病重；播期晚，出齐苗时间短，丝黑穗病发生相对轻。0.1%～1.1%浓度戊唑醇种衣剂防治玉米丝黑穗病效果为53.07%～90.87%，0.9%戊唑醇包衣处理对玉米丝黑穗病的防治效果最好。 相似文献
8.
2007年吉林省玉米主要病害调查及其发生趋势预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007年8～9月对吉林省的长春、四平、延边和白城等9个地区25个市（县）、乡（镇）的生产田、吉林省区试和生试试验田玉米主要病害发生情况进行了调查和病样采集。结果表明,吉林省大部分玉米产区大斑病和灰斑病普遍发生,白城和松原地区部分玉米产区大斑病发病率高达100％,灰斑病发病率高达90％,未来几年可能成为吉林省主要玉米病害。2007年许多地区玉米弯孢叶斑病、茎腐病、纹枯病、瘤黑粉病、小斑病和丝黑穗病等病害发生也较为普遍,甚至在某些玉米产区成为主要病害。 相似文献
9.
玉米丝黑穗病是玉米生产上的重要病害之一.近几年因一些品种的抗病性不强或病菌致病力的变异,以及连续重茬栽培等原因,玉米丝黑穗病又大面积发生,而且日趋严重,个别地块病株达80%,严重影响玉米产量. 相似文献
10.
11.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
13.
14.
以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献
15.
Corné Kempenaar Thomas Been Johan Booij Frits van Evert Jean-Marie Michielsen Corné Kocks 《Potato Research》2017,60(3-4):295-305
Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
19.
20.
体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献