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阴离子盐对奶牛围产期血浆离子平衡的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用20头荷斯坦经产奶牛按配对试验设计,研究在干奶后期(产前约3周)添加阴离子盐添加剂对奶牛产前1周、2周和产后1周、2周及分娩当日血浆离子浓度、胎衣不下发病率以及产乳热发病情况的影响。结果表明,饲喂阴离子盐日粮4d后可使尿液pH值显著降低(P<0.05),试验组与对照组比较产前一周和产后一周血浆钙离子浓度有上升的趋势,分别为(7.98vs7.26)和(7.81vs7.19),距分娩1周血浆镁离子浓度有降低趋势(1.96vs2.16),在分娩当日试验组血浆镁离了浓度低于对照组(1.90vs2.01),产前1周和分娩当日血浆钠离子浓度低于对照组,分别为(123.90vs126.43,P<0.05)和(124.28vs125.93,P<0.05)。在本试验条件下添加阴离子盐对血浆其他离子浓度没有显著影响(P>0.05),通过对胎衣不下发生情况的统计表明,饲喂阴离子盐能够减少胎衣不下的发生。 相似文献
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为研究干奶后期添加阴离子盐添加剂对奶牛产前尿液pH变化、产后胎衣不下、产后瘫痪等疾病发病率的影响,本试验采用荷斯坦经产奶牛为试验对象,设置试验组(阴离子盐饲粮组)和对照组。试验结果表明饲喂阴离子盐饲粮6d使尿液pH显著降低(P0.01),分娩后胎衣不下和乳房水肿的发病率分别降低25%、25%;另外,对其他代谢疾病的影响有待进一步研究。本试验结果表明产前饲粮中添加阴离子盐能够改善奶牛产后的健康状况。 相似文献
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奶牛干奶后期饲喂阴离子盐对体内离子平衡状况和产奶性能的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用28头荷斯坦经产奶牛按配对试验设计研究了在干奶后期(产前约3周)添加阴离子盐添加剂对奶牛产前、产后及产后一个月血液离子浓度、胎衣不下发病率以及产后6个月泌乳性能的影响。试验处理为阴离子盐饲粮组和对照组。结果表明,饲喂阴离子盐饲粮5天使尿液pH值显著降低(P<0.01),产前血清氯离子浓度提高(101.5vs95.2毫克毫升;P<0.05)产前血清钙离子趋于上升(7.71vs7.34毫克毫升),并使分娩后胎衣不下的发病率降低31.2个百分点(43.7%vs12.5%;P=0.05)。饲喂阴离子盐饲粮导致第1、2、3、4泌乳月校正乳产量显著提高(38.9vs32.4千克天44.8vs36.5千克天,41.6vs36.9千克天,38.8vs33.2千克天;P=0.02～0.1)且趋于提高乳脂率(P=0.02～0.31),但对乳蛋白、乳糖、无脂固型物含量等乳成分没有明显影响(P>0.3)。饲喂阴离子盐有助于降低产奶牛泌乳前期乳中体细胞数。本实验结论:产前饲粮添加阴离子盐能够改善奶牛产后的健康状况,提高泌乳性能。 相似文献
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干奶后期饲喂阴离子盐对奶牛离子平衡和产奶的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用28头荷斯坦经产牛按配对试验设计研究了添加阴离子盐对奶牛血液离子浓度、胎衣不下发病率及产后6个月泌乳性能的影响。结果表明,饲喂阴离子盐饲粮5天使尿液pH值显著降低(P<0.01),产前血清氯离子浓度提高(P<0.05),钙离子浓度趋于上升,并使分娩后胎衣不下的发病率降低31.2个百分点P=0.05)。第1、2、3、4泌乳月校正乳产量提高,且趋向提高乳脂率,但对乳蛋白、乳糖、非脂乳固体含量等乳成分没有明显影响(P<0.2)。饲喂阴离子盐能够显著降低产奶牛第2、3、4个泌乳月乳中的体细胞数P=0.03(0.09)。本试验结论:产前饲粮中添加阴离子盐能够改善奶牛产后的健康状况,提高泌乳性能。 相似文献
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阴离子添加剂在围产期奶牛上的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验选取16头年龄、体重、胎次及上一泌乳期305d校正产奶量基本一致的干奶牛，按配对设计随机分成2组，在精粗比接近30：70的条件下，在相同日粮蛋白水平（CP为12．1％）和相同能量水平条件（5．90MJ／kg DM）下，在产前3周，试验牛使用阴离子添加剂，对照组牛不使用阴离子添加剂。结果表明：阴离子添加剂能影响奶牛体内酸碱平衡，可使奶牛处于代偿性酸中毒状态，降低奶牛尿液pH值，提高奶牛血钙浓度且达到显著水平（P〈0．05）。使用阴离子添加剂对奶牛肝功能无显著影响，但血清中PTH（甲状旁腺素）明显高于对照组牛；可降低产后胎衣不下发生率，对奶牛分娩后60d内的泌乳量影响显著（P〈0．05）。 相似文献
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奶牛围产期是指产前21 天到产后21 天的这段时间。围产期由于采食量下降导致的能量负平衡是规模化牧场淘汰奶牛的主要原因。为了探索围产期奶牛疾病的预防方案,减少产后淘汰率,增加奶牛的使用年限,选取围产前期3 胎以上的荷斯坦牛40 头,分为对照组和试验组,试验组每天每头奶牛日粮中添加保增乐30 g,对照组按照牧场正常饲喂方式进行饲喂。结果显示,试验组产后奶牛干物质采食量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,产奶量试验组显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,试验组产后淘汰率极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。结论围产前期每天添加30 g保增乐对于降低奶牛分娩应激,提高奶牛产奶量具有积极的作用。 相似文献
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亚硒酸钠维生素E对奶牛生产性能的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用对比试验设计,中国荷斯坦牛试验组与对照组各为30头,试验组30头奶牛围产期(产前、产后15d)开始补喂亚硒酸钠维生素E粉。每天补喂2次,每次15g,产前补喂15d,产后补喂15d。结果表明,试验组奶牛胎衣不下率明显低于对照组;试验组奶牛产后第1次发情平均时间比对照组缩短6d,试验组奶牛产后空怀平均时间比对照组缩短7d;试验组确定妊娠29头比对照组确定妊娠27头多2头,并且情期受胎率和总受胎率试验组比对照组高14%和7%,差异显著(P<0.05);平均产奶量试验组比对照组高12.50%,差异显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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This study was to determine the effect of anionic salts on health and production performance of Holstein cows during the peripartum period. Twenty-four Holstein cows during the peripartum period were selected and divided into control group and experimental group. Twelve Holstein dairy cows in control group were fed diets with original concentrate,while twelve cows in experimental group were fed diets with concentrates adding anionic salts for the last 21 days before expected calving. All animals were ad libitum fed with the same diets after calving. The results showed that urine pH maintained 5.7 to 6.9,and blood pH was decreased significantly compared to control group (P<0.05). However,the contents of plasma Ca,glucose and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in experimental group were significantly increased in 1 d after calving (P<0.05). What's more, the incidences of hypocalcemia,milk fever,retained placenta,displaced abomasum and mastitis were reduced in experimental group and the incidences of retained placenta was significantly decreased (P<0.05). No significant difference was detected in milk yield between two groups (P>0.05). In summary,supplementation of anionic salts concentrate could help to keep the health and plasma Ca homeostasis of Holstein cows. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究基础日粮中添加复方中草药对围产后期奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响,为更好地发挥奶牛生产性能提供理论依据。选用围产期荷斯坦牛32头,按照年龄、胎次、预产期相近的原则,随机分成四组,对照组饲喂常规基础日粮,处理A组、处理B组、处理C组添加由黄芪、党参、香附、白术、当归、川穹、白芍、熟地等组成的复方中草药,产前21d至产后21d连续饲喂42d,添加量分别为50g／d、100g／d、150g／d。试验结果表明,处理A组、处理B组、处理C组与对照组相比,产奶量分别提高了2．74kg、4．87kg、4．73kg,差异显著（P〈0．05）,表明复方中草药能显著提高奶牛产奶量。基础日粮中添加复方中草药对乳成分的影响无明显变化规律,处理A组、处理B组、处理C组的干物质含量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
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The effects of anionic salts in the transition diet on serum and urine calcium at calving and on peripartal health, subsequent milk production and fertility performance were studied in a well-managed, high-producing Friesland dairy herd. Over a period of a year, approximately 21 days before the expected date of calving, 28 pre-partum heifers and 44 multiparous dry cows were randomly allocated within parity to 1 of 2 transition diets, designated control and experimental anionic diets. The anionic diet contained the same quantities of the basic transition ration fed to the control group as well as a standard anionic salt mixture containing 118 g NH4Cl, 36 g (NH4)2SO4 and 68 g MgSO4 (total 222 g) per animal per day. This reduced the DCAD to -11.68 mEq/100 g dietary dry matter compared to +13.57 for the control diet. Blood and urine were randomly sampled from 7 to 8 animals within each category within 3 hours post-partum. Serum calcium (total and ionised) and creatinine, urine calcium and creatinine and the fractional clearance of calcium were assessed. Relevant clinical, milk production, and fertility data were collected. The total serum calcium (2.07 versus 1.60 mmol/l), serum ionised calcium (1.12 vs 1.02 mmol/l), urine calcium (0.92 vs 0.10 mmol/l) and the fractional clearance of calcium (1.88 vs 0.09%) were significantly higher(P <0.01) at calving for multiparous cows fed the anionic diet compared to those fed the control diet. In the primiparous cows there were no significant differences in serum calcium levels. However, the urine calcium (1.07 vs 0.43 mmol/l) and the fractional clearance of calcium was higher (1.75 vs 0.45%) in cows fed the anionic diet (P <0.05 and 0.01 respectively). These results illustrated that there were benefits, although no differences were demonstrated with respect to health, milk production or fertility. The supplementation of diets with anionic salts in the last 2-3 weeks before calving has the potential to significantly improve parturient calcium homeostasis. 相似文献
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Effect of dietary potassium and anionic salts on acid–base and mineral status in periparturient cows
Dry cow diets based on grassland forage from intensive production contain high amounts of K and could be responsible for a reduced ability to maintain Ca homoeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine whether a moderate anionic salt supplementation to a forage‐based pre‐calving diet with varying native K content affects the mineral and acid–base status in transition cows. Twenty‐four dry and pregnant Holstein cows, without antecedent episodes of clinical hypocalcemia, were assigned to two diets during the last 4 weeks before estimated calving date. Twelve cows were fed a hay‐based diet low in K (18 g K/kg DM), and 12, a hay‐based diet high in K (35 g K/kg DM). Within each diet, six cows received anionic salts during the last 2 weeks before the estimated calving day. After calving, all cows received the high K diet ad libitum. Blood samples were taken daily from day 11 pre‐partum to day 5 post‐partum. Urine samples were taken on days 7 and 2 pre‐partum and on day 2 post‐partum. The anionic salt did not alter feed intake during the pre‐partum period. Serum Ca was not influenced by the dietary treatments. Feeding pre‐partum diets with low K concentrations induced a reduced metabolic alkalotic charge, as indicated by reduced pre‐partum urinary base–acid quotient. Transition cows fed the low K diet including anionic salts induced a mild metabolic acidosis before calving, as indicated by higher urinary Ca, lower urinary pH and net acid–base excretion. Although serum Ca during the post‐partum period was not affected by dietary treatment, feeding a low K diet moderately supplemented with anionic salts to reach a dietary cation–anion difference close to zero permitted to obtain a metabolic response in periparturient cows without altering the dry matter intake. 相似文献
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大豆黄酮对奶牛血清抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
40头健康中国荷斯坦奶牛按胎次、产奶量、泌乳期相近的原则随机分成4组(n=10),试验组日粮中分别添加45、60、70mg/kg的大豆黄酮,对照组饲喂基础日粮。在试验前及试验后10、30、60d颈静脉采血,测定4组奶牛血清中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性,MDA含量、T淋巴细胞转化率和T细胞数,探讨大豆黄酮对奶牛血清抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比较,试验组GSH-Px、CAT和SOD活性显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);MDA含量明显低于饲喂大豆黄酮前(P<0.01);大豆黄酮60、70mg/kg添加组淋巴细胞转化率和T细胞数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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J. Martín‐Tereso H. ter Wijlen H. van Laar M. W. A. Verstegen 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(4):775-784
Milk fever is one of the most important metabolic diseases in dairy cattle. Reducing the dietary cation/anion balance (DCAD) with anionic salts is a common prevention strategy. However, many small European farms cannot use total mixed rations (TMR) in the close‐up period. Including anionic salts in compound feeds can result in feed refusals and moderate inclusions to preserve feed palatability results in insufficient DCAD reduction. Rumen‐protected rice bran induces the adaptation of Ca metabolism in dairy cows by a reduction of Ca intake and by a reduction of the availability of dietary Ca. In the presence of a negative control, rumen‐protected rice bran (2.8 kg/day) was compared with a lowered DCAD diet (from 269 to 4 meq/kg DM) in their effect to prevent milk fever. In a randomized block design, 45 multiparous Holstein cows joined the trial sequentially from 21 days before the expected calving date and were observed until the 8th week of lactation. Feed and nutrient intakes were recorded, and Ca, P, Mg in serum and urine, urine pH, serum NEFA and milk production in early lactation were compared. Feeding rumen‐protected rice bran before calving improved the recovery of calcaemia after calving and had a positive effect on DMI after calving. The moderately low DCAD diet did not positively influence serum Ca at calving. Calcaemia recovered even later than in control, and cows showed reduced DMI post‐calving and higher NEFA levels in the first 36 h after calving. This moderate reduction of DCAD did not provide an intermediate prevention level indicating that DCAD needs to be reduced to the recommended levels to prevent milk fever. Rumen‐protected rice bran may be a suitable feed to reduce hypocalcaemia post‐partum and can be included in pre‐calving compound feeds representing a palatable alternative to anionic salts. 相似文献