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从临床疑似大肠埃希菌感染病鸡的肝脏,分离到24株能在麦康凯平板生长但呈灰白色菌落的革兰阴性中等大小杆菌.通过IMViC试验、糖发酵试验、三糖铁斜面接种试验确定为大肠埃希菌,且其中16株为不发酵乳糖型,8株为迟发酵乳糖型.血清学试验表明,其中12株(50%)为O78抗原型,9株(37.5%)为O1抗原型,3株(12.5%)未能定型.利用PCR方法检测了该24株大肠埃希菌的F1菌毛与P菌毛基因,结果表明,其中10株(41.67%)为F1+大肠埃希菌,未发现P+分离株.药敏试验发现,所有菌株均对头孢拉定和阿米卡星敏感,部分菌株对链霉素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、复方新诺明敏感,而对新霉素均为耐药. 相似文献
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研究大肠埃希菌耐药性和耐药基因和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对大肠埃希菌耐药质粒消除作用。以大肠埃希菌临床分离株为试验菌株,采用K-B药敏纸片法对6种抗菌药物进行药物敏感性检测,并对大肠埃希菌耐药质粒TEM1型耐药基因进行PCR检测,采用SDS消除大肠埃希菌临床分离菌株的耐药质粒,采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测质粒条带,药敏试验检测大肠埃希菌耐药质粒消除前后的药物敏感性。结果表明,大肠埃希菌对庆大霉素敏感,对大观霉素中敏,对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、头孢拉定、环丙沙星耐药;大肠埃希菌耐药质粒检测出TEM1型耐药基因;试验菌株经7.5g/L的SDS处理至第3代时,质粒条带有明显的减少,TEM1型耐药基因消失,并且恢复了对β内酰胺类抗生素的敏感性,说明耐药质粒已经成功消除。 相似文献
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为了解肉牛溶血性大肠埃希菌毒力基因和耐药基因分布情况及药物敏感性,从河北省围场县采集的健康肉牛鼻腔棉拭子中分离鉴定溶血性大肠埃希菌,采用PCR检测大肠埃希菌的4个毒力基因和12个耐药基因,并采用K-B法进行药敏试验。结果表明,从116份健康的肉牛鼻腔中分离鉴定出23株溶血性大肠埃希菌,分离率为19.8%;毒力基因检测结果显示,6株菌同时携带LEE(Ler、eaeA)毒力基因,携带率26.1%,18株同时携带高致病性毒力基因HPIirp2、fyuA,携带率78.3%,6株同时携带LEE和HPI毒力基因,携带率为26.1%;耐药基因检测结果显示,blaTEM、aadA1耐药基因的携带率最高,为100%;药敏试验结果显示,23株溶血性大肠埃希菌对头孢氨苄、复方新诺明、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶耐药。结果表明,溶血性大肠埃希菌普遍存在于健康肉牛鼻腔中,HPI毒力基因和β-内酰胺类和耐链霉素类耐药基因携带率高。对河北省围场县肉牛溶血性大肠埃希菌毒力基因和耐药基因进行了研究,并进行药物敏感性分析,结果提示溶血性大肠埃希菌对肉牛养殖存在潜在威胁。 相似文献
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为了解四川省藏香猪源大肠埃希菌致病性、血清型及耐药性情况,从四川省藏香猪养殖场中无菌采集腹泻仔猪肝脏、肛拭子及粪便等组织病料253份中,分离得到155株大肠埃希菌。采用人工感染小鼠致病性试验、玻板凝集试验和KB药敏纸片法分别测定155株大肠埃希菌分离菌株的致病性、血清型及耐药性。结果显示,小鼠致病性试验表明155株分离菌中120株有致病性;玻板凝集试验表明120株致病性大肠埃希菌分离株属于14个血清型,以O111、O147、O109和O119为主要流行的优势血清型;耐药性试验表明120株致病性大肠埃希菌分离株对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、新霉素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶4种药物耐药较严重,耐药率在94.2%~98.3%之间,对庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、多西环素等6种药物耐药率在44.2%~85.0%之间,对其他药物耐药率在15.0%~37.5%之间。说明该地区藏香猪源致病性大肠埃希菌血清型呈多样性分布,耐药性严重。 相似文献
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宠物源大肠埃希菌的分离鉴定和耐药性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为调查长春地区宠物源大肠埃希菌耐药流行情况,从2家宠物医院采集135份宠物肛拭子样品,分离和鉴定大肠埃希菌并进行多重PCR分群。测定大肠埃希菌分离株对19种抗菌药物的耐药性,并鉴定超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)表型。共分离鉴定获得95株宠物源大肠埃希菌,它们对氨苄西林和哌拉西林的耐药率最高(78.9%和76.8%);其次是四环素(61.6%);对头孢唑林、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、庆大霉素、复方新诺明、环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星的耐药率均超过了50%;所有分离株均对亚胺培南和美罗培南敏感。其中15个分离株对受试的抗菌药物全部敏感(15.8%),63株呈多重耐药表型(66.3%)。ESBLs型菌株占53.7%。本研究探明了长春地区宠物源大肠埃希菌的耐药流行情况,对宠物临床上用药具有指导价值。 相似文献
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为了解锦州某奶牛养殖场临床型乳房炎病原菌耐药情况。对该场进行患病乳样采集、主要病原菌分离鉴定、药物敏感性试验和耐药基因筛选。结果表明,该场乳房炎主要病原菌为大肠埃希菌,共得到乳房炎大肠埃希菌分离株36株;药物敏感性试验结果表明,分离株对磺胺类药物高度耐药、对头孢噻呋和头孢唑啉敏感;对分离株进行磺胺类药物耐药基因筛查结果表明,sul1、sul2、sul3基因的阳性率分别为76.0%、17.1%和0%,说明sul1基因为该场大肠埃希菌磺胺类药物主要耐药基因。 相似文献
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为了明确宁夏地区羔羊源大肠埃希氏菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)与非产ESBLs大肠埃希氏菌的耐药性差异和相关基因携带情况差异,对实验室分离保存的87株羔羊源大肠埃希氏菌,采用ESBLs表型检测方法筛选产ESBLs的菌株和K-B纸片法进行药物敏感性试验,采用PCR法对分离株进行相关基因的检测。结果显示,87株大肠埃希氏菌中5株为产ESBLs菌株,检出率为5.75%。产ESBLs株对多数试验药物呈耐药性;而非产ESBLs菌株对多数试验药物敏感,仅对恩诺沙星、复方新诺明和红霉素耐药率超过50%。20种药物中,产ESBLs株大肠埃希氏菌对18种药物的耐药率极显著高于非产ESBLs菌株(P<0.01)。产ESBLs菌株携带blaCTX的阳性率极显著高于非产ESBLs菌株(P<0.01),产ESBLs菌株中的blaTEM和blaOXA基因的阳性率均高于非产ESBLs菌株,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明宁夏地区羔羊源大肠埃希氏菌产ESBLs菌株流行率低,产ESBLs菌株耐药性严重,且宁夏地区羔羊源ESBLs菌株优势基因型为blaCTX和blaTEM。 相似文献
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新疆不同动物源大肠埃希菌耐药性比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了比较新疆不同动物源大肠埃希菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药情况,从猪场、羊场和牛场分别分离猪源大肠埃希菌454株、羊源大肠埃希菌638株和牛源大肠埃希菌89株,用微量肉汤法对上述细菌进行临床常用β-内酰胺类、氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类和酰胺醇类抗菌药物最小抑菌浓度测定。结果表面,猪源大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林(67.0%)和阿莫西林/克拉维酸(63.7%)耐药率较高,其他药物耐药率在10.4%~41.2%之间;羊源大肠埃希菌对安普霉素(33.9%)和阿莫西林/克拉维酸(21.2%)耐药率较高,其他药物耐药率在3.1%~15.6%之间;牛源大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林(24.4%)和阿莫西林/克拉维酸(8.9%)耐药率较高,其他药物耐药率在1.1%~6.7%之间。多药耐药结果,猪源大肠埃希菌以2耐~5耐为主,羊源大肠埃希菌以0耐~2耐为主,牛源大肠埃希菌以0耐~1耐为主。新疆猪源大肠埃希菌对临床常用抗菌药物耐药情况最严重,羊源菌次之,牛源菌最轻;猪源大肠埃希菌多药耐药现象严重。 相似文献
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广东水禽源大肠埃希菌耐药性及氨基糖苷类耐药基因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了调查广东地区水禽源大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类药物耐药现状和耐药基因的流行情况,探索大肠埃希菌的氨基糖苷类耐药基因型与耐药表型之间的关系,本研究采用琼脂梯度稀释法测定251株广东地区水禽源大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类药物的耐药性和采用PCR方法检测耐药基因。药敏试验结果显示,大肠埃希菌对链霉素耐药较严重,鸭源和鹅源的耐药率分别为81.58%和75.43%,对庆大霉素和卡那霉素较敏感,耐药率分别为25%和54.86%,对阿米卡星最为敏感,其中鸭源的菌株耐药率仅为1.32%。PCR方法检测显示,aadA1和aph(3′)-1检出率较高,为84.6%和91.9%,表明携带aadA1和aph(3′)-1耐药基因的水禽源大肠埃希菌在广东地区呈流行趋势。耐药基因型与耐药表型相关性分析结果显示,耐药基因rmtB的携带与4种药物(庆大霉素、阿米卡星、卡那霉素和壮观霉素)耐药株的产生具有显著相关性,表明耐药基因rmtB对大肠埃希菌耐药株的产生起重要的作用。本试验结果可为指导广东地区水禽大肠埃希菌病的临床用药提供理论基础和研究大肠埃希菌的耐药基因提供相关的数据。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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