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1.
以鱼粉水平为30%的饲料为高鱼粉饲料对照组,以豆粕替代高鱼粉饲料中50%鱼粉形成低鱼粉基础饲料,低鱼粉基础饲料添加0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%低分子水解鱼蛋白,配制 6种实验饲料,对初始体重为(0.44±0.02) g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾进行48 d的养殖实验。实验结束后采集样品,测定肝胰腺酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并分析肠道先天免疫缺陷基因(IMD)、对虾素3a分子(Penaiedin 3a)、溶菌酶(LZM)和Crustin相关免疫基因的表达量,以探讨低分子水解鱼蛋白对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫力和抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示,在低鱼粉饲料中添加适宜水平的低分子水解鱼蛋白能够显著提高对虾肝胰腺T-SOD、AKP和ACP的活力,降低MDA的含量;且1.5%低分子水解鱼蛋白能增加IMD、Penaiedin 3a、LZM和Crustin基因表达量。综上,凡纳滨对虾非特异免疫力和抗氧化能力的降低可能是影响植物蛋白源替代鱼粉的关键原因之一,而在饲料中补充1.0%–1.5%的低分子水解鱼蛋白可有效提高凡纳滨对虾抗病相关基因的表达量,增强其非特异免疫力和抗氧化能力。 相似文献
2.
蝇蛆既是优质饲料蛋白质又是新型免疫增强剂。为探明蝇蛆蛋白混合物对美洲鳗鲡非特异性免疫功能的影响,水温为25～28℃时,将750尾初始体质量(95.0±5.0) g的美洲鳗鲡随机分为5组,每组3个平行,每个平行50尾鱼,分别投喂在基础饲料中添加质量分数为0%(对照组)、5%、10%、15%和20%蝇蛆蛋白(由蝇蛆蛋白混合物折算而来)的饲料,投喂养殖60 d后,测定美洲鳗鲡血清中溶菌酶、补体3、补体4、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶等免疫指标的变动情况及嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后美洲鳗鲡的死亡率。试验结果显示：美洲鳗鲡血清中补体3、补体4含量随蝇蛆蛋白混合物添加比例增加而显著提高(P<0.05),其中补体3以15%添加组含量最高,补体4以20%添加组含量最高;血清中溶菌酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性均随蝇蛆蛋白混合物添加量的增加先升后降,除5%添加组碱性磷酸酶活性与对照组差异不显著外,其余均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中溶菌酶、酸性磷酸酶和超氧化物歧化酶均以15%添加组活性最高,碱性磷酸酶以10%添加组最高;谷丙转氨酶活性也随蝇蛆蛋... 相似文献
3.
复方中草药对青虾肌肉和肝胰脏中几种非特异性免疫因子的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以青虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)为试验对象,研究了复方中草药对其肌肉和肝胰脏中几种非特异性免疫因子的影响。结果显示:投喂添加复方中草药的饲料60 d后,与对照组相比,青虾肌肉和肝胰脏中溶菌活性、抗菌活性、酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性变化不明显(P>0.05)。肌肉中的血凝活性敏感度低以至无法测出,肝胰脏中的血凝活性试验饲料组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。肌肉和肝胰脏中的酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),说明复方中草药对增强青虾免疫活性具有一定的作用。 相似文献
4.
应用浓度为108CFU/ml的0.4%甲醛灭活鰤鱼诺卡氏菌Nocardia seriolea,经超声波破碎后对乌鳢进行腹腔注射,剂量为0.5 ml/尾,对照组同法等量注射灭菌生理盐水。分别于实验第0、3、6、9、12、15、18、21天抽取乌鳢血液,测定其血细胞数、血清总蛋白含量及血清碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶活性。结果显示,注射灭活鱼师鱼诺卡氏菌后,乌鳢血细胞数呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,在实验第12天时注射组血细胞数显著高于对照组;血清总蛋白含量在实验第9天后均高于对照组;血清碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶和溶菌酶等活性在实验时间内均发生了显著的变化。研究结果表明,灭活菌苗的刺激能引起乌醴血细胞的增殖以及血清中各非特异性免疫指标的变化,从而提高机体自身的免疫保护力。 相似文献
5.
玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对暗纹东方鲀溶菌酶活性及c型溶菌酶mRNA表达的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
以初重为(41.26±1.09)g的暗纹东方鲀为实验鱼,配制5种玉米蛋白粉使用量为0%、5%、10%、15%、20%的实验饲料,玉米蛋白粉对饲料中鱼粉的替代水平分别为0%、7.4%、14.8%、22.2%和29.6%。用实验饲料饲养暗纹东方鲀60d,研究玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对暗纹东方鲀肝胰脏、头肾和脾脏组织的溶菌酶活性及其c-型溶菌酶mRNA相对表达量的影响。结果表明,(1)暗纹东方鲀肝胰脏、头肾和脾脏的溶菌酶比活力分别为9.14、42.12和40.49U/mgprot,头肾和脾脏组织中c-型溶菌酶mRNA相对表达量分别是肝胰脏的3.76和3.24倍。(2)玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉显著影响暗纹东方鲀溶菌酶比活力。5%和10%组的肝胰脏和头肾组织溶菌酶比活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而15%和20%组肝胰脏和头肾组织溶菌酶比活力则显著低于对照组(P<0.05);5%和10%组的脾脏组织溶菌酶活力与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),而15%和20%组显著低于对照组和5%组(P<0.05)。(3)玉米蛋白粉对暗纹东方鲀c型溶菌酶基因mRNA相对表达量有显著影响(P<0.05)。肝胰脏组织中5%和10%组表达量显著高... 相似文献
6.
在饲料中对自制复合免疫增强剂设计了四个添加剂量(投喂免疫增强剂浓度0‰、投喂免疫增强剂浓度1‰、投喂免疫增强剂浓度2‰、投喂免疫增强剂浓度3‰)分别投喂大菱鲆和血鹦鹉鱼。30d后测定各组试验鱼血清的溶菌酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性和总超氧化物歧化酶活性,并分别进行攻毒试验。结果表明投喂免疫增强剂浓度1‰、2‰的大菱鲆的溶菌酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性和总超氧化物歧化酶活性皆显著高于对照组(P0.05);三个实验组鱼的人工感染死亡率分别为50%、45%和100%,方差分析表明两个实验组皆显著低于对照组(P0.05)。投喂血鹦鹉鱼试验各测定酶指标都是2‰组最高,并且显著高于对照组(P0.05),攻毒试验死亡率投喂投喂免疫增强剂浓度2‰组最低。因此可以证明投喂本复合制剂可以明显提高大菱鲆和血鹦鹉鱼的酶活性及抗应激能力,并且适宜投喂比例为2‰。 相似文献
7.
在基础饲料中分别添加0.1%和1%美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌、0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌配制成3种免疫实验饲料,以基础饲料为空白对照组饲料,每组设3个平行样。对个体质量为(4.83±0.36)g的凡纳滨对虾进行为期20 d的饲养实验,分别在0、5、10、15和20d进行取样,以血清中的酚氧化酶(PO)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(UL)活性为免疫指标,探讨了美人鱼发光杆菌作为免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫效应的影响;在投喂免疫饲料后的第22天,按0.004 2 kg/kg体重的剂量,直接投喂对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)病料,并记录累积死亡率。结果表明,美人鱼发光杆菌免疫实验组对凡纳滨对虾血清中PO、ACP、AKP、UL和SOD活性影响明显高于对照组,并且在饲料中添加美人鱼发光杆菌后,明显提高了对虾抵御WSSV感染的能力。其中0.1%美人鱼发光杆菌活菌实验组的抗病毒感染能力最强,WSSV感染14d内累计死亡率为63.3%±5.8%;而对照组为96.7%±3.3%。研究表明,美人鱼发光杆菌添加在对虾饲料中能提高凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫水平,增强抵抗疾病的能力,将其作为对虾免疫增强剂具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
8.
饲料蛋白水平对瓦氏黄颡鱼消化酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了探讨饲料营养与鱼类消化酶之间的相互作用,以优质秘鲁鱼粉为饲料蛋白原,研究了5种蛋白水平(31.1%、35.5%、40.9%、46.5%、50.3%)的饲料对平均体重为(12.13±0.25) g的瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)胃、肠和肝胰脏消化酶活性的影响.经过35 d的养殖试验,结果表明:(1)随着饲料蛋白水平的增加,鱼的蛋白酶活性均有所增加,其中胃和肠组织的40.9%组酶活性与各实验组显著差异(P<0.05),肝胰脏的各实验组间蛋白酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)各实验组的脂肪酶活性均随饲料蛋白水平的增加而略有下降,但变化趋势不明显,各实验组间胃、肠、肝胰脏的酶活性无显著差异(P>0 05);(3)饲料蛋白水平对瓦氏黄颡鱼肠淀粉酶有一定的影响,其活性随着饲料蛋白水平的升高略显下降,但对胃和肝胰脏淀粉酶活性无显著影响 (P>0 05),随着饲料蛋白水平的升高,其淀粉酶活性变化无明显规律. 相似文献
9.
为了探讨饲料营养与鱼类消化酶之间的相互作用,以优质秘鲁鱼粉为饲料蛋白原,研究了5种蛋白水平(31.1%、35.5%、40.9%、46.5%、50.3%)的饲料对平均体重为(12.13±0.25)g的瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)胃、肠和肝胰脏消化酶活性的影响。经过35d的养殖试验,结果表明:(1)随着饲料蛋白水平的增加,鱼的蛋白酶活性均有所增加,其中胃和肠组织的40.9%组酶活性与各实验组显著差异(P<0.05),肝胰脏的各实验组间蛋白酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)各实验组的脂肪酶活性均随饲料蛋白水平的增加而略有下降,但变化趋势不明显,各实验组间胃、肠、肝胰脏的酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05);(3)饲料蛋白水平对瓦氏黄颡鱼肠淀粉酶有一定的影响,其活性随着饲料蛋白水平的升高略显下降,但对胃和肝胰脏淀粉酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05),随着饲料蛋白水平的升高,其淀粉酶活性变化无明显规律。 相似文献
10.
饲料添加中草药制剂对日本沼虾免疫因子的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在基础饲料的基础上,通过添加大青叶、鱼腥草等中草药煎液制成试验饲料,以基础饲料为对照.采用连续投喂的方法,饲喂日本沼虾30 d,研究中草药制剂对日本沼虾免疫因子的影响.采集日本沼虾肝胰脏,肌肉,分别测定了8种免疫指标活性.结果表明,中草药添加饲料组虾的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与对照组差异显著(P＜0.05),溶菌活性(UL)、抗菌活性(UA)、酚氧化酶活性(PO)、过氧化物酶活性(POD)作为虾肝胰脏、肌肉的免疫检测指标与对照组比较差异不显著(P＜0.05),但平均值比对照饲料组高.血凝活性在虾肝胰脏免疫指标中中草药组与对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.05),而在肌肉免疫指标中结果很难测出.试验结果表明,该中草药制剂的添加对增强日本沼虾的免疫水平具有一定的效果. 相似文献
11.
实验以基础饲料组[含30％鱼粉蛋白(FM)]为对照组,用鱼蛋白水解物(FPH)、猪血蛋白水解物(PBPH)、酵母蛋白水解物(YPH)和豆粕蛋白水解物(SPH)分别替代配方中10％的鱼粉蛋白,配制成5组等氮等脂的饲料,喂养初始平均体重为31.99 g的花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)8周,探讨饲料中不同蛋白水解物对花鲈生长、饲料利用、体组成成分及非特异性免疫的影响.结果显示:各处理组实验鱼存活率在97.78％-98.89％之间,没有显著性差异(P＞0.05);FPH组与FM组的末重和特定生长率最高,两者之间没有显著差异(P＞0.05),但显著高于PBPH组、SPH组和YPH组(P＜0.05);FPH组饲料效率高于FM组、PBPH组和YPH组(P＞0.05),且显著高于SPH组(P＜0.05);各实验处理组鲈鱼摄食率没有显著差异(P＞0.05);FPH组蛋白效率比显著高于FM组、PBPH组、SPH组和YPH组(P＜0.05);FPH组、FM组和YPH组的蛋白质沉积率显著高于PBPH组和SPH组(P＜0.05).饲料中添加FPH和YPH会显著增加花鲈肝脏和血清中碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶活性和总抗氧化能力,显著高于FM组、PBPH组和SPH组(P＜0.05).FPH组的花鲈鱼体粗蛋白含量高于FM组和YPH组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05),FPH组显著高于PBPH组和SPH组(P＜0.05).综上所述,4种不同蛋白水解物替代鱼粉后投喂花鲈幼鱼,鱼蛋白水解物效果最好,其次是酵母蛋白水解物、猪血蛋白水解物和豆粕蛋白水解物. 相似文献
12.
Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated to investigate the effect of low molecular weight fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) in diets on growth performance, feed utilization and liver IGF‐I mRNA levels in Japanese flounder (38.80 ± 1.11 g) fed with high plant protein diets. Fish meal protein was, respectively, replaced by 6% (FPH6), 11% (FPH11), 16% (FPH16), 21% (FPH21), 26% (FPH26) FPH of total dietary protein. FPH diets contained a constant high level of plant protein (690 g kg?1) from soybean meal. As a positive control diet, FM2 contained about 590 g kg?1 plant protein and 410 g kg?1 fish meal protein, while negative control diet FM1 contained about 690 g kg?1 plant protein and 310 g kg?1 fish meal protein. The expression levels of liver IGF‐I mRNA were evaluated using real‐time PCR normalized against the 18S rRNA gene. The results showed that moderate low molecular weight FPH (FPH11) improved growth performance and protein retention. Fish fed with FPH11 and control diet FM2 had similar growth and feed utilization, while high‐level low molecular weight FPH did not improve growth performance and protein retention, and depressed liver IGF‐I mRNA expression in Japanese flounder. 相似文献
13.
日粮中鱼蛋白水解物对黄颡鱼生长、体成分和血清生理指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨鱼蛋白水解物对黄颡鱼生产性能的影响,以日本鳀粉为对照,以实用型黄颡鱼饲料配方模式为基础开展实验:1以30.5%鱼粉为对照(FM),在相同配方模式下,以6%鱼蛋白水解物(MPH6)替代20%的鱼粉;2以30.5%鱼粉为对照(FM),在无鱼粉日粮中分别添加3%(FPH3)、6%(FPH6)、12%(FPH12)鱼蛋白水解物;共设计5组等氮等能实验日粮,在池塘网箱中养殖黄颡鱼[初始体质量(30.08±0.35)g]60 d。结果显示:与FM相比,FPH12在SGR、FCR、PRR和FRR方面均无显著差异,而MPH6、FPH3、FPH6组SGR降低了15.45%~24.39%,FCR升高了32.14%~42.86%,MPH6、FPH6差异显著,在PRR和FRR方面,MPH6、FPH3、FPH6组PRR降低了21.11%~27.78%,MPH6组FRR降低了41.51%;全鱼水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分各组间差异不显著,FPH3、FPH6、FPH12肌肉多种游离氨基酸水平显著高于FM,其中Thr、Val、His与其在日粮中的水平显著相关;FPH6组HSI显著低于FM,鱼蛋白水解物对CP、VSI、肠体比的影响不显著;血清AST、ALT、HDL、LDL、TP、CHOL、TG无显著差异,FPH3组ALB显著低于FM。研究表明:黄颡鱼日粮中,12%鱼蛋白水解物(干物质)与30.5%鱼粉在生长速度、饲料效率、血清生理指标等方面具有一定的等效性;过高的植物蛋白日粮影响了黄颡鱼的生产性能;饲喂鱼蛋白水解物日粮使黄颡鱼肌肉游离氨基酸的含量升高,特别是呈味氨基酸的含量增加。 相似文献
14.
Application of different types of protein hydrolysate in high plant protein diets for juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Houguo Xu Yuchao Mu Mengqing Liang Keke Zheng Yuliang Wei 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(6):2945-2953
A 10‐week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of dietary protein hydrolysate (PH) on growth performance, body composition, trypsin activity and serum transaminase of juvenile turbot. Four high plant protein diets contained different types of PH, fish PH (FPH), yeast PH (YPH), pig blood PH (PBPH) and soy PH (SPH), replacing 10% fishmeal of the basal diet. The basal diet with 30% fishmeal and no PH was used as the control diet (C). Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups of 30 fish. The specific growth rate (SGR) was not significantly different between groups C and FPH, but groups C and FPH showed significantly higher SGR than other groups. The feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were not significantly different among groups C, FPH and YPH, but groups PBPH and SPH showed significantly lower FER and PER than groups C and FPH. Group PBPH showed significantly higher hepatosomatic index than other groups except YPH. Fish fed YPH showed significantly lower whole‐body protein content, but significantly higher whole‐body lipid content than fish fed diets C, FPH and PBPH. The activities of serum GOT and GPT in group PBPH were higher than those in groups C, FPH and YPH. These results suggested that when used at a low level in high plant protein diets for juvenile turbot, FPH is a good alternative protein source and YPH also has the application potential, but PBPH and SPH can cause negative impacts on fish growth and health. 相似文献
15.
为探究大菱鲆对不同来源水解蛋白的利用效率,实验选取太平洋狭鳕和牛蛙下脚料为蛋白来源,分别制备水解鱼蛋白和水解牛蛙蛋白,以初始体重为(8.00±0.01) g的大菱鲆为研究对象,进行为期56 d的养殖实验。实验设2个对照组,正对照组(PC)鱼粉含量为35.0%,负对照组(NC)鱼粉含量为26.5%;设2个实验组,水解鱼组(FPH)为26.5%的鱼粉和8.0%的水解鱼蛋白,水解牛蛙组(BPH)为26.5%的鱼粉和9.5%的水解牛蛙蛋白。结果显示,FPH组的终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著高于BPH组和NC组,与PC组无显著差异。摄食6 h后,食糜必需氨基酸中赖氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸和缬氨酸在BPH组的含量显著高于PC组;多数非必需氨基酸在BPH组含量最高,但无显著差异。质子偶联氨基酸转运载体PAT1和小肽转运载体PepT1的mRNA表达量分别在FPH组和BPH组都显著高于PC组和NC组;碱性氨基酸转运载体CAT1和y+L型氨基酸转运载体y+LAT2的mRNA表达量在各处理组中无显著差异。研究表明,在饲料中添加鳕和牛蛙蛋白水解物均能提高大菱鲆的生长性... 相似文献
16.
不同大豆产品替代鱼粉饲养南美白对虾的试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分别采用脱皮豆粕、大豆蛋白、发酵豆粕等大豆产品,等氮替代饲料中10%的鱼粉(对照组鱼粉35%,替代组鱼粉25%),饲养体重为0.06 g南美白对虾(Penaeus vannam eiBoone)一个月,结果表明,对照组(35%鱼粉)幼虾的增重率、成活率均最大,为1316%、97.5%;脱皮豆粕组幼虾的增重率为最低,仅783%;哈姆雷特大豆蛋白、比多福大豆蛋白、富肽蛋白(发酵豆粕)组幼虾增重率为1033%、983%、1050%,均显著高于脱皮豆粕组(P<0.05),但低于对照组(P<0.05);对虾体肌肉成分的分析显示,各组幼虾肌肉在水分、蛋白质含量方面没有显著差异。上述结果表明,大豆蛋白和发酵豆粕均为优于脱皮豆粕的鱼粉替代品。 相似文献
17.
Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Corn Gluten Meal in Diets for Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Abstract.— Feeding experiments were conducted to evaluate corn gluten meal (CGM) as an alternative protein source for fish meal in the diet of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus . A diet containing 75% white fish meal as a sole protein source was the control, and 20, 40, and 60% of fish meal protein was replaced with CGM protein in the experimental feeds. Juvenile fish of about 8 g initial body weight were fed each diet to apparent satiation twice a day. 6 d per week for 8 wk at 20 C. Survival rates of fish ranged from 98 to 100% and were not significantly different ( P > 0.05) among treatments. Final body weight, weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the diets containing CGM up to 40% substitution levels were not statistically different from those of fish fed the control diet. All production parameters for fish fed the diet replacing 60% of fish meal protein were significantly lower than the control ( P ≤ 0.05). Supplements of crystalline amino acids to the CGM diet improved the nutritive value of the diet. Since substitution up to 40% did not adversely affect hematological and hematochemical parameters as well as whole body composition of the cultured fish, it is suggested that up to 40% of fish meal protein can be replaced with CGM in the diet of juvenile Japanese flounder. 相似文献
18.
1H NMR‐based metabolomics studies on the effect of size‐fractionated fish protein hydrolysate,fish meal and plant protein in diet for juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This study was designed to evaluate changes in the metabolic profile of liver and muscle of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed fishmeal‐based diet, diets containing size‐fractionated fish protein hydrolysate and plant protein‐based diet using 1H NMR‐based metabolomics approach combined with the growth. Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) was obtained by enzymatic treatment, permeate fraction was obtained as UF by ultrafiltered step, and retentate fraction was retained as RF. FM diet contained fish meal used as a single protein source. Four other diets (PP, UF, FPH and RF) contained 180 g kg?1 diet fish meal. 54, 55 and 55 g kg?1 dry diet UF, FPH and RF were supplemented to UF, FPH and RF diets. All diets were formulated to be isolipidic and isonitrogenous fed to five triplicate groups of turbot (16.05 ± 0.03 g) for 68 days. O‐PLS‐DA in FM versus UF, FM versus FPH, FM versus RF and FM versus PP resulted in a reliable model for muscle and liver tissue, while O‐PLS‐DA in UF versus FPH and UF versus RF only showed metabolites changes in liver tissue. Results indicated that metabolite changes among the different treatments were consistent with the growth tendency. 相似文献
19.
An indoor feeding trial in a flow-through marine water system was performed to evaluate the feasibility of using dehulled lupin Lupinus albus seed meal as a protein source to replace fish meal in diets for the juvenile Penaeus monodon. Five isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) diets formulated by replacing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of fish meal protein by lupin meal protein were fed to shrimp (mean initial weight of 4.32 ± 0.23 g) three times daily at a feeding allowance of 5% body weight per day for 42 days. Shrimp fed diets with 0, 25, 50 and 75% replacement had similar (P > 0.05) weight gain, dry matter feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and apparent net protein utilization (ANPU). Shrimp fed the highest dietary inclusion level of lupin meal (100% replacement) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower responses for all the above parameters than shrimp fed all other diets. Survival was high (87–100%) and similar for all diets. Apparent dry matter digestibility (ADMD) of diets with 25, 50, 75 and 100% replacement of fish meal with lupin meal was similar (75.6–76.6%) and significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of diet with 0% replacement (73.9%). Diets containing the two highest lupin inclusion levels (75 and 100% replacement) had significantly (P < 0.05) better apparent protein digestibility (APD) than those containing the two lowest lupin meal inclusion levels (0 and 25% replacement). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in whole-body composition (dry matter, protein, lipid and ash) of shrimp fed on the various diets. Pellet water stability was inversely related to level of lupin meal inclusion. It was found, in this study, that up to 75% protein of fish meal can be replaced with the protein of dehulled lupin seed meal in diets for juvenile P. monodon. The diet with total replacement of fish meal containing 40% lupin meal was utilized very poorly by the shrimp. 相似文献
20.
The use of locally produced fish meal and other dietary manipulations in practical diets for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of this trial was to compare the performance of rainbow trout fed diets including local or imported fish meal as the main protein sources, and to test the effect of reducing the fish meal content or including a fish protein hydrolysate in the diets. Two experimental diets were formulated to include 35% (diet 2) or 20% (diet 3) of a local processed whole fish meal; two other diets were formulated similar to diets 2 and 3 but with 5% fish protein hydrolysate replacing the same amount of fish meal (diets 4 and 5 respectively); a diet similar to diet 2, but including Norwegian fish meal, was used as a control (diet 1). The growth trial lasted 14 weeks and was carried out in floating net cages (325‐L capacity), with duplicate groups of 20 rainbow trout of an initial average weight of 58 g. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of the diets were evaluated in a separate laboratory trial. At the end of the growth trial, there were no significant differences in growth rate and protein efficiency ratio among groups. Feed conversion ratios were significantly better in groups fed diets 3, 4 and 5 than in the other groups. Nitrogen retention (% of N intake) was significantly higher in fish fed diets 4 and 5 than in those fed diet 2. There were no significant differences in energy retention (% of energy intake) among groups. At the end of the trial, there were no significant differences among groups in proximate composition of whole fish. The ADC of protein, energy and phosphorus of diets 1 and 2 were significantly lower than those of diets 3 and 5. It was concluded that, under the experimental conditions tested, performance of rainbow trout fed practical diets including good quality local processed fish meal is similar to that of fish fed diets including Norwegian fish meal. A reduction in the fish meal from 35% to 20% of the diet or the inclusion of a fish protein hydrolysate had no negative effects on growth performance and improved feed utilization. 相似文献