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农业的根本出路在于机械化,农业机械化的根本出路在于农机产业化,农机产业化的核心是农机服务组织的建设,加大农机服务组织的建设力度,加快农机产业化的进程,是推进涟源农机化事业又好又快发展的当务之急. 相似文献
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提高农业国际竞争力的农业机械化体制创新 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
农业机械化是农业现代化的重要内容.为此,分析了我国农业机械化的组织特点,指出了我国农业机械化过程中农机服务产业化是关键,并针对农机服务产业化问题,论述了我国农业机械化组织创新、管理创新和运行机制创新等方面的问题.随着农业产业化的深入发展,农机服务产业化的发展为农业机械化水平的提高创造了条件,从而也为农业国际竞争力的提高奠定了基础. 相似文献
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江泽民同志在十五大报告中指出，积极发展农业产业化经营，形成生产、加工、销售有机结合和相互促进的机制，推进农业向商品化、专业化、现代化转变。这一论述，对于推进我国农业的持续健康发展，具有极其重要的意义。发展农业产业化，进而实现农业现代化的实质是农业生产力的现代化，农业机械化作为农业现代化的载体，是农业现代化的依托。下面就为什么要发展农机服务产业化、农机服务产业化的经营模式及如何推进农机服务产业化等有关问题，结合莱州市的农机化发展状况进行探讨。１ 推进农机服务产业化的必要性１．１ 农机服务产业化是家… 相似文献
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贫困地区农机服务产业化面临的问题与对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农业现代化的充分条件是农业机械化,而农机服务产业化是加速我国农业机械化进程的必由之路.为此,针对贫困地区的实际情况,分析了农机服务产业化面临的5大问题.同时,提出了调整农机产品结构,以满足农业发展的需求;建立健全农机服务市场体系;提高农机作业组织化程度;完善经营机制,大力开拓农机服务市场;解决好农业机械下田难的问题,为农机下田作业创造良好的环境条件和优化发展的政策环境等加快贫困地区农机服务产业化发展的6项对策. 相似文献
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农机服务产业化--我国农机化发展的必由之路 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
农业产业化是我国农业走向现代化的重要途径 ,党和政府已将农业产业化纳入我国农业发展的总体战略中。农业机械化是农业现代化的重要组成部分 ,是提高农业综合生产力的主导方向。随着农业产业化的深入发展 ,农机服务产业化的概念应运而生 ,并在农机化发展过程中发挥着重要的作用 ,表现出强大的生命力。本文拟对农机服务产业化的基本内涵、产生的必然性及发展要点进行论述。1 农机服务产业化的内涵与基本特征农机服务包括宏观管理、技术服务、生产服务三个层次。农机服务产业化是继农业产业化之后提出的 ,目前还没有统一、明确的概念。可理… 相似文献
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一、发展农机服务产业化的必要性首先,我国农村实行家庭联产承包责任制,必须长期稳定。该形式土地经营规模小,地块零碎分散,而农业机械化的高效率、大规模和不可分割等特点,决定了一家一户经营有困难。再加上劳动力投入不足,因为青、壮年劳动力都外出打工,有的甚至到农忙时都不回来,留在家的基本上都是妇女和年迈体弱的劳力,这就需要由专业化经营的农机经营服务实体向农户提供系列化的作业服务。其次,实现农业现代化,必须发展农业机械化,机械化的出路在于产业化。因此,发展农机服务产业化是农业现代化发展对农机化提出的新要求… 相似文献
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提高农业机械化发展水平 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国农业机械化发展相对落后当前,我国农业已开始由传统农业向现代农业转变,进入了建设现代农业的新阶段。现代农业是以农机装备为基础的农业,农业机械化总体水平高低是衡量一个国家农业现代化程度的重要标志。目前,我国农业机械化水平还不适应发展农业产业化和建设现代农业的要求:一是农机服务领域不宽,许多农机服务项目局限于田间作业,不能适应日益增长的农机作业市场的要求;二是农机化技术储备、技术创新能力较弱,经济作物生产机械化技术短缺,不能适应农业结构调整的客观要求;三是农机化投入资金少,融资信贷能力弱,不能适应农业产业化、… 相似文献
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长期以来,"三农"问题一直困扰着农村和农业发展,而农业生产方式落后,又是造成"三农"问题的一个重要原因.在当前的客观条件下,通过推进农机服务产业化,可以改变落后的农业生产方式,继而推动农业生产逐步走向机械化.本文将围绕农机服务产业化展开分析,并就推动农机服务产业化发展提出建议. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献