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1.
The leaf rust resistance gene on chromosome 7AL of ‘Chinese Spring’ transfer no. 12 derived from Thinopyrum ponticum, was transferred to durum wheat by standard backcrossing. In ‘Agatha’ and ‘Indis’ a leaf rust resistance gene from Thinopyrum ponticum and Thinopyrum ponticum respectively, is found on a translocated segment on chromosome arm 7DL. The use of the ‘Langdon’ disomic D-chromosome substitution lines for 7A and 7B resulted in the recovery of tetraploid leaf-rust resistant lines from the crosses with ‘Agatha’ in the B2F1 generation. Tetraploid lines carrying the ‘Indis’ translocation segment were recovered in the B2F2 generation. The F2 segregation ratios for rust resistance after selfing or back-crossing generally fitted a 1: 1 ratio indicating non-transmission of the translocation segments in the male gametes. Homozygous resistant plants were not obtained. Meiotic instability was observed in 28 chromosome B2 F2 derivatives of the crosses between ‘Chinese Spring’ transfer no. 12 and durum wheat.  相似文献   

2.
抗白粉病基因Pm21来自小麦近缘种簇毛麦。小麦一簇毛麦小片段顶端易位系NAU418(T1AS·1AL-6VS)和小片段中间插入易位系NAU419(T4BS·4BL-6VS-4BL)携带Pm21,高抗白粉病,是小麦抗病育种新种质。为了对其育种利用提供依据,以NAU418和NAU419为亲本分别与来源于不同生态区的郑麦9023等12个小麦品种杂交,杂种F_1再分别与来源于不同生态区的农艺亲本进行正、反回交,研究两种易位染色体在不同小麦背景中的遗传稳定性及其通过雌雄配子的传递规律。DNA分子原位杂交结果表明,在杂种F_1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ(Pollen Mother Cell,PMC MI),两种易位染色体分别可以与对应的小麦染色体配对形成棒状二价体。正、反交结果分析表明,NAU418中的小片段顶端易位染色体T1AS·1AL-6VS通过雌配子和雄配子的传递率分别为8.00%~50.98%和7.89%~45.07%,NAU419中的小片段中间插入易位染色体T4BS·4BL-6VS-4BL通过雌配子和雄配子的传递率分别为29.17%~52.38%和7.69%~47.06%。表明2个易位系中的易位染色体都可以通过雌、雄配子传递,但是其通过雄配子的传递率均显著低于通过雌配子的传递率。  相似文献   

3.
利用基因组原位杂交(GISH)和种子醇溶蛋白电泳(A-PAGE)技术对一个可能携带有10倍体长穗偃麦草(Thinopyrum ponticum (Host) Liu & Wang)遗传物质的小麦新种质A-3进行了综合鉴定. 用普通小麦"中国春"(Triticum aesticum L. cv. Chinese Spring)基因组(ABD)DNA作探针, 拟鹅观草[Pseudoroegneria stipifolia(Czern e  相似文献   

4.
2Ai-2染色体在小麦部分同源染色体代换背景中的遗传   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
用中间偃麦草2Ai-2染色体特异的EST-PCR标记检测5个小麦-中间偃麦草二体异代换系(包括端体代换系)与普通小麦中国春(CS)杂交后代群体,研究外源染色体2Ai-2通过杂种向后代的传递率及其结构变异,并用基因组原位杂交进行验证。结果表明,第二部分同源群不同染色体代换背景对外源染色体传递的影响不同,在2B代换系的杂种中外源染色体或片段显示优先传递,而在2D代换系的杂种中其传递力则较低,2B代换背景更有利于2Ai-2染色体或片段的传递;外源染色体在杂种后代传递过程中会发生变异,在多数组合中,变异出现在着丝粒处;与短臂相比,外源染色体长臂更容易在世代中丢失;端体代换系中的外源染色体端体在杂种后代传递过程中容易丢失,且也会发生结构变异。基因组原位杂交结果证明了分子标记跟踪外源染色体的可靠性。  相似文献   

5.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders often utilize alien sources to supply new genetic variation to their breeding programs. However, the alien gene complexes have not always behaved as desired when placed into a wheat background. The introgressed genes of interest may be linked to undesirable genes, expressed at low levels or not at all. The short arm of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome one (1RS) contains many valuable genes for wheat improvement. In order to study rye gene response to varying copy number, wheat lines were constructed which contained zero, two or four doses of 1RS. The meiotic behavior of rye chromosome 1R, and wheat/rye translocation chromosomes, 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS was studied in the F1 hybrids between wheat lines carrying 1R or the translocation chromosomes. The IRS arm was transmitted at a very high frequency; 98 % of the F2 plants had at least one of the chromosomes with a IRS arm. In addition, 44 % of the F2 plants received at least one copy of the chromosomes from each parent. Analysis of the meiotic behavior of the IRS arm suggested that few euploid wheat gametes were formed. Therefore, most of the pollen must have contained IRS. It is unknown whether the lack of euploid wheat pollen could account for the high transmission frequency of the rye chromosomes. There may have been differential survival of the embryos receiving the rye chromosome as well.  相似文献   

6.
小麦-黑麦1RS/1BL新易位系的创制和分子细胞遗传学鉴定   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
利用普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L．）品种小偃6号与黑麦（Secale cereale L．）品种德国白粒杂交，选育出一批带有黑麦抗病性状的小偃6号类型种质材料。应用连续C-分带-基因组原位杂交（sequent C-banding-GISH）技术对上述材料进行染色体组成分析，筛选出2个小麦-黑麦1RS/1BL纯合易位系BC152-1-1和BC01-89-1。其中，BC152-1-1（2n=42）除含有1对1RS/1BL易位染色体外，未见其他染色体变异；BC01-89-1（2n=43）除含有1对1RS/1BL纯合易位染色体外，还附加1条两端缺失的3R染色体。高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）组成分析和品质分析结果表明，BC152-1-1和BC01-89-1不仅含有来自小偃6号的14＋15优质亚基，而且其蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和SDS沉降值等品质性状都得到显著改良。  相似文献   

7.
Z. L. Ren    T. Lelley  G. Röbbelen 《Plant Breeding》1990,105(4):265-270
Hybrid plants with 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes and with a haploid rye genome were produced by backcrossing a primary octoploid triticale with its parental hexaploid wheat. Upon a second backcrossing or selfing, the rye chromosomes were eliminated rapidly. Added rye chromosomes, in varying numbers, affected the transmission rate of wheat chromosomes significantly. Loss of wheat chromosomes ranging from 0.06 to 0.35 per plant in different populations was observed. In these plants a remarkably high incidence of wheat/rye and rye/rye translocations occurred. Translocations were identified by using the C-banding technique. Among 837 analyzed plants 64 wheat/rye and 256 rye/rye translocations were identified. In different generations of backcrossing or selfing the frequency of wheat/rye translocations varied between 4.23 % and 14.67 %. All 14 rye chromosome arms were involved in translocations but with different frequencies. BC1F3 plants with homozygous wheat/rye translocations were isolated The results indicate that monosomic wheat/rye addition lines may be directly used as an effective means to transfer genetic material from rye into bread wheat.  相似文献   

8.
Development of wheat–alien translocation lines has facilitated practical utilization of alien species in wheat improvement. The production of a compensating Triticum aestivum–Thinopyrum bessarabicum whole‐arm Robertsonian translocation (RobT) involving chromosomes 6D of wheat and 6Eb of Th. bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14, EbEb) through the mechanism of centric breakage–fusion is reported here. An F2 population was derived from plants double‐monosomic for chromosome 6D and 6Eb from crosses between a DS6Eb(6D) substitution line and bread wheat cultivar ‘Roushan’ (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) as female parent. Eighty F2 genotypes (L1–L80) were screened for chromosome composition. Three PCR‐based Landmark Unique Gene (PLUG) markers specific to chromosomes 6D and 6Eb were used for screening the F2 plants. One plant with a T6EbS.6DL centric fusion (RobT) was identified. A homozygous translocation line with full fertility was recovered among F3 families and verified with genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Grain micronutrient analysis showed that the DS6Eb(6D) substitution line and T6EbS.6DL stock have higher Fe and Zn contents than the recipient wheat cultivar ‘Roushan’.  相似文献   

9.
Resistance to viruses such as wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV) is lacking in the primary gene pool of wheat, and therefore resistance is being introgressed from wild relatives such as Thinopyrum species. Resistance to BYDV was found in partial amphiploids (2n = 8x = 56, consisting of 42 wheat and14 alien chromosomes) obtained in hybrids between wheat and both Th. intermedium and Th.ponticum. GISH analysis revealed that the alien genomes of all but one resistant partial amphiploid were heterogeneous consisting of different ratios of St, Js and J genome chromosomes obtained from theThinopyrum parent. Translocated chromosomes consisting of Robertsonian, interstitial and terminal translocations between the different genomes were also detected. The tissue blot immunoassay showed that partial amphiploids having resistance could be inoculated with the virus but both virus multiplication and spread were completely blocked. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

10.
Yellow dwarf (YD) disease is one of the most destructive diseases of cereals worldwide. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–Thinopyrum intermedium 7E(7D) substitution line P29 carries resistance to YD, known as Bdv3, that originates on the long arm of chromosome 7E of Th. intermedium, and the resistance was introgressed into wheat chromosome 7D as T7DS.7DL–7EL in the translocation lines P961341 and P98134. Until now, quantification of YD viruses in cereal crops was usually done by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which is time consuming and laborious. To facilitate this analysis, SSR‐Bdv3, a diagnostic molecular marker, was developed in this study. The transmission of the Th. intermedium segment with Bdv3 was investigated using the SSR‐Bdv3 marker and ELISA in F2 and testcross progeny derived by crossing two wheat–Th. intermedium translocation lines to four common wheat cultivars. A Th. intermedium chromosome 7E segment in the translocation line P98134 was preferentially transmitted through male gametes in all of its crosses with the four wheat cultivars. However, the transmission frequency of the Th. intermedium 7E segment in another wheat–Th. intermedium translocation line, P961341, varied in different genetic backgrounds. The F2 populations from reciprocal crosses of Chinese Spring and P961341 showed good fits to the expected ratio of 1 : 2 : 1. In this study, male preferential transmission for either chromosome 7E or chromosome 7D was observed in the progeny derived by crossing P961341 to other wheat cultivars.  相似文献   

11.
Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy is a diploid, wild relative of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Previous studies showed that D. villosum chromosome 1V has genes that encode seed storage proteins that may be used to enhance the grain quality of bread wheat. As a first step in genetic transfer, the present study was initiated to develop compensating Robertsonian translocations involving wheat chromosome 1D and D. villosum chromosome 1V and to analyze their effects on grain quality. A monosomic 1D stock was crossed with the disomic addition stock DA1V#3 and the double monosomic plants (20″ + 1D′ + 1V#3′) were self pollinated. Two co-dominant STS markers (BE499250 and BE591682) polymorphic for the short arm of 1V#3S and two dominant STS markers (BE518358 and BE585781) polymorphic for the long arm of 1V#3L were developed to screen a large number of progeny to identify plants that had only the 1V#3S or 1V#3L arms. Five compensating Robertsonian heterozygous translocations, two (plants #56 and #83) for the short arm (T1DL·1V#3S) and three (plants #7, #123, and #208) for the long arm (T1DS·1V#3L) were identified from 282 F2 plants and confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization and C-banding analyses. Two homozygous translocations T1DL·1V#3S (plants #14 and #39) were identified from 52 F3 plants derived from F2 plant #83. Four homozygous translocations T1DS·1V#3L (plants #3, #22, #29, and #30) were identified from 68 F3 plants derived from F2 plant #208. The homozygous translocation T1DL·1V#3S had a significantly higher (37.4 ml) and T1DS·1V#3L had significantly lower (10 ml) Zeleny sedimentation values compared to Chinese Spring wheat (30.7 ml). Our results showed that 1V#3S increased gluten strength and enhanced wheat quality, but 1V#3L decreased gluten strength and did not enhance wheat quality.  相似文献   

12.
普通小麦中国春-百萨偃麦草异染色体系的分子标记分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
综合利用HMW-Glu亚基、STS、SSR和RFLP等分子标记对普通小麦中国春、百萨偃麦草、中国春-百萨偃麦草双二倍体和11个中国春-百萨偃麦草异染色体系进行了分析。结果表明，14对SSR、10对STS引物和6个RFLP标记可以特异追踪百萨偃麦草染色质。C7-17及其后代株系C7-17-2等编码百萨偃麦草特异HMW-Glu亚基，添加染色体涉及与小麦第１部分同源群染色体部分同源的1J；1对STS、3对SSR和1个RFLP探针可以特异追踪二体附加系CH05中的百萨偃麦草染色体，并揭示最初根据分带核型确定的J3与小麦第2部分同源群染色体具有较高的部分同源性；2对STS、1个RFLP探针和1对SSR可以追踪CH09的外源染色体，并揭示最初确定的J7与小麦第3部分同源群染色体具有较高的部分同源性；1对STS和1个RFLP探针在CH03、CH04和CH34中具有相同的多态，3个附加系可能添加了相同染色体，最初确定的J1、J2和J?与小麦第7部分同源群染色体具有较高的部分同源性；3对SSR引物可以特异追踪CH12中附加的大片段易位染色体和CH11中的小片段易位染色体，推测易位可能涉及同一条百萨偃麦草染色体。发现13个标记（5个STS、3个RFLP探针和5个SSR）可以追踪未涉及到的4J和5J等染色体。  相似文献   

13.
Summary The Sr27 translocation in WRT238 was found to consist of chromosome arms 3RS of rye and 3AS of common wheat. An attempt was made to purposely produce compensating translocations having 3RS and a wheat homoeologous group 3L arm. To achieve this, plants, double monosomic for 3R and a wheat homoeologous group 3 chromosome, were irradiated (7.5 Gy gamma rays) or left untreated before being used to pollinate stem rust susceptible testers. Segregation for stem rust resistance was studied to identify F2 families with Sr27-carrying translocated chromosomes, these were confirmed by means of C-banding. Compensating translocations 3RS3AL and 3RS3BL) were obtained readily and at similar frequencies from untreated and irradiated plants (respectively, 7.2% and 9.3%). Both translocation types have impaired transmission and segregate approximately 3: 2 (present: absent) in the F2.  相似文献   

14.
The wheat progenitors and other wild relatives continue to be important sources of genes for agronomically desirable traits, which can be transferred into durum wheat (Triticum turgidum; 2n = 4x = 28; AABB genomes) cultivars via hybridization. Chromosome pairing in durum × alien species hybrids provides an understanding of genomic relationships, which is useful in planning alien gene introgression strategies. Two durum cultivars, ‘Lloyd’ and ‘Langdon’, were crossed with diploid wheatgrass, Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14; JJ), to synthesize F1 hybrids (2n = 3x = 21; ABJ) with Ph1. ‘Langdon’ disomic substitution 5D(5B) was used as a female parent to produce F1 hybrids without Ph1, which resulted in elevation of pairing between durum and grass chromosomes – an important feature from the breeding standpoint. The F1 hybrids were backcrossed to respective parental cultivars and BC1 progenies were raised. ‘Langdon’ 5D(5B) substitution × Th. bessarabicum F1 hybrids were crossed with normal ‘Langdon’ to obtain BC1 progeny. Chromosome pairing relationships were studied in F1 hybrids and BC1 progenies using both conventional staining and fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl‐GISH) techniques. Multicolour fl‐GISH was standardized for characterizing the nature and specificity of chromosome pairing: A–B, A–J and B–J pairing. The A–J and B–J pairing will facilitate gene introgression in durum wheat. Multicolour fl‐GISH will help in characterizing alien chromosome segments captured in the durum complement and in their location in the A and/or B genome, thereby accelerating chromosome engineering research.  相似文献   

15.
S. Y. Lin  H. Ikehashi 《Euphytica》1993,67(1-2):35-40
Summary A locus for male gamete abortion in hybrids for Japonica and Indica rice was identified with the aid of marker genes Rc and Est-9 on chromosome 7. In an Indica-Japonica cross, AKAMAI 1/IR50, the Indica allele Est-9 2 was transmitted via the male gamete with a ratio of 0.29 instead of the normal 0.5, whereas no segregation distortion was observed for the Rc locus. The recombination value (p) for Est-9 and Rc was estimated to be 0.38 by a least square method after adjusting Mendelian segregation ratios with the male transmission ratios of 0.29 (Tr) for Est-9 2 and 0.71 (1-Tr) for Est-9 1. The recombination value (q) for the new locus for male gamete abortion, ga-11, and Est-9 was estimated to be 0.23 by using 56 F3 lines from F2 plants which were heterozygous for the Est-9 locus. No linkage for Rc and ga-11 was found. Therefore, the two markers and ga-11 were located in the order of ga-11-Est-9-Rc. Using the estimated recombination value (q), the male transmission rate (k) of ga-11 a was estimated to be 0.11 with the F2 data and-0.07 with the F3 line data. Thus, it was apparent that male gametes possessing ga-11 a were frequently aborted in the Indica-Japonica hybrid.  相似文献   

16.
Tetraploid wheatgrass, Thinopyrum junceiforme(2n = 4x = 28; J1J1J2J2), a wild relative of wheat, is an excellent source of resistance to Fusarium head blight. Intergeneric F1 hybrids (2n = 4x = 28; ABJ1J2) between durum wheat (Triticum turgidum; 2n = 4x = 28; AABB) cultivars Lloyd or Langdon and Th. junceiforme were synthesized. Most of the pairing in F1 hybrids was between the J1- and J2-genome chromosomes. Some pairing occurred between wheat chromosomes and alien chromosomes, resulting in segmental exchange that was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The F1hybrids were largely male-sterile and were backcrossed, as the female parent, to the respective durum cultivar. Backcrosses from Lloyd × Th. junceiforme hybrids yielded fertile partial amphiploids (2n = 6x = 42; AABBJ1J2) as a result of functioning of unreduced female gametes of the hybrid. Lloyd proved to be a more useful durum parent than Langdon in crosses with Th. junceiforme designed to transfer scab resistance genes. Pairing in the amphiploids was characterized by preferential pairing,which resulted in bivalent formation. However, some intergeneric pairing also occurred. Several fertile hybrid derivatives were produced by further backcrossing and selfing. The introduction of alien chromatin into the durum complement was confirmed by FISH. Hybrid derivative lines had significantly lower mean infection scores (p = 0.01), the best showing 10.93% infection, whereas the parental durum cultivars had 70.34% to 89.46% infection. Hybridization with wild relatives may offer an excellent means of introducing scab resistance into durum wheat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

17.
小麦雄性不育主要是通过花粉的败育表现,其不育材料对小麦杂种优势的利用研究具有重要意义和价值,国外研究表明,某些特定普通小麦品种间杂交F1表现的花粉部分不育现象,受控于核基因组花粉致死基因Ki,为了筛选小麦花粉致死基因Ki的连锁标记,利用现代分子生物学技术通过定位该基因,克隆出花粉致死基因连锁标记片段,为小麦雄性不育种质材料的转育提供有效的选择标记。对小麦花粉致死基因Ki进行了分子标记定位,以‘中国春’和澳大利亚春小麦品种的BC1F1代作为定位群体,利用分离群体分组分析法(BSA)对位于小麦6B染色体上85对SSR引物进行多态性筛选,具有多态性的引物再通过BC1F1定位群体进行验证,从中筛选出与目的基因连锁的2个SSR标记Xgwm626和Xgpw4138。运用Mapmaker 3.0软件进行连锁分析。结果表明,Xgwm626和Xgpw4138与Ki基因的遗传距离分别为9.2 cM和6.9 cM,且2个SSR标记位于目的基因两侧,并将Ki定位于小麦6BL染色体上。研究结果为Ki基因的分子标记辅助选择和进一步精细定位奠定了基础。  相似文献   

18.
G. Mülier    T. Böhme    H. Borschel    U. Vahl  A. Wiberg 《Plant Breeding》1990,104(4):272-280
Anther culture in the breeding process of winter wheat. III. Ability of winter wheat F1 populations with the two heterozygous 1AL–IAS/1AL–IRS and 1BL–1BS/1BL–IRS chromosome pairs Application of anther culture to four F1 hybrids between the IBL–IRS (‘Amigo’) and several 1BL–IRS wheat-rye translocation forms yielded 129 green pollen plants in an average embryo induction frequency of 17.6 %. A total of 2632 anthers was inoculated. 25 % and 42 % of the regenerated plants were haploid and spontaneously doubled haploid, and 33 % had abnormal chromosomal structure. After chromosome doubling treatment 87% of all pollen plants set seeds. By means of multiple peroxidases and Giemsa C-banding patterns, the anther culture progeny could be further classified into 16 plants without the short arm of IR-chromosome of rye, 21 IAL–IRS and 50 1BL–IRS translocation lines and into 16 IAL–IRS, IBL–IRS double translocation lines according to the four possible characteristic types of F2 gametes of the tested F1 hybrids. Advantages of the haploid technique for the selection of desirable traits and the meaning of the IRS genes in wheat are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
C. He  G. R. Hughes 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(4):375-377
Common bunt caused by Tilletia tritici and T. laevis has occurred worldwide and reduces yield and quality in common and durum wheats. The development of DNA markers linked to bunt resistance to race T1 in the cross, ‘Laura’(S) בRL5407’ (R), was carried out in this study based on the single head derived F4:5 and single seed derived F4:6 populations. Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify two random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the gene for resistance to race T1 in the spelt wheat ‘RL5407′. The two markers identified, UBC548590 and UBC274988, flanked the resistance gene with a map distance of 9.1 and 18.2 cM, respectively. The former was linked in repulsion phase to bunt resistance while the later was in coupling phase. The two RAPD markers and the common bunt‐resistance gene all segregated in Mendelian fashion. Use of these two RAPD markers together could assist in incorporating the bunt‐resistance gene from spelt wheat into common wheat cultivars by means of marker‐assisted selection.  相似文献   

20.
Eight γ-irradiation-induced Triticum aestivum – Thinopyrum ponticum translocations conveying the blue aleurone were characterized using molecular cytogenetic approach. The size of alien chromosome segments was estimated by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The wheat chromosome segments involved in these translocations were clearly identified by two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the probes of pAs1 and pSc119.2 (or pHvG38). Most of the detected translocations were reciprocal translocations involving wheat chromosomes 1B, 2D, 3A, 4A, 5B, 6B, 6D and 7A. This series of blue-grained wheat translocation lines would be useful in theoretical studies and wheat chromosome engineering breeding.  相似文献   

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