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1.
蛋鸡发声与机械噪声特征提取及分类识别 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
规模化蛋鸡舍中不同机械设备运行所产生的噪声会干扰蛋鸡声音提取。为了分析分类识别蛋鸡发声与机械噪声的可行性,该研究以蛋鸡产蛋发声、鸣唱声和规模化蛋鸡舍中通风系统、饲喂系统、清粪系统、集蛋系统单独运行时的噪声为研究对象,运用LabVIEW软件提取了蛋鸡发声和机械噪声的功率谱密度,以子带功率比为特征向量,在数据挖掘平台Weka上应用J48决策树算法构建声音分类识别器。结果表明,蛋鸡产蛋发声和鸣唱声的最大功率比位于频率范围689~1 378 Hz内,通风系统噪声和饲喂系统噪声的最大功率比位于频率范围0~689 Hz内,清粪系统噪声和集蛋系统噪声的最大功率比位于频率范围1 378~2 756 Hz内;该声音分类识别模型的平均识别率为93.4%,其中蛋鸡鸣唱声和产蛋发声的识别率分别为85.9%和92.5%,机械噪声的分类识别率更高,说明基于子带功率比的声音识别方法具有较好的识别效果,该结果为规模化蛋鸡养殖舍复杂声音环境中检测蛋鸡声音提供了参考。 相似文献
2.
为了分析不同饲养模式和阶段对蛋鸡发声的影响,并为构建基于蛋鸡声音信息的健康养殖评价系统提供参考,该研究对蛋鸡的发声进行了监测,通过声音预处理、特征提取、数据挖掘和统计分析等方法,研究笼养和栖架饲养模式下、育成期和产蛋期蛋鸡的声学特征。结果表明,典型蛋鸡声音可分为产蛋叫声、鸣唱声、鸣叫声和争斗尖叫声等四类。产蛋期蛋鸡发声的峰值频率和声音能量水平均低于育成期蛋鸡。同时发现蛋鸡发声的峰值频率与蛋鸡周龄大小呈现负相关关系,由14周龄的(2 192±320)Hz降至41周龄的(1 550±345)Hz。比较笼养和栖架养殖模式下蛋鸡的声音特征发现:栖架养殖模式下蛋鸡发出的声音信号次数、持续时间和声音能量均高于笼养模式,栖架养殖下的蛋鸡发声数量是笼养模式下蛋鸡的3倍以上,栖架系统内蛋鸡白天的声音能量比笼养蛋鸡高接近1倍,这些结果表明在以福利化为目标的栖架养殖模式中蛋鸡表达更多的自然行为,蛋鸡发声的丰富程度可用于后续开发评价蛋鸡的福利状况的方法。 相似文献
3.
蛋壳破损自动检测模型研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了建立蛋壳破损检测模型,试验采用敲蛋装置与声检测控制器组成的计算机蛋破损检测系统获取被检蛋声音信号数据。通过对蛋声音信号的功率谱分析而得到反映蛋壳破损特征的参数：功率谱面积的平均值x1,最大功率谱面积与最小功率谱面积的差值x2,X轴方向上质心的平均值x3,X轴方向上质心最大值与其最小值的差x4,Y轴方向上质心的平均值x5,Y轴方向上质心最大值与其最小值的差x6,共振峰频率的最大值x7和共振峰频率的最大值与其最小值间的差值x8;再通过Bayes原理建立与蛋壳破损特征参数相关的蛋壳破损模型。检验结果表明模型准确率达到92%。 相似文献
4.
基于功率谱和共振峰的母羊发声信号识别 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
内蒙古及周边西部地区正在发展规模化种草设施圈养,这种养殖模式要求较高的福利化饲养水平。母羊在不同的应激行为下会发出不同的声信号,可以通过识别母羊发声信号去评价其健康状况和福利化养殖水平。该研究以成年小尾寒羊为例,通过无线语音数据采集卡,平均采集80只母羊在寻羔、饥饿和惊吓3种应激行为下的发声,用Audacity软件共分割成1 200句叫声信号,并用带通滤波和小波消噪进行预处理。每种应激行为下再随机选取200句发声信号,共计600句进行AR(auto-regressive)功率谱估计和共振峰分析,提取第1、2和3共振峰频率和6个代表性的功率谱估计频域参数:功率谱密度的平均值、几何平均值、中值、切尾平均值、平均绝对偏差值和四位分极差,同时也提取叫声信号的最大值、持续时间和间隔时间时域参数,这些特征参数用于训练BP(back propagation)神经网络母羊发声信号识别模型,剩余的600句发声信号用于测试模型的识别效果。结果表明:母羊在不同应激行为下的发声信号具有明显差异的特征参数,采用共振峰参数训练的BP网络,其对母羊发声信号的正确识别率为85.3%,高于利用AR功率谱估计参数的81.0%,当2种参数进行组合训练BP网络后,其正确识别率可达93.8%,表明这种方法的识别效果更好,由于在同一种应激行为下,不同年龄和体质量的母羊发声信号具有一定的差异性,使得系统的误识别率达到6.2%。 相似文献
5.
基于声信号特征加权的设施养殖羊行为分类识别 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
中国西部地区正在发展集约化和规模化的设施养羊业,通过监测羊舍内的声信号可以判别羊只的行为状态,从而为设施养羊的福利化水平评估提取基础依据。梅尔频率倒谱系数（mel frequency cepstrum coefficient,MFCC）模拟了人耳对语音的处理特点且抗噪音性强,被广泛用于畜禽发声信号的特征提取,但其没有考虑各个特征分量表征声信号的能力。该研究构建羊舍无线声音数据采集系统,采集20只羊在设施羊舍内的打斗、饥饿、咳嗽、啃咬和寻伴共5种行为下的声信号,并通过Audacity音频处理软件选出720个清晰且不重叠的声音样本数据。根据MFCC各分量对羊舍声信号表征能力,特征参数提取采用一种熵值加权的MFCC参数,再求其一、二阶差分并进行主成分分析降维,得到优化的19维特征参数。通过对羊舍声信号的声谱图分析,设计了支持向量机二叉树识别模型,并对模型内的4个分类器参数进行网格化寻优测试,该识别模型对羊只5种行为下的声信号进行分类识别,用改进的特征参数与传统MFCC和线性预测倒谱系数（linear predictive cepstrum coefficient,LPCC）进行对比分析。结果表明,该特征参数对5种行为的识别率平均可达83.6%,分别高于MFCC和LPCC参数14.1%和26.8%,羊只打斗和咳嗽行为的声信号属于相似的短时爆发类声音,其识别率分别仅为80.6%和79.5%,啃咬声特征显著不易混淆,其查全率可达到为92.5%,改进特征参数更好的表征了羊舍声信号的特征,提高了羊只不同行为的识别率,为羊只健康和福利状况的监测提供理论依据。 相似文献
6.
7.
鸡蛋新鲜度综合无损检测模型及试验 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
为了提高鸡蛋新鲜度无损检测的准确性,该文用反映鸡蛋内部颜色的计算机图像参数和鸡蛋敲击响应特性参数构成鸡蛋新鲜度综合无损检测模型,利用两种检测方法之间的参数进行相互补偿和修正。用机器视觉装置获取鸡蛋颜色的亮度、蛋形指数,用声音采集装置获取声音的功率谱面积、共振峰频率、X轴方向的质心,通过试验测得对应鸡蛋的新鲜度（哈夫单位）。以它们为样本数据建立多元线性回归模型,获取鸡蛋新鲜度与其图像特征参数和声音特征参数之间的最优关系。经检验,所建模型判别鸡蛋新鲜度的正确率为92%。 相似文献
8.
基于改进MFCC的家禽发声特征提取方法 总被引：10，自引：9，他引：1
动物的发声包含丰富的信息,能够在一定程度上反馈其自身机体状况及对环境的应激情况,因此发声已成为评价动物福利的一个重要参考指标。为了实现对动物发声信息的自动采集与分析,该研究针对蛋鸡,探索采用不同特征提取算法用于识别蛋鸡叫声。在分析线性预测倒谱参数(LPCC)与梅尔频标倒谱系数法(MFCC)的基础上,结合识别的目标,提出了改进的平均梅尔频标倒谱系数法(AMFCC),并针对三种不同的特征提取算法采用支持向量机分类模型进行了正确识别效率验证,结果表明改进的AMFCC方法比前两种算法正识效率有显著提高。 相似文献
9.
循环水养殖大口黑鲈摄食颗粒饲料的声学特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为突破智能投饲系统的技术瓶颈,近年来采用被动声学技术开展鱼虾摄食行为研究成为热点之一。该研究主要采用被动声学技术获取单体大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）摄食声信号,从混合信号中提取完善的摄食信号,筛选可作为衡量大口黑鲈摄食活跃度的声学特征参数,以期对摄食活跃度进行量化。根据大口黑鲈喂食期间的同步音频与视频记录,确定信号类别并进行标记,主要提取每次吞食饲料的时域与频域特征,对比各参数与吞食次序之间的相关度。研究结果表明,摄食声信号能量主要集中于4～7 kHz,且大口黑鲈吞食间隔与吞食次序呈正相关,稳定性较强;而时域特征中的波形振幅极差与频域特征的功率积分值均与吞食次序呈负相关。吞食间隔、振幅极差及功率积分值均可以作为衡量摄食活跃度的量化指标,而共振峰与平均梅尔倒谱系数可作为摄食声识别参数,研究结果可为今后养殖鱼类被动声学智能投饲系统研发提供理论基础。 相似文献
10.
含风机噪声的蛋鸡声音信号去噪方法比较 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
蛋鸡声音可用来评价蛋鸡本身的福利状况,然而蛋鸡舍中往往存在着低频风机噪声干扰蛋鸡声音信号的时频特征。为了优化含风机噪声的蛋鸡声音信号,以海兰褐蛋鸡为例,利用数字化声音采集平台,采集了不同的蛋鸡叫声和风机噪声。采用LabVIEW软件,分析了蛋鸡声音和风机噪声的时频特征,同时比较了滤波器和小波去噪方法在去除风机噪声方面的应用效果。结果表明,蛋鸡产蛋期间的声音频率范围为400~2 500 Hz,而风机噪声的频率在600 Hz以内。在信噪比为-20~10 dB蛋鸡声音环境中,无限脉冲响应滤波器滤波后的均方根误差要比有限脉冲响应滤波器滤波后的均方根误差小,说明无限脉冲响应滤波器具有更好的滤波效果,与其他小波阈值去噪方法相比,以史坦无偏似然估计为阈值的小波去噪方法在去噪后的均方根误差最小,表明这种方法的去噪效果更好。该研究可为蛋鸡舍中风机噪声环境下的蛋鸡声音识别提供参考。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献