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1.
ADP核糖基转移酶3(ADP-ribosyl transferases 3,ART3)是ADP核糖基转移酶(ADP-ribosyl transferases, ARTs)家族成员之一,与非阻塞性无精症及癌症高度相关,干扰ART3基因或抑制该基因编码蛋白的表达,会导致精子密度降低、畸形率升高和曲细精管生精细胞脱落。ART3在精子发生过程中不可或缺,因此,深入研究其功能很有必要。目前,ART3在精子发生中的具体作用机制尚不清楚,并且相关研究报道较少。笔者综述了ARTs家族成员蛋白结构及其在精子发生中的作用,ART3蛋白结构预测及其在睾丸组织中的定位,并通过分析其在三阴性乳腺癌和黑色素瘤中的功能和作用,探讨其可能参与的调控通路,以期为揭示ART3在精子发生中的功能及作用机制提供科学参考,为提升动物精液品质、解决雄性不育等问题提供思路。 相似文献
2.
ADP-核糖基化因子(Arf)属于小GTP酶的Ras超家族，与其他Ras相关的GTP结合蛋白一样，Arf蛋白在其活性GTP结合和非活性GDP结合构象之间循环。在酵母中其参与高尔基体和核内体的结构并发挥功能。在哺乳动物中Arf家族共包含了六个成员，基于大小和氨基酸序列同一性，这六种Arf蛋白可分为三类，Ⅰ类包括Arf1、Arf2和Arf3,Ⅱ类包括Arf4和Arf5,Ⅲ类包括Arf6。Arf蛋白在生物体内普遍表达，通过膜蛋白、细胞骨架调节因子的膜募集等协调细胞中的囊泡运输。同时，Arf蛋白还参与脂质信号传导和脂质代谢调节脂质介导的非囊泡运输。因此，Arf蛋白在有丝分裂、减数分裂、肌动蛋白细胞骨架、纤毛运输中均发挥重要功能。文章阐述了Arf蛋白家族成员在哺乳动物中的作用机制与功能，并对其未来研究进行了展望。 相似文献
3.
在光镜下,从额状面、矢状面和水平面观察了用Nissl法和Golgi-Cox法染色的奶山羊脑干连续切片,对疑后核、疑核和面后核的形态及构筑进行了研究,结果如下: 一、奶山羊疑后核的形态与构筑与Taber(1961)所述猫的及Breazile(1967)所述家猪的近似;其在延髓内所占的位置相当于脊髓中间外侧细胞柱。 二、奶山羊的疑核可分为一内侧部和一外侧部。内侧部为一不规则的纵细胞柱,相当于Taber(1961)所述猫的疑核;但其中点细胞稀少,因而内侧部又可分为咀侧段和尾侧段。外侧部从外侧、背侧和腹侧将内侧部及面后核包围,因而其全长呈一不封闭的圆筒状,缺口在内侧,这种结构是猫、大鼠等动物所不具备的。 三、奶山羊面后核的位置与猫的相似(Taber 1961),但细胞排列较猫的密集。 相似文献
4.
铅长期暴露对黄河鲤红细胞微核率、核异常率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用微核观察方法,研究了铅(PbCl2)暴露30 d对黄河鲤红细胞微核率、核异常率的影响。结果表明,染毒Pb2+可引起黄河鲤微核率和核异常率指标发生显著变化,随着染毒Pb2+浓度的增加,黄河鲤红细胞微核和核异常率呈现先下降后上升的规律性变化。同一染毒浓度时染毒时间对于微核和核异常率的影响具有累积效应。 相似文献
5.
将鲫分别暴露于不同浓度阿特拉津与氯氰菊酯混合溶液中,研究阿特拉津与氯氰菊酯联合染毒对鲫红细胞微核和核异常的影响,探讨其对鲫遗传毒性影响的变化规律和趋势。结果显示:阿特拉津与氯氰菊酯联合染毒对鲫红细胞微核率和核异常率的影响在一定条件下具有"浓度-时间-效应"关系。较低浓度阿特拉津(5.3 mg/l)与氯氰菊酯联合在染毒后期(第11 d)微核率增加显著,较高浓度阿特拉津(7.11、0.6 mg/l)与氯氰菊酯联合在染毒第8 d微核率增加显著。较高浓度阿特拉津(7.1、10.6 mg/l)-氯氰菊酯联合在短时间(第3 d)核异常率显著,较低浓度阿特拉津(5.3 mg/l)与氯氰菊酯联合在染毒后期(第11 d)核异常率增加极显著。由此得出,阿特拉津与氯氰菊酯联合对鲫具有潜在的遗传毒性效应,且随阿特拉津与氯氰菊酯联合浓度的增加和染毒时间的延长而增强。 相似文献
6.
本文综述了肉种公鸡性行为和攻击行为神经内分泌调控的部分研究,旨在发现相关的机制以减少肉种公鸡对母鸡的攻击行为而增加肉种鸡群的繁殖力。通过分析早期立即基因的表达,发现斑纹底核中核的腹内侧亚核(BSTM2)特异性调控公鸡的求偶行为;视前区中核和外侧隔参与性行为和攻击行为的调控;大脑皮层联合底核和视旁核的活化与应激相关。进一步研究表明,BSTM2中雌激素生成酶(ARO)和精氨酸加压素(AVT)神经元对求偶行为有特异性的调控作用;而视前区中核ARO神经元通过不同的活化模式参与性行为和攻击行为的调控。大脑中AVT受体(AVPR1A)与ARO的高水平表达与肉种公鸡的强社会性和高性行为能力紧密相关。 相似文献
7.
促性腺激素释放激素在妊娠牦牛下丘脑主要核团中的表达 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《畜牧与兽医》2016,(2):82-84
为了研究促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)在妊娠期牦牛下丘脑主要核团中的表达,研究其与牦牛妊娠期调控的关系。运用免疫组化ABC法和图像分析软件Image-Pro Plus 6.0对妊娠期牦牛下丘脑主要核团中GnRH的表达情况进行研究。结果表明:在下丘脑中,GnRH神经元主要分布在下丘脑前核(AH)、乳头体内侧核(MMN)、腹内侧核(VMN)、弓状核(ARC)和室旁核(PVN)等核团。在核团间,GnRH阳性产物的表达面积(S)及累积光密度(IOD)值存在差异,(SAHSMMNSVMNSARCSPVN和IODAHIODMMNIODVMNIODARCIODPVN);妊娠期的表达量高于非妊娠期的,推测这些核团中的GnRH神经元对妊娠期激素的调控发挥重要作用。 相似文献
8.
顶盖前下核/顶盖前间下核(Nucleus subpre-tectalis/nucleus interstito-pretectalis-subpretectalis,SP/IPS核)向圆核的投射是鸟类视觉信息传导通路的一个重要组成部分。本试验使用羰花青荧光染料DiI逆向神经标记技术研究了这些投射向圆核的SP/IPS细胞(S细胞)的形态特征。根据树突的数量及分枝情况,标记出的S细胞可分为Ⅰ型细胞和Ⅱ型细胞,然后根据次级树突的数量又分别将这2种细胞分为简单型和复杂型2种。形态学测量表明,Ⅰ型细胞的胞体大小、面积均小于Ⅱ型细胞,其数目也略少。 相似文献
9.
为建立检测原料乳中粘质沙雷氏菌(S.marcescens)定性定量的检测方法,本研究利用S. marcescens S-核糖基高半胱氨酸酶(luxS)基因片段设计1对特异性引物,设计并建立了S. marcescens luxS基因的SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR的检测方法。结果显示,该方法可特异性检测粘质沙雷氏菌的存在,检测的最低限为6.9×10~2cfu/mL。与其他原料乳中常见的微生物均无交叉反应,比常规PCR的检测限(6.9×10~3cfu/mL)要广。对2015年11月~2016年1月长江下游地区8个牧场的原料乳进行检验,结果表明本检测方法具有较好的敏感性、特异性和实用性。 相似文献
10.
本文回顾了下丘脑大细胞神经分泌系统的研究历史,并着重概述了该系统近期的形态学研究进展。视上核分为主部和交叉后部,主要成自大的、致密排列的多极神经元,多为加压素(VAS)能。其纤维主要参予形成视上垂体束,部分则投射至室旁核和正中隆起外侧带。室旁核分为5个亚部。内侧室旁核主要成自催产素(OXY)能大细胞,外侧室旁核神经元较大,VAS能细胞居中,OXY能细胞围绕于外周;背内侧帽成自中、小细胞,乏垂体后叶素能神经元;室旁核后亚核居末端,成自疏松排列的棘形大细胞,多为OXY能;小细胞部中OXY能和VAS能神经元较少。室旁核有着广泛的纤维投射,除形成室旁垂体束投射至神经垂体外,还投射至正中隆起外侧带、脊髓、脑干等。副核包括前连合核、前后弯窿周核、环核和内侧束前脑核等。 相似文献
11.
Zicong HUANG Feilong CHEN Minyu XIE Hanbin ZHANG Yuge ZHUANG Chuyu HUANG Xuemei LI Hong LIU Zhenguo CHEN 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(5):313
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia is a human infertility syndrome caused by defects in spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis, and sperm maturation, and its etiology remains unclear. Kelch-like 10 (KLHL10) is a component of ubiquitin ligase E3 10 (KLHL10) and plays an important role in male fertility. Deletion or mutation of the Klhl10 gene in Drosophila or mice results in defects in spermatogenesis or sperm maturation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which KLHL10 functions remain elusive. In this study, we identified a missense mutation (c.1528A→G, p.I510V) in exon 5 of KLHL10, which is associated with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia in humans. To investigate the effects of this mutation on KLHL10 function and spermatogenesis and/or spermiogenesis, we generated mutant mice duplicating the amino acid conversion using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat/caspase 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system and designated them Klhl10I510V mice. However, the Klhl10I510V mice did not exhibit any defects in testis development, spermatogenesis, or sperm motility at ten-weeks-of-age, suggesting that this mutation does not disrupt the KLHL10 function, and may not be the cause of male infertility in the affected individual with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. 相似文献
12.
Yoshiki SHIRAKATA Yuuki HIRADATE Hiroki INOUE Eimei SATO Kentaro TANEMURA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(5):383-387
The core histone is composed of four proteins (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Investigation of the modification patterns of histones
is critical to understanding their roles in biological processes. Although histone modification is observed in multiple cells
and tissues, little is known about its function in spermatogenesis. We focused on the modification patterns of histone H4
during murine spermatogenesis. We demonstrated that the individual N-terminal sites of H4 show different modification
patterns during the differentiation of male germ cells. The methylation pattern varied depending on the residues that were
mono-, di-, or tri-methylated. All the H4 modifications were high during the meiotic prophase, suggesting that histone H4
modification plays an important role during this stage of spermatogenesis. Elongating spermatids showed increased acetylation
of histone H4, which may be associated with a histone-to-protamine substitution. Our results provide further insight into the
specific relationship between histone H4 modification and gene expression during spermatogenesis, which could help to
elucidate the epigenetic disorders underlying male infertility. 相似文献
13.
14.
Akiyama K Akimaru S Asano Y Khalaj M Kiyosu C Masoudi AA Takahashi S Katayama K Tsuji T Noguchi J Kunieda T 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(2):122-128
Repro34 is an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutation in mice showing male-specific infertility caused by defective spermatogenesis. In the present study, we investigated pathogenesis and molecular lesions in relation to spermatogenesis in the repro34/repro34 homozygous mouse. Histological examination of the testis showed that the seminiferous epithelium of the repro34/repro34 mouse contained spermatogonia and spermatocytes but no round and elongating spermatids. Instead of these haploid cells, multinucleated giant cells occupied the niche of the seminiferous tubules. Immunohistochemical staining for Hsc70t, an elongating spermatid specific protein, confirmed the absence of elongating spermatids. Furthermore, RT-PCR showed that there were significantly reduced expressions of the marker genes specifically expressed in the spermatid and that there was no difference in the expressions of the spermatocyte specific marker genes. These findings indicated interruption of the spermatogenesis during transition from the spermatocyte to spermatid in the repro34/repro34 mouse. The repro34 locus has been mapped on a 7.0-Mb region of mouse chromosome 5 containing the Syntaxin 2/Epimorphin (Stx2/Epim) gene, and targeted disruption of this gene has been reported to cause defective spermatogenesis. We therefore sequenced the entire coding region of the Stx2/Epim gene and found a nucleotide substitution that results in a nonsense mutation of this gene. The expression pattern of the Stx2/Epim gene during the first wave of spermatogenesis, increased expression at later stages of spermatogenesis, was in agreement with the affected phase of spermatogenesis in the adult repro34/repro34 testis. We therefore concluded that the male infertility of the repro34/repro34 mouse is caused by the interruption of spermatogenesis during transition from the spermatocyte to spermatid and that the nonsense mutation of the Stx2/Epim gene is responsible for the interruption of spermatogenesis. 相似文献
15.
Noguchi J Ozawa M Nakai M Somfai T Kikuchi K Kaneko H Kunieda T 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(3):203-207
A gene for FK506 binding protein 6 (Fkbp6) expresses during a specific stage of male and female meiosis. Disruption of the gene influences male reproduction, i.e. arrests spermatogenesis, but not female reproduction. Using the mouse model (targeted disruption), the role of the gene in homologous chromosome pairing has been demonstrated in a previous study. For further understanding the function of Fkbp6 in chromosome synapsis, we evaluated chromosome pairings during male meiosis in the as/as rat, a spontaneous null mutation, and compared them with those of the mouse model. Electron microscopy of the pachytene nuclei unveiled several types of abnormal chromosome pairing in the rat model, as shown in the mouse previously. The frequencies of aberrant pairings in the knockout mice and mutant rats were 42 of 67 nuclei (62.7%) and 20 out of 74 nuclei (27.0%), respectively. In order to clarify the mechanism of male specific infertility in Fkbp6 deficiency, the localization of gammaH2AX, a marker protein of XY chromosome inactivation during male meiosis, was examined. Immunostaining of gammaH2AX unveiled normal localization of the molecule to XY chromosomes (XY body) in both models, showing the independency of FKBP6 in sex chromosome inactivation. Besides the XY body, focal localization of gammaH2AX was observed in accordance with the unsynapsed chromosomes in both types of null animal. These results indicate the fundamental role of Fkbp6 in homologous chromosome synapsis during male meiosis. In conclusion, male specific infertility under Fkbp6 deficiency remains unsolved. 相似文献
16.
Four dogs with a history of infertility were found on examination to be azoospermic. Three of the dogs were related (a sire and two male offspring) and investigation revealed that some of their male ancestors had been of reduced fertility. There were degenerative changes in 20–40 per cent of the seminiferous tubules, a proportion of which were associated with a focal peritubular orchitis. There was a complete absence of spermatozoa in the rete testis, the vasa efferentia and the epididymis. The possibility that the condition is of an autoimmune nature is discussed. The unrelated dog had a non-inflammatory degeneration of tubules with complete absence of spermatogenesis. 相似文献
17.
Camelid semen is characterized by a highly viscous, low-volume ejaculate with a low concentration of spermatozoa that exhibit low progressive motility. The viscous seminal plasma is currently the major impediment to the development of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in camelids. To advance ARTs such as sperm cryopreservation and artificial insemination in camelids, it is necessary to identify the cause of the viscosity and gain an understanding of the role of seminal plasma components on sperm function and fertility. Numerous compounds and proteins have been identified as mediators of sperm function and predictors of fertility in other livestock species, and understanding the importance of specific proteins has progressed the success of ARTs in these species. Current knowledge on the components of camelid seminal plasma is outlined, together with the implications of these components for the development of ARTs in camelids. The cause of semen viscosity, as well as proteins that are present in camelid seminal plasma, is described for the first time. Seminal plasma components are compared with those of other species to hypothesize their role in sperm function and fertility. 相似文献
18.
为了进一步探索GDNF mRNA的表达与精液品质、精液量甚至精子发生之间的关系,以及GDNF在睾丸发育和精子发生中的作用提供一些新线索,并且可能为治疗男性不育提供新的思路,研究采用半定量RT-PCR法研究了胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(Glial cell line-derived neurotrophicfactor,GDNF)在不同发育阶段的公猪睾丸中的表达。结果表明:仔猪出生后2周,睾丸中即存在GD-NF mRNA的表达;随着年龄的增加,GDNF mRNA水平持续升高,其中第6月龄达到高峰。说明GD-NF mRNA在公猪睾丸的支持细胞中表达,随着年龄的增长,GDNF表达量增加,可能以旁分泌的形式调节精子发生;GDNF可能参与了仔猪睾丸的发育和精子发生的调控,但其具体的作用机制还有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
19.
Yoko Sato Ryota Kuriwaki Shiki Hagino Megumi Shimazaki Rentsenkhand Sambuu Maki Hirata Fuminori Tanihara Mitsuhiro Takagi Masayasu Taniguchi Takeshige Otoi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(2):209-216
In Mongolia, yak (Bos grunniens) are able to live in alpine areas and their products greatly influence the lives of the local people. Increased vigour in hybridized yak and cattle can offer benefits for livestock farmers. However, male hybrids show reproductive defects resulting from spermatogenesis arrest, affecting the conservation and maintenance of dominant traits in the next generation. The underlying mechanisms involved in hybrid cattle–yak infertility have recently been investigated; however, the genetic cause is still unclear. Androgens and androgen receptor (AR) signalling are required for spermatogenesis. We, therefore, evaluated the expression of AR, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) and 5α-reductase 2 (SRD5A2) in Leydig cells to investigate their function in cattle–yak spermatogenesis. Testicular tissues from yaks (1–3 years old) and hybrids (F1–F3, 2 years old) were collected and subjected to immunohistochemistry and image analyses to investigate the expression of each parameter in the Leydig cells. After maturation at 2 years, the expression levels of AR increased and the levels of 3βHSD decreased, but the SRD5A2 levels remained constant in yak. However, the cattle–yak hybrid F2 showed immature testicular development and significantly different expression levels of AR and 3βHSD compared with mature yak. These results suggest that the decreased expression of AR and increased expression of 3βHSD in the Leydig cells of cattle–yak hybrid testes may represent one of the causes of infertility. Our study might help in solving the problem of infertility in crossbreeding. 相似文献
20.
Ahmed Ali Derar Refaat Derar Tariq I. Almundarij 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(10):1267-1273
The purpose of this paper was to analyse the aetiology and methods of diagnosing reproductive disorders in male dromedary camels. Male camel infertility manifests as one of three conditions: post-coital infertility (IG), inability to copulate (IC) and lack of sexual desire (LSD). IG is mainly a testicular disorder that is linked to a deteriorated seminogram, arrested spermatogenesis, Sertoli cell-only syndrome and testicular degeneration. For IG diagnosis, semen analysis, testicular biopsy and fine-needle aspiration are gold standards. Testicular ultrasonography was generally inefficient. High serum FSH was found in IG camels with oligo- and azoospermia, implying primary spermatogenesis defects. The testis-expressed protein (TEX101) and the epididymis-expressed protein (ECM1) are reliable biomarkers for distinguishing between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. IC manifests in two forms: phimosis (PHI) and erectile dysfunction (ED). PHI is frequently linked to preputial and penile pathologies, as well as leucocytosis, neutrophilia and elevated nitric oxide metabolites. The majority of camels with ED have normal genital organs, and the condition is associated with an increase in cardiac troponin I. LSD is a rare disorder brought on by hormonal imbalances, high temperatures, stress and debilitating diseases. In conclusion, IG diagnosis necessitates semen analysis, testicular biopsy or fine-needle aspiration, and FSH testing, whereas IC diagnosis requires preputial and penile examinations. Diagnostic aids include serum and seminal biomarkers. 相似文献