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1.
不同供水条件下玉米耐旱生理特性比较 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
【研究目的】研究了玉米耐旱生理特性,为玉米耐旱品种选育提供依据。【方法】试验以玉米品种正大619、农大108为材料,分别在间隔4天、8天、12天、16天灌一次水的不同水分处理条件下,分析玉米叶片叶绿素、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性。【结果】结果表明:随着水分胁迫程度加大,玉米叶片脯氨酸的含量、MDA含量和POD活性呈现不同程度的增加,而叶绿素含量和SOD活性则随着水分胁迫程度加大而降低。且敏感型品种农大108的变化明显强于抗旱型的正大619。【结论】脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性可以作为玉米耐旱品种选育参考。 相似文献
2.
选用3个不同种质的玉米品种迪卡007、桂单22号和农大108为试材,通过盆栽试验研究苗期水分胁迫下玉米的一系列生理生化指标的变化,并探讨了这些指标与玉米耐旱性之间的关系。结果表明,水分胁迫下,株高、叶绿素和光合作用速率下降,相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、SOD和POD活性升高,生物产量、穗粒数、百粒重随着干旱胁迫程度的加重而降低。这些指标在3个品种间的表现差异显著,在确定品种耐旱方面可以作为参考。 相似文献
3.
高温胁迫对观赏凤梨叶片抗氧化系统和渗透调节物质积累的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
采用盆栽试验,研究了40℃高温胁迫处理对观赏凤梨叶片抗氧化系统及渗透调节物质积累的影响。结果表明,与25℃对照相比,高温胁迫8 h内,观赏凤梨叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著升高,脯氨酸（Pro）和热激蛋白（HSP）含量显著增加,同时叶片超氧阴离子（O2-?）产生速率、过氧化氢（H2O2）和丙二醛（MDA）含量、电解质外渗率、叶绿素含量与对照相比均无显著变化,植株生长也无明显伤害,表明SOD、POD、CAT活性的提高以及HSP、Pro含量的增加有利于缓解短期高温胁迫对观赏凤梨的氧化伤害。之后随胁迫时间的延长,叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性逐渐下降至对照以下,HSP和Pro含量降低,同时叶片O2-?产生速率加快,H2O2和MDA含量升高,电解质外渗率增加,可溶性蛋白含量降低,游离氨基酸含量增加,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量下降,气孔逐渐关闭,观赏凤梨植株幼叶、成熟叶受伤害症状逐渐加重。 相似文献
4.
氮、钾、甜菜碱对水分胁迫下夏玉米叶片膜脂过氧化和保护酶活性的影响 总被引：25，自引：1，他引：25
采用盆栽试验研究了水分胁迫和适量供水条件下,氮、钾和甜菜碱对2种不同基因型夏玉米陕单9号（抗旱品种）和陕单911（不抗旱品种）各生育期叶片膜脂过氧化和保护酶活性的影响,旨在揭示这些因子通过提高上述酶活性而增强作物抗旱性的生理功能。结果表明,水分胁迫下夏玉米超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著降低,不抗旱品种更甚;而丙二醛(MDA)含量有不同程度升高,抗旱品种的MDA含量和变幅小于不抗旱品种。苗期2个品种对水分胁迫响应较弱,SOD、POD、CAT和MDA均较低;拔节和抽雄期响应强烈,酶活性增高。SOD和POD达到最大值的时间比CAT晚,MDA在全生育期中呈现“升—降—升”的变化规律。施用氮、钾肥和甜菜碱能不同程度地提高夏玉米SOD、POD和CAT活性,降低MDA含量,减缓水分胁迫下膜脂过氧化作用。不抗旱品种施用氮肥增强了水分胁迫条件下叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性,降低了MDA含量,氮肥用量的影响有显著差异;抗旱品种施用低氮效果显著,施用高氮则降低了生育前期酶活性,增加了MDA含量,但生育后期氮肥用量的影响间无显著区别。钾肥和甜菜碱对受水分胁迫的夏玉米表现出比氮肥更突出的效果。而对适量供水条件下的夏玉米,氮、钾肥的作用明显下降,甜菜碱的效果甚至消失。说明施用氮、钾肥和甜菜碱对改善水分胁迫下玉米叶片膜脂过氧化作用和提高保护酶活性有重要贡献。 相似文献
5.
为筛选玉米抗旱品种及探究抗旱机制。本研究以目前主推的6个玉米品种为试验材料,在拔节期进行水分中度胁迫试验,分析干旱胁迫下6个玉米品种的丙二醛含量、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性。发现6个玉米品种在干旱胁迫下表现出了不同的生理响应机制,6个玉米品种叶片的丙二醛含量、叶绿素含量均不同幅度的显著下降,脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性均不同程度的显著升高。干旱胁迫下,尤其‘郑单988’和‘郑单6386’的MDA含量升高幅度较低,叶绿素含量下降幅度较小,抗氧化酶活性升高幅度较大,可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量较高;相反‘郑单958’相对于‘郑单6386’和‘郑单988’,生理生化层面表现出较弱的抗旱性。结果表明拔节期‘郑单988’和‘郑单6386’的抗旱性较‘郑单958’强。本研究结果对揭示玉米耐旱机理有一定的重要意义,并可以为玉米耐旱种质筛选、改良和分子育种提供有效的指导和参考。 相似文献
6.
菲油果自然越冬条件下的生理指标变化的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探讨菲油果的抗寒特性,以引种的Coolidge和Mammoth 2个菲油果新品种成熟叶为试验材料,在自然越冬低温环境条件下,对不同低温条件下叶片电导率、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、丙二醛(MDA)等几个生理指标的变化情况进行研究。结果表明：在一定的温度范围内,不同品种的菲油果叶片的电导率均随着温度的降低而增大;可溶性糖含量和游离脯氨酸(Pro)随着温度的降低而增加。自然越冬过程中不同品种的菲油果的游离脯氨酸(Pro)呈有规律的变化;细胞内的保护酶(SOD、POD)都表现为随着温度的降低,其活性增强。方差分析结果显示,不同品种的菲油果相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、过氧化物酶(POD)差异达到显著水平,不同温度间电导率、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)差异达到极显著水平;不同品种间的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)差异不显著。 相似文献
7.
以马铃薯郑薯5号(耐寒品种)幼苗为试验材料,采用0.5 mmol/L水杨酸(SA)叶面喷施处理,通过低温胁迫(4℃14 h,2℃10 h)后,测定马铃薯叶片丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(Pro)和叶绿素总含量,过氧化物歧化酶酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,研究外源SA对马铃薯叶片渗透调节能力和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:低温胁迫下喷施SA后的马铃薯叶片MDA、SS、SP、Pro和叶绿素总含量显著提高,POD和SOD活性显著提高。因此叶面喷施外源SA能通过调控马铃薯的渗透调节和抗氧化能力来减轻细胞膜的损伤,抵制低温伤害,提高其耐寒性。 相似文献
8.
为研究不同玉米品种离体叶片抗脱水能力差异及其与生理生化特性之间的关系,本试验以3个玉米杂交种为材料,测定离体叶片脱水速率,在不同时间点测定叶片相对电导率(REC)、相对含水量(RWC)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性7个生理生... 相似文献
9.
肌醇对玉米幼苗低温胁迫伤害的缓解效应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探索外源肌醇对玉米幼苗低温胁迫的缓解效应及其可能的机理,以苏玉24玉米为供试材料,测定了常温和低温下肌醇对玉米幼苗生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫下的幼苗丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧根阴离子(O2.-)产生速率和游离浦氨酸含量显著升高,叶绿素含量显著降低;外源施加0.8g/L肌醇后低温胁迫幼苗的MDA,H2O2含量和O2.-产生速率显著降低,SOD,CAT,POD活性、叶绿素和游离脯氨酸含量显著升高。外源施加肌醇能减轻活性氧积累,增强杭氧化系统活性,从而保护膜结构和功能,最终缓解低温胁迫的影响。 相似文献
10.
高温胁迫对蝴蝶兰幼苗形态和生理特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
在40℃/30℃(d/n)高温条件下分别进行0d、2d、4d、6d 的处理,观察了蝴蝶兰幼苗的形态变化,研究了蝴蝶兰兰幼苗叶片某些生理生化指标的变化。结果表明,随胁迫时间的延长,超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)产生速率加快,丙二醛（MDA）含量增加,细胞膜脂过氧化作用明显加强;可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量逐渐增加;高温胁迫2d,可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性迅速上升,但相对电导率的增加并不大,叶绿素含量的下降也较小,与对照处理的相比差异不显著,说明蝴蝶兰幼苗可通过增加可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量以及SOD、POD、CAT活性来提高其耐热性。之后可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量以及SOD、POD、CAT活性显著下降,相对电导率急剧上升。 相似文献
11.
12.
与大白菜抗霜霉病基因连锁的分子标记研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【研究目的】 研究与大白菜抗霜霉病基因紧密连锁的DNA分子标记。【方法】利用高抗自交系‘660’和高感自交系‘654B’及其杂交F2群体162个单株为材料,采用构建抗、感病池,利用BSA法筛选了87对SSR引物,35对拟南芥抗霜霉病相关基因的特异引物,其中特异引物RPP13P2和RPP131-2R在抗感病亲本和抗感病池中扩增出一条多态性片段RPP13MK,利用这对引物对F2代单株构建的分享群体进行扩增,验证标记RPP13MK与目的基因的连锁关系,Mapmaker 3.0软件计算遗传距离。【结果】通过F2单株验证后证明RPP13MK与抗霜霉病基因紧密连锁,其遗传距离为5.6 cM。【结论】获得了一个与大白菜抗霜霉病基因紧密连锁的分子标记RPP13MK。 相似文献
13.
Inheritance of quantitative resistance to downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
F. Vear F. Serre I. Jouan-Dufournel P. F. Bert S. Roche P. Walser D. Tourvieille de Labrouhe P. Vincourt 《Euphytica》2008,164(2):561-570
Quantitative resistance to sunflower downy mildew was studied on inbred lines and hybrids not carrying efficient major gene
resistance, in field trials in one to four sites over 3 years. Hybrids from factorial crosses showed that inheritance is under
additive control and comparison with reactions of parental inbred lines gave narrow sense heritabilities of 27–57%. Analysis
of a polymorphic recombinant inbred line population without efficient major gene resistance indicated that two highly significant
Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) explained 42% of variation in field reaction to downy mildew. These QTL were mapped on linkage
groups 8 and 10, and do not appear related to any of the known major resistance gene clusters. Possible bases of this type
of resistance and its use in breeding are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Downy mildews cause considerable damage to maize (Zea mays L.) worldwide, particularly in the tropical Asia. We have evaluated a set of 42 tropical/sub-tropical maize inbred lines
developed in different countries in Asia (India, Thailand and Philippines), and Mexico, for analysing the genetic variability
for resistance to sorghum downy mildew [Peronosclerospora sorghi; SDM] and Rajasthan downy mildew [P. heteropogoni; RDM]. Experiments were carried out in replicated trials under artificial infection in field conditions against SDM and RDM
at Mandya in Karnataka, India, and Udaipur in Rajasthan, India, respectively, during 1999 and 2000. The study resulted in
identification of five inbred lines offering consistent and strong resistance to both SDM and RDM, while several inbred lines
revealed resistance only to RDM. It was also revealed that the SDM-resistant inbreds are invariably resistant to RDM, while
the RDM-resistant inbreds might show differential responses to the SDM. The maize inbred lines identified in this study with
broad-spectrum resistance to downy mildews could be potentially useful for basic and applied research work on downy mildews
in tropical Asia.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
One hundred and eighty six F1 plants from a ‘Regent’ × ‘RedGlobe’ cross were used to generate a partial linkage map with 139 microsatellite markers spanning all 19 chromosomes. Phenotypic scores for downy mildew, taken over two years, confirmed a major resistance QTL (Rpv3) against downy mildew in the interval VVIN16-cjvh to UDV108 on chromosome 18 of ‘Regent’. This locus explained up to 62 % of the phenotypic variance observed. Additionally a putative minor downy mildew resistance locus was observed on chromosome 1 in one season. A major resistance locus against powdery mildew (Ren3) was also identified on chromosome 15 of ‘Regent’ in the interval UDV116 to VChr15CenGen06. This study established the efficacy of and validated the ‘Regent’-derived downy and powdery mildew major resistance genes/QTL under South African conditions. Closely linked SSR markers for marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding strategies were identified. 相似文献
16.
Downy mildew, caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & Curt.) Rostov, is one of the most economically important foliar diseases in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Cucumber line CS-PMR1, derived from self-pollination of USDA Plant Introduction 197088, has a high level of resistance to downy mildew and is considered to be promising breeding material. In this study, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for downy mildew resistance using 111 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between CS-PMR1 and the old Japanese cultivar Santou, which exhibits moderate resistance. The resistance of the RILs and their parents was evaluated by diverse methods using different plant organs (cotyledons, true leaves), stages (seedlings and adult plants), and evaluation criteria (lesion expansion and extent of sporulation). The high resistance of CS-PMR1 was associated with many QTLs with relatively small effects, whereas the moderate resistance of Santou was associated with one major QTL and possibly two others with relatively small effects. In all assays, the major QTL at which the Santou allele was associated with increased resistance had the largest effect. This QTL allele from Santou and several of the most effective QTL alleles identified in CS-PMR1 should be highest priority for selection to efficiently breed new cultivars that carry adequate levels of downy mildew resistance. 相似文献
17.
Summary Since June 1973 Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk & Curt) Rost., which causes downy mildew in cucumber, occurs in the Netherlands. The resistance against this disease appears to be based on one recessive gene in linkage with the dominant gene D for dull green fruit skin colour. It is demonstrated that this recessive gene is also linked with one of the genes for resistance to powdery mildew present in the variety Ashley.The powdery mildew resistant lines tested are also resistant against downy mildew, the linkage with the gene D having been broken.Stationed at Breeding Station Pannevis B.V., De Lier, the Netherlands. 相似文献
18.
Downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora
cubensis) is the most devastating disease in muskmelon (Cucumis
melo). A generation mean analysis study was designed to determine the types of gene action and estimate the heritability for resistance
to downy mildew in four selected crosses of muskmelon. Generation mean analysis revealed that genetic dominance may be of
greater importance for expression of resistance to downy mildew in both greenhouse and field experiments and in all the crosses.
The F1 mean was significantly lesser than the mid-parent value and skewed towards resistant parent in all the crosses. Negative
sign associated with gene effects indicated, in those crosses, that disease level could be decreased in relation to midparent.
All the crosses expressed significant and positive additive (d) gene effects. Dominance (h) and dominance × dominance (l)
gene effects had opposite sign in all crosses and both experiments, which implied duplicate type of gene action. High mid-parent
heterosis in all the crosses indicated strong dominance effects (as combination of parental alleles) for resistance to downy
mildew. In all the crosses, both resistant and susceptible parent contributed one or more dominant/partially dominant factors
for resistance. Estimates of broad-sense heritability were high and relatively consistent in both experiments. The two different
screening experiments showed that fixable gene effects (d + i) were lower than the non-fixable gene effects (h + l) in all
the crosses indicating greater role of non-additive effects in the inheritance of resistance to downy mildew. Resistance to
downy appeared to be controlled mainly by dominance effects, therefore the inbred lines IIHR 121 and IIHR 122 could be used
strategically to exploit heterotic effects. 相似文献
19.
Maria Luz George Ellen Regalado Marilyn Warburton Surinder Vasal David Hoisington 《Euphytica》2004,135(2):145-155
A major emphasis in maize breeding in Asian countries has been the improvement for resistance to downy mildew, a serious disease
that causes significant yield losses. A total of 102 inbred lines, including lines from Asian breeding programs, Mexico, USA
and Germany, were analyzed with 76 SSR markers to measure diversity and investigate the effect of selection for downy mildew
resistance. A mean polymorphism information content of 0.59, with a range of 0.14 to 0.83, was observed. Diversity at the
gene level showed an average of 5.4 alleles per locus and a range of two to 16 alleles per locus, with a total of 409 alleles.
About half of the alleles in the Asian lines had frequencies of 0.10 or less, and only 2% had frequencies > 0.80, indicating
the presence of many alleles, and thus a high level of diversity. Some of the high-frequency alleles were in chromosomal regions
associated with disease resistance. However, the frequencies of alleles in three SSR loci that are linked to a QTL for resistance
to downy mildews in Asia were not significantly different in the subtropical/tropical Asian lines as compared to all the lines
in the study. Lines from the US, Germany, and China, comprised three clusters of temperate maize(GS = 0.31), while those from
India, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and CIMMYT comprised seven indistinct clusters of subtropical and subtropical
maize (GS = 0.29). We conclude that maize breeding activity in Asia has not caused a decline in the overall amount of diversity
in the region.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Summary Melon germplasm was screened for cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis) resistance under artificial conditions except downy mildew for which screening was done under natural epiphytotic conditions. High level resistance to all the four diseases was not recorded in any of the collections tested. Nevertheless, ertheless, resistance to three diseases was located in three germplasm. Wild Cucumis species C. figarei exhibited absolute resistance to CGMMV and Fusarium wilt and high level resistance to downy mildew. Phoot or snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. momordica) — a non-dessert from of Indian origin—was highly resistant to downy mildew and resistant to CGMMV and medium resistant to Fusarium wilt. Iroquois was resistant to powdery mildew and medium resistant to downy mildew and CGMMV. 相似文献