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本文对用ＩＣＰ分析法分析土壤、植物及水中大量、微量和超微量元素进行了探索。结果表明，双聚束质量分析装置对土样中近７０个元素、水样中５０多个元素具有高分辨率；同时还阐述了增加植物样元素测定种类的几个新方法。 相似文献
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[目的]研究淮南典型矿区不同年龄沉陷塘水体5种微量元素Mn, Ni, V,As和Cr浓度变化特征及来源,旨在为采煤沉陷区微量元素风险管控、沉陷塘水环境污染治理提供科学参考和依据。[方法]测定水样的微量元素Mn, Ni, V,As和Cr的含量,运用Pearson相关性和主成分析法识别微量元素的来源,同时采用美国环境保护局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险模型对其进行健康风险评价。[结果](1)沉陷塘水体微量元素As和Cr的含量符合中国地表水Ⅱ类水质标准,元素Mn, Ni和V的含量在中国地表水环境质量标准限值之内。(2)不同塌陷年龄沉陷水体微量元素总体变化趋势表现为：青年矿>老年矿>中年矿,随塌陷年龄增加,研究区沉陷水体微量元素含量整体上呈下降趋势。(3)不同年龄塌陷水体通过饮水途径摄入的非致癌健康风险不会对人体健康产生影响。不同年龄塌陷水体致癌元素(As, Cr, Ni)成人和儿童年均致癌健康风险值在可接受范围内,其中青年矿元素As的致癌风险值相对较大,接近USEPA限值。[结论]受采煤活动影响,煤矿开采初期,沉陷水体微量元素浓度较大,应做好敏感微量元素治理和安全风险管控;随塌陷年... 相似文献
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中微量元素的缺乏是限制贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄品质的重要因素。通过大田试验研究了在常规施肥的基础上配施Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo、Mg、Ca等元素对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄赤珠霞(Cabernet Sauvignon)生长及品质的影响。结果表明:配施B元素显著提高葡萄百粒重,降低可滴定酸的含量;Fe和Mn元素显著降低葡萄百粒重、果粒粒径及可溶性固形物的含量;Cu和Zn元素显著降低可溶性糖的含量,Zn元素显著提高单宁和总花色苷的含量,配施Ca和Mg可提高葡萄产量、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比。单独配施一种微量元素的效益是有限的,将8种微量元素混合施肥可较常规施肥的百粒重提高32.5 g,总产量提高43.8%,同时显著提高还原糖和可溶性糖含量,降低可滴定酸含量,并具有较高的单宁、总花色苷和总酚含量。因此,该地区多种微量元素综合配施在提高葡萄产量和品质方面显著优于配施单种微量元素肥料。 相似文献
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贵州开阳地区新元古代灯影组白云岩风化成土剖面微量元素地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
硒是人体必需的微量元素,土壤中的硒含量受基岩的控制,研究土壤中硒的分布情况,对合理开发利用土地资源具有重要意义。通过对开阳地区红粘土剖面的结构、颜色、微量元素、稀土元素分布特征研究,提出红粘土层可划分为两层:底部为暗紫褐色粘土,含有很高的Se元素及其它微量元素和稀土元素;顶部为紫红色粘土-灰黄色粘土,Se元素以及其它微量元素、稀土元素含量较低。基岩是红粘土剖面中硒元素的物质来源,其是土壤中硒含量的主要控制因素,另外,Fe含量、pH值、有机质也是微量元素包括硒元素、稀土元素富集的重要的控制因素,硒元素在铁质层和红粘土底部超常富集,这两层中硒含量分别是中国土壤硒平均含量的14.35倍和34.78倍。 相似文献
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钼、硼、锰和锌对人工种植乌拉尔甘草品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
在大田条件下,采用叶面喷施的方法,研究了Mo、B、Mn和Zn 4种微量元素不同浓度（0,0.5g/L,1g/L和1.5g/L）对人工种植乌拉尔甘草几种主要次生代谢成分积累的影响。结果表明,乌拉尔甘草根中甘草酸含量、甘草苷含量与Mn、Zn和Mo供应水平密切相关。其中Mn、Zn元素的低、中、高浓度处理和Mo元素的中、高浓度处理可以显著提高乌拉尔甘草根中的甘草酸含量;Mo和Zn元素的低、中、高浓度处理及Mn元素的高浓度处理则可以显著提高乌拉尔甘草根中的甘草苷含量;Mn元素的中、高浓度处理及Zn元素的中浓度处理可以显著提高乌拉尔甘草根中的甘草多糖含量。4种微量元素的低、中、高浓度叶面喷施均可以显著提高乌拉尔甘草根中的总黄酮含量。由此认为,以上4种微量元素对改善人工种植乌拉尔甘草的品质具有一定的作用。 相似文献
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通过对不同植被覆盖、不同剖面层次贝壳沙样品的采集与分析,研究了黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛贝壳沙中微量元素Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn的含量及形态特征.结果表明:贝壳沙中全Fe含量明显高于全国土壤中Fe的含量均值,而Mn,Cu,Zn 3种元素却远低于全国土壤中的含量.无论是表层样品还是剖面样品.微量元素含量均具有较大变异,且表层以下剖面样品4种元素含量高于表层样品含量.受植物生长的影响,有机枯落物较多的表层贝壳沙样品,其元素含量相应高于没有植被覆盖的表层样品.不同剖面样点自上而下,微量元素含量变化规律并不一致,其全量与有效态含量的相关性大小也不一样.Mn,Cu两种元素全量和有效态含量之间达到极显著相关水平(P＜0.01),而Fe,Zn两种元素全量和有效态含量之间的相关性却不显著,这可能是受元素种类与环境条件的双重影响所致. 相似文献
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江西鄱阳湖平原区农田土壤微量元素空间分异特征及其影响因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
【目的】开展土壤微量元素空间分异及其影响因素的分析,能更客观地阐明土壤微量元素变化的内在机理,对田间土壤肥力的有效管控和保障人类健康、保护土壤生态环境具有重要意义。【方法】在江西省丰城市鄱阳湖平原农田区,采用网格布点法布设283个采样点,每个采样点取0-20 cm表层土壤,对样点数据用三倍标准差法剔除异常值20个,实际利用样点数为263个,分析了土壤样品pH、质地、氮、磷、钾和硼(B)、锰(Mn)、钼(Mo)、硒(Se)、碘(I)、氟(F) 6种微量元素的含量。采用地统计学理论、方差分析、相关分析以及回归分析方法,对鄱阳湖平原区农田土壤6种微量元素的含量、空间分布特征及其影响因素进行分析。【结果】B、Mo含量均值处于丰富与上限值之间;Mn含量均值为330.24 mg/kg,处于缺乏水平;Se、I含量均值处于适量水平;F含量均值为474.59 mg/kg,处于边缘水平;6种微量元素含量均为中等程度变异,但各元素含量变异程度有所差异。B、Mn、Mo元素的最优插值模型为指数模型,Se、I、F均为球状模型。I元素的块金效应<25%,其他5种微量元素处于27.09%~41.77%。6种微量元素含量的空间分布格局差异较为明显,除Se元素不缺乏外,其余5种微量元素均处在缺乏水平。B、Mn、F含量均受到土壤类型、耕层质地的显著影响,Mn、Mo含量与坡度、pH间均达到极显著相关水平,Mn、Se、I含量与全磷含量显著相关,坡向与到河流的距离与6种微量元素含量未达到显著相关关系,其他影响因素仅对某些种元素表现出显著或极显著相关关系。在B、I含量的主要影响因素中,以耕层质地的影响最大;在Mn、Mo元素含量的主要影响因素中,以pH的贡献率最高;Se元素含量与土壤类型、全磷、坡度、高程之间达到显著或极显著相关水平,以全磷的影响程度最高;F元素含量与土壤类型、耕层质地、全氮含量相关显著,且全氮为主要影响因素。【结论】1)研究区域土壤B、Mo的含量总体较高,I、Se含量适量偏上,Mn总体上较为缺乏,F处于边缘水平;6种元素含量均为中等程度变异。2)土壤微量元素B、Mn、Mo的最优插值模型为指数模型,Se、I、F则为球状模型;除I具有强烈的空间自相关外,其余5种元素表现为中等程度的空间自相关。3)微量元素含量影响因素中,坡向、到河流的距离与各元素含量间未达到显著相关关系;B、I含量均受耕层质地的影响最大,Mn、Mo含量主要受pH的影响,Se含量主要受全磷的影响,F元素含量则主要受全氮的影响。 相似文献
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Galip Yuce Didem Ugurluoglu Alime T. Dilaver Turgay Eser Mesut Sayin Mert Donmez Sakir Ozcelik Funda Aydin 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,202(1-4):69-89
The high radioactivity and trace elements in drinking water are common concerns for human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the eligibility of groundwater for drinking purpose in terms of both radioactivity and trace element contents in Eskisehir Region (Turkey). The study area is located in a highly populated residential area where water supply is mostly met from groundwater. The area is about 20,000 km2, where igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks are exposed. The 209 water samples collected from 84 water resources (including thermal waters) were analyzed with respect to major ions, trace elements, and radioactivity (gross alpha and gross beta) during both in wet and dry seasons. Based on the analysis results, trace elements in 49 samples of 84 water resources were over the limits of Code TS 266 1997 (Turkish Drinking Water Standards) and WHO 1993 standards. Particularly, Fe, Mn, Al, As, Ba, Zn, Cr, Cu, and B ion concentrations exceeded the limits. The gross alpha values in 18 locations and gross beta values in three locations also exceeded the limits of aforementioned standards in terms of radioactivity (gross alpha?=?0.1 Bq L?1; gross beta?=?1 Bq L?1). Furthermore, water radioactivity levels were close to the allowable limits in 33 water resources. The obtained results explicitly indicate that there is a strong relationship between the higher radioactivity–trace element contents and geochemical composition of rocks, which controls the radioactivity and trace element concentrations present in the aquifer. 相似文献
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Dry deposition of fly ash emitted by a coal-fired power plant has been calculated using a surface depletion Gaussian plume model. The subject plant is located in the southwestern United States. Soil samples collected downwind of this power plant have been chemically analyzed for selected trace elements (As, B, F, Hg, Se, Sr, U, and V) to determine concentration vs. distance trends. Gaussian plume deposition calculations predict very little increase of trace element concentrations in soils, except for those elements highly concentrated in fly ash emissions compared to soils. Trace element soil concentrations as a function of downwind distance generally confirm these predictions, with the possible exception of Se. 相似文献
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About 20 trace elements were analysed in samples from 60 boreholes located in the Upper East and West Regions of Ghana. Findings from the analysis indicated that most trace element concentrations were higher as compared to their concentrations found in natural water systems. The available chemical data of rocks in the area suggest that local bedrock is the dominant source of the trace elements found in goundwater. Aluminium, Fe, Mn, Zn, Sr, and Ba were excessively high in concentration. In comparison with WHO guidelines, all except Al, Fe, Fe and Mn values were below the recommended limits. 相似文献
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Kalafatoğlu Ersan Örs Nuran Sain Özdemir Sibel Munlafalioğlu Ismet 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,129(1-4):91-100
The cement industry has been one of the major sources of air pollution in the past and the Turkish Air Quality Protection Regulation has issued limits also to trace elementemissions to minimise the polluting effects of this industrialsector. In the present study, dust samples were obtained isokinetically from 18 main stacks of 10 cement plants locatedin different geographical areas of Turkey. The samples were analysed for trace elements Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Se, Te, TI, V, Sb, Ba, Zn, Co, Sr, Cu, Bi, Mo, Be, and As. The results are presented both as concentration in the dust samples as well as emissions per unit production, and concentration inthe stack gas. The trace element emissions of the main stacksagree to great extent with the values given in the literature. On the other hand, the trace element emissions of the plants considered are well below the limits set in the Turkish Air Quality Protection Regulation. 相似文献
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Vladimir Ivezić Bal Ram Singh Åsgeir Rossebø Almås Zdenko Lončarić 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(8):747-759
Abstract Water extraction of trace elements can simulate the concentration of elements in the soil solution from where the plant takes up the elements. The objective of this investigation was to determine the water extractable concentration of seven trace elements (Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Mo, Pb and Cd) and to assess their relationship with soil properties of the Danube basin in Croatia. Soil samples from the surface layer (0–25 cm) of 74 sites, having different land uses (forest and agricultural land), were collected. Samples were analysed for total and water extractable trace elements as well as for pH, DOC, SOC and CEC. The concentrations of water extractable fraction of trace elements were on average: 20.14 mg kg?1 for Fe, 3.61 mg kg?1 for Mn, 0.07 mg kg?1 for Ni, 0.016 mg kg?1 for Co, 0.01 mg kg?1 for Mo, 0.01 mg kg?1 for Pb and 0.0009 mg kg?1 for Cd. Soil properties were in the following range: pH 4.3–8 (Avg: 6.35), DOC 6.1–73 mg l?1 (Avg: 26 mg l?1), CEC 1.3–24 cmol kg?1 (Avg: 9 cmol kg?1) and SOC 0.5–5% (Avg: 1.7%). The concentration of water extractable fraction of trace elements was significantly correlated with pH (p <0.001), DOC (p <0.001 – p <0.05) and CEC (p <0.001) but their relationship with total content of trace element and SOC was rather weak, suggesting that total metal alone cannot be an indicator of toxicity or deficiency. Results show that pH, DOC and CEC are important soil quality parameters taking part in the solubility control of trace metals in the soil rather than their total concentration. The difference between land uses has been observed as well, suggesting that a change in land use can cause a change in trace element solubility. 相似文献
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A multielement analytical technique of thermal neutron activation of frozen water samples has been developed and applied to the studies of natural waters. A rapid group chemical separation utilizing ion exchange resins and a precipitation step to reduce 24Na and 42K interferences, followed by γ-ray analysis of the fractions with Ge (Li) and multiparameter NaI (TI) systems, permits the simultaneous measurement of a large number of trace constituents. Samples of river water, rain water, processed sewage water and Greenland ice were analyzed for 19 trace elements — Ag, As, Br, Cl, Co, Cs, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Se, Se, U, and Zn. These data have been used in studies of trace element concentration factors in aquatic biota, precipitation scavenging processes, and environmental pollution. 相似文献
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对深圳地区９种母质和６种土类构成的１６个母质─土类单元共８３个土壤样品中１２种微量元素的含量进行侧定。在此基础上分析了微量元素含量分布的成因。研究结果表明，成土母质是影响土壤微量元素含量和分布的首要因素，相同母质上的不同类型土壤中的微量元素含量大多无明显差异。土壤中微量元素的共生组合关系表现出明显的母质继承性特征，由于微量元素主要以同晶替代方式分散在硅酸盐矿物中，其分布与离子半径关系密切。第四周期过渡元家具有相似的分布格局，而Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ等另成一类。 相似文献
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中国科学院高能物理研究所活化分析组 《土壤学报》1979,16(2):165-171
土壤中的微量元素是指土壤中含量很低的化学元素,或其中具有生物学意义的元素。土壤中微量元素的研究,除了土壤学和生物学的意义外,对于地学、环境科学、医学等也有重要意义。因此,在有关上述学科的各项科研丁作中,常常需要正确测量土壤中各种微量元素的含量。 相似文献
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The concentration of some trace metals, like Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Cr and Ni, was measured in the potable water of Cuttack City,India during winter, summer and rain events in the course of a two year period. Apart from Fe, all other trace metals fell well within the maximum permissible limit set by WHO for drinking water. On the basis of spatial/temporal variations, weathering of rocks and anthropogenic input were found to be main sources of trace elements in the ground water. The considerable temporal changes indicate that a majority of trace metals is entering the aquifer during rain fall.Factor analysis of the trace element data suggest that Fe, Mn and Cr are interrelated with each other and derived significantly from the aquifer, whereas input of Pb and Co may be due to atmospheric deposition in the study area. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-20):2553-2563
Abstract Composition of water, soil, and reed samples were examined to understand how plants behave in a contaminated environment compared to natural habitats and to show the influence of constructed wetlands on water quality. In soil samples, the same or higher concentration differences were detected as in water samples. The higher concentrations of P, K, Mn, Zn, and Cu in the constructed environment were detected in every plant part. It seemed that the element concentrations of root and leaves are the most appropriate bio‐indicators of the elements and their availability in the environment. Vegetated beds operated better in element removal than nonvegetated beds, and the purification efficiencies calculated by mass and water flows were higher by 15–50% in every parameter. This calculation method provides more typical and reliable results on the real operation of the system than those values calculated by applying concentration values. 相似文献