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多药耐药结核菌和广泛耐药结核菌的出现,使得结核病成为全球第二大传染病。而生物膜的形成在几个人类病原体发病机制作用是公认的。然而,在结核分支杆菌感染情况下生物膜的作用和生物膜形成的遗传因素仍然存在很大程度上的未知。论文通过查阅大量外文文献阐述了细胞壁在结核分支杆菌中的耐药机制,并且发现生物膜中Rv0024为新的NlpC/p60蛋白质家族的一员,通过结核分支杆菌Rv0024异位表达,编码一个假定的肽酶,并且随着抗结核药物异烟肼和吡嗪酰胺耐药性的出现,生物膜形成的Rv0024也显著增加。Rv0024可能在初次感染过程中发挥了关键作用,参与宿主细胞的耐药性产生。因此,Rv0024可作为治疗肺结核的一个潜在的药物靶标进行深入研究。 相似文献
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结核分支杆菌核酸适配体研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结核分支杆菌（MTB）是引起多种宿主感染结核病的重要病原菌,由于结核分支杆菌耐药菌株的产生,导致结核病在世界范围内呈高发趋势。由于 MTB 检出率较低,开发一种简单快速的诊断方法迫在眉睫。指数富集配体系统进化技术（SELEX）的原理是从随机寡核苷酸文库中筛选到能特异性结合靶物质的寡核苷酸配体（称为适配体）。论文对近几年国内外通过 SELEX 技术对结核分支杆菌筛选出的适配体做一综述,适配体的靶物质分别为分泌蛋白 MPT64,CFP10-ESAT6蛋白,多磷酸激酶2（PPK2）以及结核分支杆菌（H37Rv 株）整个菌体。体外筛选的结核分支杆菌适配体,能对结核病做出早期诊断,并能作为 MTB疫苗的免疫佐剂,在临床诊断及药物研究等方面有很大应用前景。 相似文献
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流行病学调查表明,野生动物结核病发病率逐年升高,其中非人灵长类野生动物对结核分支杆菌、牛分支杆菌和禽分支杆菌均具有易感性,猴子易感性尤高.为对一例疑似猴结核病群发性病例进行确诊,并进一步明确其感染分支杆菌类型,本文应用病理组织学技术和PCR方法对该病例进行诊断.病理组织学观察结果表明,发病恒河猴患有结核病；PCR试验显示,该结核病病原为牛分支杆菌.本试验结果表明,圈养幼龄恒河猴自然感染牛分支杆菌后,可以出现典型的临床症状和病理组织学变化,甚至死亡.该结果将进一步为猴结核病流行病学及病理学研究提供参考依据. 相似文献
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牛结核病诊断方法的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
牛结核病是由牛分支杆菌、结核分支杆菌、禽分支杆菌等引起的一类慢性消耗性疾病,是牛各种传染病中致死率最高的疾病之一,该病在人畜之间可以相互传染,很难根治,是影响养牛业和全人类健康的重大疾病,因此控制本病的传播和蔓延迫在眉睫。控制牛结核病的主要措施是及时检疫和根除病牛,定期对牛群进行检疫监控。近年来,随着生命科学的发展,进一步将传统细菌检测法、免疫学检测法和分子生物学检测法3种方法相结合,特别是分子水平上科学技术的发展,使牛结核病的诊断方法逐渐得到完善,同时获得了许多牛分支杆菌的特异性抗原及其基因,对于阐明结核分支杆菌和牛分支杆菌的分子进化和遗传变异规律等方面都具有重要的流行病学意义。 相似文献
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牛结核病主要由禽分支杆菌、结核分支杆菌以及牛分支杆菌所引起的一系列慢性消耗性的疾病。牛结核病已经成为牛各种传染病中致死率最高的一种疾病,牛结核病在人和牲畜之间能够相互传染,很难实现根治,因此成为影响全人类健康以及养牛业最为重大的疾病。所以,目前对牛结核病的蔓延以及传播进行控制十分迫切,对牛结核病进行检疫和控制的主要措施就是要对病牛进行及时检疫和根除,定期或者不定期对牛群实施检疫监控。近些年来,我国生命科学得到了快速发展,分子生物学检测法、免疫学检测法以及传统细菌检测法这三种方法相互结合,对牛疫病进行检疫和防治,能够使牛结核病诊断的方法逐渐得到完善。本文就牛结核病的检疫和控制进行了探析。 相似文献
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猪结膜炎由支气管败血波氏杆菌和鹦鹉热衣原体混合感染引起;多杀性巴氏杆菌通常会引起猪呼吸道疾病;猪的大多数结核病由禽结核分支杆菌/胞内分支杆菌复合体引发。本文介绍了以上三类杆菌性猪病的病原、病因、症状及诊断,并提出了可行性的防控方案。由于结核病是人兽共患病;因此,尤其要加强对猪结核病的预防和控制。 相似文献
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近年来耐药结核分枝杆菌的不断出现给结核病的治疗带来前所未有的压力。研究发现,不但牛型分枝杆菌可感染人,人型结核分枝杆菌也可感染牛,这也给养牛业的发展带来了威胁与挑战。如何建立快速、简便、敏感性强、特异性好、价格低廉的耐药性检测方法是控制该病蔓延的关键。作者阐述了常用药物异烟肼、利福平、链霉素、乙胺丁醇、吡嗪酰胺等的作用机制及传统分枝杆菌耐药性检测方法（荧光素酶系统、显微镜观察药敏检测技术（MODS）、比例法、Bactec MGIT 960系统）和以分子生物学为基础的分枝杆菌耐药性检测方法（单链探针反向杂交试验（LiPA）、Gene Xpert全自动检测系统、PCR-单链构象多态性分析（PCR-SSCP）、PCR-限制性片段长度多态性分析（PCR-RFLP）、DNA测序、基因芯片技术）的研究进展,以期为进一步的研究与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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In recent years, the constantly emerging of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis brings unprecedented pressures to treat tuberculosis. In recent studies, it has found that not only bovine-type Mycobacterium tuberculosis can infect people, but human-type Mycobacterium tuberculosis can also infect cattle, which is also brings threats and challenges to the development of the cattle industry. And how to establish quick, handy, sensitive, highly specific and inexpensive resistance testing methods is the key to control the spread of the disease.In this review, it introduced not only the mechanism of action of isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and so on, but also the traditional detection methods of drug resistance of mycobacteria (luciferase system, microscopic observation of drug susceptibility, proportion method, Bactec MGIT 960 System)and molecular detection methods (reverse hybriditation-based line probe assay (LiPA), Gene Xpert automatic detection system, PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis(PCR-SSCP),PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP), DNA sequencing, gene chip, RNA/RNA mismatch assay, which may be helpful to the further and clinical treatment and research for tuberculosis. 相似文献
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抑制鹿源多药耐药结核菌中药的筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了筛选对鹿源多药耐药结核菌有效的中药耐药抑制剂,通过MABA法检测24种中药的水和乙醇提取物对多药耐药结核菌及标准菌H37Rv的体外抗菌效果,将筛选出的抗菌效果好的黄连醇提物和黄连水提物采用紫外分光光度法进行活性成分含量测定,同时以MABA法与标准品比较体外抗结核菌活性。结果显示,黄连、独活和侧柏叶有明显的抗结核活性,其中黄连水粗提物和乙醇粗提物效果最佳,测得它们活性成分即总生物碱含量分别为22.74%和35.23%,并显示二者与小檗碱的体外抗结核作用相同。 相似文献
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Rhodes SG Gunn-Mooore D Boschiroli ML Schiller I Esfandiari J Greenwald R Lyashchenko KP 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,144(1-2):129-134
This study describes the comparison of the cell-based interferon-gamma (IFNγ) test with serological rapid antibody tests (STAT-PAK and DPP VetTB) for the ante mortem testing of tuberculosis in domestic cats. The antibody specificities of rapid antibody test-positive cats were further discerned using multi-antigen print immunoassay. A total of 62 cats with culture-confirmed Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium microti, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium malmoense, as well as negative controls and dangerous-contact cats were tested. Tests were also applied longitudinally to one further cat undergoing TB chemotherapy for suspected M. bovis infection. Our data from this small study show excellent test specificity (100% for all tests) and encouraging levels of test sensitivity for M. bovis and TB Complex infections (IFNγ 70-100% depending upon test interpretation criteria; rapid tests both 90% for M. bovis infection and up to 46.2% for M. microti infection). The differential diagnosis of very pathogenic TB Complex (M. bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis), as opposed to less-pathogenic TB Complex (M. microti) was possible where positive responses to the protein cocktail ESAT6/CFP10 were observed (80% of M. bovis-infected cats in this study showed positive IFNγ responses to ESAT6/CFP10, while 20% had antibody responses to ESAT6/CFP10 using MAPIA). Finally, preliminary data from a longitudinal study of one M. bovis-exposed cat with a positive IFNγ test pre-treatment suggest that a decrease in bacterial burden may be reflected in the IFNγ response, and thus the IFNγ test may provide a monitor for TB chemotherapy. 相似文献
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Parsons SD Warren RM Ottenhoff TH Gey van Pittius NC van Helden PD 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(3):414-419
Dogs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis can develop clinical tuberculosis (TB) but there are currently no validated immunological assays for diagnosing this infection in this species. Using a post mortem survey we investigated the prevalence of non-clinical M. tuberculosis infection and clinical TB disease in a high-risk population of dogs and developed and utilised a novel interferon-gamma release assay to determine the risk of transmission of M. tuberculosis from TB patients to contact dogs. The prevalence of clinical TB in dogs from a high-risk setting was 1% (95% CI: 0-5%) while the prevalence of immunological sensitization to M. tuberculosis antigens in dogs living in contact with sputum smear-positive TB patients was 50%. The IGRA proved a useful test of M. tuberculosis infection in dogs and the high levels of transmission of this pathogen from humans to companion dogs should be considered when assessing the zoonotic risks associated with such animals. 相似文献
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Since the emergence of deer farming as an alternative farming enterprise over the past 30 years, there has been an increasing awareness of the potential threat posed by tuberculosis (TB) to domesticated deer. TB, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, has been found in deer in every country involved with deer farming. Different types of TB control policies, which vary from whole-herd depopulation to selective testing and slaughter of reactor animals, have been implemented. Extensive research has been carried out, incorporating modern microbiological and immunological concepts and advanced molecular methodologies, to find new solutions for the eradication of TB from domesticated deer. This work has resulted in valuable new insights into the aetiology, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and heritability of resistance to M. bovis infection in ruminants. This knowledge has complemented the existing literature database on bovine and human TB and will provide new strategies for improved diagnosis, vaccination and selective breeding to control TB, which should be relevant for human, domestic livestock and wildlife populations. 相似文献
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人类结核已经存在数千年之久,无一个国家能幸免于难,尤其是第三国家。人们在感染结核病的同时也能感染艾滋病,这给人类的健康带来了巨大的挑战。现阶段,预防结核病的唯一方法就是接种BCG-减毒牛型结核分枝杆菌活疫苗。该疫苗是在1908年,由Leon Calmette和Camile Guerin将一株牛型结核分枝杆菌强毒株经历13年230次传代培养,使其毒力发生变异,成为对人无致病性,而保持了良好的免疫原性的菌株。本文主要是探讨结核分枝杆菌,牛型结核分枝杆菌和卡介苗之间的基因的差异。为卡介苗的改良和结核病的检测提供有益借鉴。 相似文献