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1.
1980-2005年大兴安岭森林火灾灌木、草本和地被物烟气释放量的估算 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
应用排放因子法,对大兴安岭林区1980—2005年间森林火灾中不同林型下灌木、草本和地被物层气体释放量进行估算。结果表明:大兴安岭25年间森林火灾灌木、草本和地被物层CO2,CO,CxHy,NO,SO2的释放量分别为25.04×106,5.72×106,0.21×106,0.09×106和0.24×106t。其中白桦-落叶松林、白桦-杜鹃林和蒙古栎-胡枝子林是气体释放量较多的林型,约占总排放量的70%以上。此外大兴安岭林区森林火灾SO2和NO的释放量可达到我国总生物质燃烧释放量的50%左右,其释放量与农业上备受关注的秸秆燃烧相当。 相似文献
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内蒙古大兴安岭兴安落叶松林碳储量研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据内蒙古大兴安岭林区2008年第六次森林资源清查数据,利用各森林类型生物量-蓄积量的线性模型计算乔木层碳储量,利用生物量扩展法计算林下植物固碳量,林地固碳量。结果表明:内蒙古大兴安岭乔木层总固碳量为348.89TgC,乔木层碳密度为43.43t/hm2,林下植物固碳量为68.03TgC,林地固碳量为434.02TgC。大兴安岭落叶松、白桦碳储量占林区总碳储量的86.10%。不同龄组碳密度高低排序是:过熟林>成熟林>近熟林>中龄林>幼龄林。幼龄林、中龄林碳储量占总碳储量的39.66%。林木固定CO21 279.26 Tg,释放O2930.37Tg,林木固碳价值为4 186.68亿元,释放O2的价值为9 303.7亿元。 相似文献
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1987年大兴安岭林火碳释放及火后NPP恢复 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
以大兴安岭地区1985年一类森林资源连续清查资料和1987年林火资料为数据基础,结合GIS技术,进行大兴安岭1987年林火碳释放及火后净初级生产力(NPP,net primary productivity)恢复的研究.通过对1987年火烧迹地林火发生前各树种的生物量的估算,得出在1987年林火中大兴安岭林区森林释放的碳量约为1.97×10~6～2.47×10~6 t;同时分别比较火烧中各树种的碳释放量和不同火烧等级下的碳释放量.结果表明:落叶松在1987年林火中释放碳量约0.96×10~6～1.19×10~6 t,占碳释放总量的49%左右;重度火灾中碳释放量占总碳释放量的99.4%.火后乔木层的NPP恢复在21年间成逐渐增加的趋势,并且恢复趋势表明在火后23～24年的时候中度火灾后的乔木层NPP可达到未过火林地的水平. 相似文献
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大兴安岭呼中森林大火碳释放估算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
森林火灾不仅破坏森林生态系统,还向大气中释放了大量含碳温室气体,影响碳循环。对林火碳释放进行有效地估算,可以更加深入了解林火对碳循环的作用。利用卫星遥感影像,分析了2010年6月大兴安岭呼中森林大火后植被指数变化,对火烧程度进行了分级,结合野外火烧迹地调查和可燃物含碳率,估算出不同火烧等级、不同植被类型林火过火面积、火烧消耗可燃物量和释放碳量。结果表明:此次大兴安岭呼中森林大火总过火面积为5 812.4hm2,消耗可燃物总量76 742.51t,释放碳34 534.13t,其中落叶松林和针阔混交林释放碳量分别为14 934.16和19 599.97t。 相似文献
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吉林省1969-2004年森林火灾释放碳量的估算 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据吉林省196912004年的森林火灾统计数据,计算出吉林省森林年平均森林火灾损失乔木地上生物量27 285.31 ～36 380.41 t,占全国的0.45%～0.61%.年均释放碳22 004.38～29 339.17 t,约占全国年均森林火灾排放碳的1.05%.用排放比法得出吉林省年平均森林火灾释放的CO2,CO,CH4量分别为72 614.45～96 819.27,5 283.01～7 044.02和1 784.40～2 379.20 t. 相似文献
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《林业工程学报》2015,(5)
在黑龙江省大兴安岭林区森林火灾时空格局研究的基础上,通过野外调查采样和室内试验相结合,应用排放因子法,估算大兴安岭林区7种主要林型乔木、灌木、草本及地被可燃物层1980—2005年间有毒气体的释放量。结果表明:大兴安岭25年间主要乔木、灌木、草本及地被可燃物层NO的释放量为0.14~0.17 Tg,平均每年释放0.005~0.007 Tg,占黑龙江省生物质燃烧NOx年均释放量的15.0%~18.3%;SO2的释放量为0.25~0.27 Tg,平均每年释放0.010~0.011 Tg,占黑龙江省生物质燃烧SO2年均释放量的58.8%~64.7%,是黑龙江省农业秸秆燃烧SO2年均释放量的1.25~1.38倍。由此可见,黑龙江省生物质燃烧导致SO2污染森林火灾贡献率最大。 相似文献
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提高大兴安岭榛子质量和产量的具体措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
榛子是中国主要坚果树种,平榛(Corylusheterophylla)是榛属植物中的主要品种,它的分布最广、资源蕴藏量最大、产量最高,品质优于其它种。在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西和陕西等省份都有分布,但尤属东北大兴安岭的榛子资源最为丰富。在大兴安岭林区榛子是某些林型中灌木的优势种,构成有:榛子白桦林、榛子兴安落叶松白桦林、榛子黑桦林、榛子蒙古栎白桦林、 相似文献
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小兴安岭采伐迹地天然更新白桦混交林建群种碳汇特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以小兴安岭采伐迹地自然更新白桦混交林为研究对象,通过生物量模型、碳含量模型估算出建群种碳汇量,并对林分建群种碳汇特征进行了分析。结果表明,小兴安岭森林皆伐林地自然更新演替后形成的白桦林主要建群种中数量最多的是白桦,其碳汇贡献率也最高;落叶松的个体平均总生物量和树干生物量最大,但在整个林分中的总生物量水平较低,而单株生物量最小的白桦林分整体生物量最大;树干生物量与总体生物量比例最高的是白桦和落叶松;林分单位面积含碳量的排序为白桦、毛赤杨、落叶松;落叶松总体碳汇贡献率最低,但个体碳汇量及树干占比都很高,可以在保证整体结构近自然化的情况下,通过造林的方式提高落叶松的比例来增加林分的碳汇。 相似文献
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A. Lehtijärvi H. T. Doğmuş‐Lehtijärvi A. G. Aday Kaya S. Ünal S. Woodward 《Forest Pathology》2017,47(6)
Although several Armillaria species have been reported in Turkey, there is little information about their ecology in Turkish forests. In this study, we investigated five forest stands, approximately 5–74 ha in size, in Kastamonu province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey for the presence of Armillaria species in stumps and logs. The stands were mixed Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmülleriana and Pinus sylvestris forests managed using a selective cuttings system; the proportion of fir in the total number of stems and stumps ranged from 36 to 98%. Based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and intergenic spacer regions of the rDNA, all rhizomorphs sampled from the stumps and logs were of Armillaria ostoyae. The size of the genets was estimated with random amplified microsatellites analysis of the isolates and ranged from single stumps to approximately 450 m2. One to seven genets were found in each stand. These results indicate that the genets had arisen from spores and vegetative spread was limited on most sites. 相似文献
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通过对上海松江中央公园内65株特大银杏树白蚁为害情况的调查,发现该公园银杏受害率为100%,其中存在活白蚁的银杏占总量的56.9%,采用毒土处理、粉剂疗法、建立白蚁监测点等措施,经过两次灭杀,活白蚁的灭杀率达到92.3%和93.3%,从而使存在活白蚁银杏树的比例从56.9%下降到2.7%,白蚁发生情况明显降低。
相似文献
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建平半干旱地区石质山地造林技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同植物在石质山地的造林成活率、土壤化学性质随造林年限的变化和造林措施对土壤化学性质和植物胸径、树高年净生长量的影响。结果表明：不同植物在石质山地的成活率在21%～85%之间,其中白榆和沙打旺的成活率分别为81%和85%,而小叶杨、刺槐、栾树的成活率均在70%左右;植被能明显提高石质山地不同土层的有机质、全N、P2O5含量,但提高程度随土层深度、养分种类和造林年限的不同而不同;在同一土层,生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高土壤有机质含量（p〈0.01）并显著降低土壤P2O5含量（p〈0.01）;只有保水剂可引起土壤全K含量的明显升高;生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高白榆、小叶杨、刺槐、栾树树高和胸径的年净生长量,但保水剂的提高程度最高。 相似文献
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植物经常暴露在各种生物和非生物的胁迫之下,这些胁迫会影响植物的生长发育和繁殖并最终导致植物死亡。为了抵御不利的环境条件,植物已经进化出复杂而精细的网络来感知胁迫并激活防御系统。为此,植物激活许多信号转导通路,这些信号转导通路可以改变一些胁迫响应基因的表达,从而引起植物形态、生理和生化的改变以适应逆境。DNA胞嘧啶甲基化是高等真核生物的主要表观遗传机制之一,在维持基因组稳定性和调节基因表达方面起着关键作用。表观遗传变异比遗传变异更为灵活。一旦环境条件发生变化,为了适应新的环境植物都会发生表观遗传的改变。许多研究表明DNA甲基化参与植物的发育和应激反应。基于相关研究对DNA甲基化进行了综述,对植物逆境胁迫有重要意义。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):530-542
Abstract The success of natural regeneration on patch clear-cuts in Norway spruce stands in Southern Finland was examined in terms of stocking and tree height. The experiment was established in mature spruce stands in the submesic Myrtillus (MT) site type. In each of the eight study sites, three plots were treated with clear-cutting and planting, clear-cutting with partial tree retention and planting, and patch clear-cutting without site preparation, respectively. In three of the study sites, one plot with patch clear-cutting and site preparation was established. Each plot was 1 ha, out of which three patches of 40×40 m were clear-cut in the patch treatments. 10–11 years after cutting, the patches had on average 1316 crop trees ha–1, of which 91% were spruces. Some 27% of the stands were up to the target stocking level (≥1600 ha?1), and 36% were at least satisfactory (≥1300 ha?1). Site preparation did not yield greater stocking levels on patches, but that result is ambiguous due to a difference in initial stocking. The average spruce tree height in the patches (0.76 m) was much smaller than in the case of clear-cutting and planting (2.42 m). In conclusion, the patches had been restocked tolerably well with spruce and birch for practical purposes during the 10- to 11-year period, but the regeneration process had been very slow compared to clear-cutting and planting. 相似文献
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The study focused on the success of regeneration on patch cuts in spruce-dominated stands in terms of stocking and tree height. It was based on an experiment in the Kainuu region in northern Finland. The experimental design included 8 stands with 58 clearcut patches of variable size (0.09–0.37?ha), on which either natural regeneration without site preparation or site preparation and planting of Scots pine was applied. A regeneration survey was conducted 13–15 growing seasons after treatments. Patches without site preparation had been restocked quite well from natural seed sources. The average number of trees was about 11,000?ha?1, of which 1700?ha?1 crop trees. With site preparation and planting, the stocking levels were also very high, 25,000 and 2100?ha?1, respectively. One hundred percent of the planted patches and 75% of the naturally regenerated patches had an acceptable density. Restocking was equally good across the range of patch sizes. Tree growth had been somewhat slower in the smallest patches than in the largest ones in the range. Natural regeneration was capable of yielding good regeneration results in most patches, especially when site preparation was applied. Stocking levels and height development were higher yet in the planted patches. 相似文献
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Keisuke Kojiro Yuzo Furuta Makoto Ohkoshi Yutaka Ishimaru Misao Yokoyama Junji Sugiyama Shuichi Kawai Takumi Mitsutani Hiromasa Ozaki Minoru Sakamoto Mineo Imamura 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(6):515-519
To investigate the changes in microstructures of wood with elapsed time in the environment, CO2 adsorption onto dry wood was measured at ice-water temperature (273 K) for samples aged from 0.1 years to over 1000 years.
The micropore size distribution was obtained using the Horvath-Kawazoe method. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood decreased
in number with elapsed time in the environment, and a negative correlation was found between cumulative pore volume for pores
smaller than 0.6 nm and elapsed time in the environment. Cumulative pore volume in the 1000-year sample was almost half of
that in the 0.1- year sample. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood with a few decades or more of elapsed time increased
in number after rewetting and drying. Consequently, microstructures of wood with longer time elapsed in the environment were
considered to be more stable, because of longer-term thermal motion and possibly more repeated moisture adsorption and desorption
and/or temperature variation in the environment. 相似文献