共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 765 毫秒
1.
Applicability of molecular markers in the context of protection of new varieties of cucumber 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
G. P. Bernet S. Bramardi D. Calvache E. A. Carbonell M. J. Asins 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(2):146-152
The growing number of candidate varieties presented every year at each national Plant Variety Protection Office and their decreasing genetic variability forces strategies to be adopted that will reduce costs without losing rigour when deciding about the acceptance or rejection of a candidate variety. Molecular markers have been envisaged as a reliable tool to establish differences, but can molecular markers be used for assessing distinctness? A comparison between a molecular and a morphological characterization of 41 seed samples belonging to 36 cucumber varieties and including several external controls has been carried out to investigate the applicability of molecular markers in the context of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) tests and the protection of new varieties. Both types of character indicate the same relationships among main groups, Dutch and Beth‐Alpha types, and Gerking and Slice types, the correlation between distance matrices being only 0.6489. Varieties considered uniform for morphological traits proved not to be so for molecular markers. Therefore, molecular characterization is not offering the same estimates of uniformity and relatedness between varieties as does morphological characterization. External controls were used to establish distinction limits with morphological and molecular dendrograms to focus on those varieties, which were suspiciously similar. The results with cucumber show that molecular identity could be used to assess any lack of distinctness and so corroborate the morphological assessment of candidate varieties. The morphological trait ‘type’ provides distinct characterization of varieties and the molecular characterization of candidate varieties could be used to design better field experiments to assess distinction within each group of morphological cucumber type. 相似文献
2.
M. F. Perera M. E. Arias D. Costilla A. C. Luque M. B. García C. Díaz Romero J. Racedo S. Ostengo M. P. Filippone M. I. Cuenya A. P. Castagnaro 《Euphytica》2012,185(3):491-510
Sugarcane is known for its highly complex genetics and more knowledge is needed for better use and conservation of genetic materials. In order to identify genotypes and to assess genetic diversity, diverse data sets such as morphological and molecular markers are used as a general approach. To evaluate the usefulness of different markers, important sugarcane genotypes in Argentina were characterized by AFLP, SSR and morphological traits. All genotypes characterized were grouped in one main cluster in dendrograms using two independent softwares. Interestingly, local genotypes grouped together with USA varieties and no clear genetic differentiation could be found probably due to intensive germplasm exchange between these breeding programs. The molecular markers tested were useful for genetic diversity assessment as well as for genotype identification. These markers should be included in the internationally established characters for sugarcane variety protection as they give a better view on whole genome complexity. Additionally, genetic similarities obtained from molecular markers will provide more accurate information to breeders than the pedigree method, especially when considering the asymmetric genetic inheritance of sugarcane. Morphological traits are valuable tools to identify genotypes since they reflect external resemblance more than genetic relatedness. When they were combined with molecular markers the dendogram obtained revealed genetic relationships and the genetic diversity was better estimated. In summary, both methods appear to be useful, complementing each other and should be used together to assist sugarcane breeders in estimating genetic diversity, electing parents for crossings, identifying superior lines and to protect intellectual property rights. 相似文献
3.
4.
Marianne Elias Doyle McKey Olivier Panaud Marie Charlotte Anstett Thierry Robert 《Euphytica》2001,120(1):143-157
In this paper we present original data on morphological and genetic diversity of cassava managed by the Makushi Amerindians
from Guyana. Although they propagate cassava exclusively vegetatively by means of stem cuttings, many Amerindian farmers also
use and multiply volunteer plants grown from seeds produced by sexual reproduction. Morphological characters were recorded
for 29 varieties cultivated by the Makushi and two populations of plants originating from volunteer cassava seedlings. Genetic
characterisation with AFLP markers was available for 21 of the examined varieties. The morphological and agronomic characters
were highly variable among varieties. Every variety could be differentiated from any other one, except for one pair of varieties.
However, high intra-varietal variability existed, which might lead to confusions between phenotypically similar varieties
by the Makushi. Seedlings were on average different from the pool of the varieties studied, but 67% were found to resemble
closely enough one of the varieties to be liable to be assigned to it. Confusion between very similar varieties, as well as
assignment of seedlings to a variety, should generate genetic variability within varieties, which was detected with AFLP markers.
As in other sites in Amazonia, there was only a weak correlation between inter-varietal distances assessed with molecular
and with morphological markers, suggesting that diversification of morphological characters has taken place repeatedly and
independently across the Amazonian range of the crop. Diversifying selection, exchanges of varieties between farmers, and
incorporation of sexually produced volunteer plants are key mechanisms responsible for the high diversity observed. Strategies
of conservation of genetic resources should take these dynamic processes into account.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Wook Jin Kim Dong Sub Kim Sang Hoon Kim Jin-Baek Kim Eun Jeong Goh Si-Yong Kang 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2010,13(4):243-249
Seventeen kenaf varieties collected from several regions around Asia and Europe were grown in Korea and their genetic diversity
was analyzed using morphological characters and AFLP technique. In the morphological analysis, the 17 varieties were divided
into two major groups according to stem diameter, plant height, and flowering periods. The late varieties, which could yield
more biomass compared with the early-medium varieties, were included in one of two major groups. Nonetheless, it is difficult
to identify individual varieties based on morphological characters because of their limited variation. For the AFLP analysis,
34 primer combinations generated a total of 3,193 polymorphic bands (out of 3,914) with a polymorphic rate of 82%. The clusters
were divided into two major groups with a similarity coefficient of 0.63 by UPGMA analysis method; but each group did not
show a common tendency. Additionally, the results of the AFLP analysis did not show similar tendency compared with morphological
data, a result that might be explained in terms of convergent evolution, i.e. the acquisition of morphologically similar traits
between distinctly unrelated varieties. 相似文献
6.
国内外烤烟品种农艺性状的遗传多样性及与SRAP标记的关联分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取258份国内外烤烟品种,在2个试验点调查13个农艺性状,利用16对引物组合获得的597个SRAP标记进行分子遗传多样性和群体结构分析,选取适宜的模型进行农艺性状与SRAP标记间关联分析。结果表明,参试品种表型和基因型变异丰富,国内品种的遗传多样性低于国外品种。总材料可分为7个亚群,分类结果与材料的地理来源和遗传背景显著相关,国外材料遗传结构相对复杂。通过比较发现MIM_Q+K和MIM_PCA+K为该群体最优的关联分析模型,共检测到18个SRAP标记与6个农艺性状显著关联(–Log P>2, P<0.01),其中me1/em9-16,me1/em9-36,me4/em9-1与株高、me1/em2-14,me7/em5-34与叶片数、me6/em2-6与脚叶宽、me2/em6-15与腰叶长在不同环境下均显著关联。 相似文献
7.
8.
基于形态学性状和SSR标记的花生品种遗传多样性分析和特异性鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以101份南方花生区试品种为材料,利用形态学性状和SSR标记进行品种遗传多样性分析和特异性鉴定。结果表明, 29个形态学性状中有7个无多样性,其余22个的多样性指数为0.23～0.77,平均为0.43。在相似系数为0.76处,将供试品种划分为七大类群,同一育种单位的品种倾向于聚在一起。用40个SSR标记共检测出167个等位基因,单个标记检测的等位基因数2～6个,平均为4.18个。标记的多态性信息量(PIC)差异较大,最大为0.79,最小为0.26,平均为0.55。在相似系数为0.70处,供试品种可被划分为六大类群,同一省份育成的品种多聚为一类。Mantel检验发现品种间的形态学性状和SSR标记的相似系数矩阵相关性弱(r=0.36),SSR标记无法取代形态学性状单独用于花生品种特异性鉴定,但两者相结合能有效提高花生品种特异性鉴定的准确性。 相似文献
9.
福建省花生农家品种农艺性状的遗传多样性分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了解福建省花生农家品种资源的遗传多样性,为农家品种亲本利用提供理论依据。以福建省不同地方的35份花生农家品种为材料,运用Excel软件对14个农艺性状进行数据分析,用SPSS软件进行农艺性状的相关性分析和聚类分析。结果表明：在考察的性状中,变异系数最大是地上果针数为73.3%,其次是单株饱果数为44.3%,出仁率的变异系数最小为5.3%。遗传多样性指数最高是单株饱果数为1.986,其次是主茎高为1.981,最低是百仁重为1.607。农艺性状相关性分析表明,结果枝数、单株结果数、单株饱果数、地下果针数与单株生产力呈极显著正相关,生育期与单株生产力呈极显著负相关。采用Ward法进行聚类结果,遗传距离阈值为12时,分为两大类群,第Ⅰ类群品种为珍珠豆型和多粒型,即疏枝亚种;第Ⅱ类群品种为普通型和龙生型,即密枝亚种。本研究表明福建省花生农家品种具有丰富的遗传多样性,其亲缘关系与栽培种花生亚种分类有关,为品种的综合利用奠定基础。 相似文献
10.
Jorge Luis Fuentes Fabio Escobar Alba Alvarez Geraldo Gallego Miriam Cristina Duque Mirle Ferrer Juan Enrrique Deus Joe M. Tohme 《Euphytica》1999,109(2):107-115
A survey of the genetic diversity among the major cuban rice cultivars was conducted using isozyme, RAPD and AFLP markers.
Polymorphisms were detected for esterases, peroxidases, alcohol dehydrogenases and polyphenoloxidases systems; 21 RAPD primers
and four AFLP primer combinations. Heterozygosity arithmetic mean value (Hav(p)), the effective multiplex ratio (EMR) and the marker index (MI), were calculated for isozyme, RAPD and AFLP markers. The
mean value of genetic similarity among the different varieties was 0.92 for isozyme, 0.73 for RAPD and 0.58 for AFLP analyses.
Thus, AFLP were able to detect polymorphisms with higher efficiency than RAPD (+15%) and isozyme (+34%). Data from the isozyme,
RAPD and AFLP analyses were used to compute matrices of genetic similarities. The efficiency of the UPGMA for the estimation
of genetic relatedness among varieties was supported by cophenetic correlation coefficients. The resulting values indicated
that the distortion level for the estimated similarities was minimal. The correlation coefficients obtained by the Mantel
matrix correspondence test, which was used to compare the cophenetic matrices for the different markers, showed that estimated
values of genetic relationship given for isozyme and RAPD markers (r = 0.89), as well as for AFLP and RAPD markers (r = 0.82)
were properly related. However, AFLP and isozyme data showed only moderate correlation (r = 0.63). Although the genetic variability
found among the different cultivars was low, both RAPD and AFLP markers proved to be efficient tools in assessing the genetic
diversity of rice genotypes.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Karim Sorkheh Behrouz Shiran T. M. Gradziel B. K. Epperson Pedro Martínez-Gómez E. Asadi 《Euphytica》2007,156(3):327-344
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis is a rapid and efficient method for producing DNA fingerprints and
molecular characterization. Our objectives were to: estimate genetic similarities (GS), marker indices, and polymorphic information
contents (PICs) for AFLP markers in almond cultivars; assess the genetic diversity of almond cultivars and wild species, using
GS estimated from AFLP fingerprints and molecular characterization; and facilitate the use of markers in inter-specific introgression
and cultivar improvement. The genetic diversity of 45 almond cultivars from Iran, Europe, and America, were studied assaying
19 primer combinations. In addition, several agronomic traits were evaluated, including flowering and maturity times, self-incompatibility,
and kernel and fruit properties. Out of the 813 polymerase chain reaction fragments that were scored, 781 (96.23%) were polymorphic.
GS ranged from 0.5 to 0.96, marker indices ranged from 51.37 to 78.79, and PICs ranged from 0.56 to 0.86. Results allowed
the unique molecular identification of all assayed genotypes. However, the correlation between genetic similarity clustering
as based on AFLP and clustering for agronomic traits was low. Cluster analysis based on AFLP data clearly differentiated the
genotypes and wild species according to their origin and pedigree, whereas, cluster analysis based on agronomic data differentiated
according the pomological characterization. Our results showed the great genetic diversity of the almond cultivars and their
interest for almond breeding. 相似文献
12.
为了加快籽用南瓜的品种改良和选育进程,为籽用南瓜育种提供更多优良亲本选择,基于形态学标记对38份籽用南瓜种质进行遗传多样性分析,得出籽用南瓜材料50个植物学性状间的相关性及供试材料间的亲缘关系。结果表明,38份籽用南瓜种质植物学性状的变异系数范围为8.52%~86.29%,遗传多样性丰富;利用DPS 11.5软件对供试籽用南瓜材料的植物学性状数据进行R型聚类分析,在欧氏距离为8.66时,可将50个形态学性状分为三大类;进行系统聚类分析得出,在欧氏距离为10.38时,可将38份籽用南瓜材料分成四大类,可完全将38份材料区分开来;主成分分析结果得出,38份籽用南瓜种质资源可分成五大类,与形态学系统聚类所得结果基本一致。综合所有遗传参数得出,瓜形指数、瓜面蜡粉、老瓜瓜面斑纹、瓜瘤多少、老瓜皮色5个性状是籽用南瓜遗传多样性的代表性状;种子千粒重、老瓜肉厚和老瓜内腔纵径可作为评价籽用南瓜品种的综合性指标。 相似文献
13.
Paula Menna Barreto Dias Bernadette Julier Jean-Paul Sampoux Philippe Barre Miguel Dall’Agnol 《Euphytica》2008,160(2):189-205
The NPGS-USDA core collection with 85 accessions of red clover, an important forage species, is little described. The goal
of the present study was to evaluate the diversity of a set of accessions from the core collection at the morphological and
molecular level in order to extract some valuable accessions for Brazilian red clover breeding programs. Twenty-one morphological
traits, collected in field and greenhouse in South Brazil, and seven SSR markers were used to describe 57 accessions from
the U.S. core collection and one population cultivated in Southern Brazil. Variation between accessions was large for most
of the 21 morphological traits. A cluster analysis based on the morphological traits revealed five distinct clusters that
separated the populations according to flowering earliness, as already described, but also according to persistency, growth
habit and dry matter productivity. Over seven SSR loci, the number of alleles averaged 11.1 alleles per locus. Genetic diversity
measured with SSR markers was high, with a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.86. An analysis of molecular variance revealed
that the largest proportion of variation (83.6%) resided at the within population level. Although the molecular markers also
separated accessions into five clusters, there was no coincidence between the composition of groups found with morphological
and molecular data. Use of genetic diversity in breeding programs requires to use the most promising populations, to combine
positive traits such as persistency and forage yield, and probably to use within population variation to detect valuable genotypes
that could be used as parents of synthetic varieties. 相似文献
14.
Vipin Kumar Shailendra Sharma Amit Kumar Sharma Shiveta Sharma K. Venkataramana Bhat 《Euphytica》2009,170(3):249-262
Morpho-agronomic traits and microsatellite markers were used to survey genetic diversity in 115 common bean genotypes that
included 70 Indian landraces, 24 released varieties and 21 exotic accessions. Twelve morpho-agronomic traits, namely, days
to 50% flowering, leaflet length, leaflet width, pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, days to maturity, seed length,
seed width, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant were studied. Field data of two consecutive
years were subjected to multivariate analysis as proposed by Mahalanobis’s D2-statistics, Tochers method of clustering and combined analysis of variance. Seventeen microsatellite markers were also used
to examine genetic diversity at molecular level that showed polymorphic information content (PIC) in the range of 0.00–0.684.
Dendrograms based on Euclidean distances and UPGMA analysis showed the presence of majority of released varieties into single
cluster, which pointed toward their low genetic base in comparison to indigenous landraces and exotic germplasm. Significant
correlation existed between morphological genetic distance and microsatellite genetic distance tested by Mantel test (r = 0.876). 相似文献
15.
16.
Genetic diversity in 49 plants of 16 accessions representing one wild and two cultivated taxa of Cynara cardunculus L. (wild cardoon, cultivated cardoon and globe artichoke) was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) analysis. Four pairs of primers identified a total of 264 scorable loci, 196 of which were polymorphic. The number of markers scored per primer combination ranged from 41 to 107, with an average of 66 markers per primer combination. All the primer combinations detected polymorphism. The data were used for cluster analysis and AMOVA. The clusters obtained are in agreement with the current botanical classification and the differences among the taxa were substantial. The eco‐geographical groups within wild cardoon are clearly separated in relative subclusters, and reflect the geography of the collection areas. The six clones of the four cultivated artichoke varieties were clearly separated into four subclusters, corresponding to the current classification which is based on morphological traits. The results obtained may have a direct and important bearing on plant genetic resource conservation and management and on breeding. 相似文献
17.
AFLP标记与棉花重要农艺性状的关联研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum L.）品种中棉所8号和海岛棉（Gossypium barbadense L.）品种Pima 90-53杂交产生的包含91个单株的BC1F2群体及其衍生BC1F2:3群体为材料,利用逐步多元回归分析确定分子标记与重要农艺性状的相关关系,为分子标记辅助选择提供依据。试验材料分别种植在保定市郊和沧州青县两个点,每个株行考察衣分、子指、铃重、皮棉重、子棉重5个产量性状和2.5%纤维跨距长度、马克隆值、纤维整齐度、纤维伸长率、纤维比强度5个品质性状。以20对AFLP引物组合产生的125个位点对10个重要农艺性状进行多元线性回归分析,发现其中4对引物组合产生的15个位点与10个性状有着显著相关性（P≤0.05,P≤0.01）,而后通过逐步多元回归分析获得6个位点,对9个农艺性状所解释的表型变异为6.2%～30%。结果表明,与9个农艺性状显著相关的6个AFLP位点可以用于未来的分子标记辅助育种计划。 相似文献
18.
Synthetic hexaploid wheats are of interest to wheat breeding programs, especially for introducing new genes that confer resistance
to biotic and abiotic stresses. A group of 54 synthetic hexaploid wheats derived from crosses between emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccum, source of the A and B genomes) and goat grass (Aegilops tauschii, D genome donor) were investigated for genetic diversity. Using the AFLP technique, dendrograms revealed clear grouping according
to geographical origin for the T. dicoccum parents but no clear groups for the Ae. tauschii parents. The geographical clustering of the T. dicoccum parents was also reflected in the dendrogram of their derived synthetic hexaploids. Diversity of the T. dicoccum parents and their derived synthetic hexaploids was further evaluated by measuring 18morphological and agronomic traits on
the plants. Clustering based on morphological and agronomic data also reflected geographical origin. However, comparison of
genetic distances obtained from AFLP and agronomic data showed no correlation between the two diversity measurements. Nevertheless,
similarities among major clusters with the two systems could be identified. Based on percentage of polymorphic markers, the
synthetic hexaploids had a considerably higher level of AFLP diversity (39%) than normally observed in cultivated hexaploid
wheat (12–21%). This suggests that synthetic hexaploid wheats can be used to introduce new genetic diversity into the bread
wheat gene pool.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Sports from two cut rose varieties, as well as a garden rose variety, were analysed with molecular markers. Between 695 and 752 random amplified polymorphic DNA and AFLP fragments were used to infer genetic differences between the sports, the original variety and seedlings of these varieties. Whereas no polymorphisms between the sports of the cut rose varieties and the original variety were observed, five polymorphisms could be detected between the garden rose variety and its sports. In contrast, a large number of polymorphisms occurred between all varieties and their seedlings. Therefore molecular markers can be used to verify the origin of vegetatively propagated rose plants of doubtful origin, thus enabling breeders in the future to claim plant breeders rights on sports of varieties already registered. 相似文献
20.
为了优化亚麻DUS测试技术,为亚麻新品种DUS测试提供更为科学的依据。以30份亚麻测试品种为试验材料,利用亚麻DUS测试指南中的19个性状对其进行多样性分析。结果表明：19个测试性状在30份亚麻测试品种中检测到62个等位变异,平均每个性状3.2632个,平均有效等位变异数目为2.3716 (1.2195~5.2941)个;Shannon's多样性指数平均为0.8720,变幅为0.2449~1.7160。UPGMA聚类分析显示,30份亚麻材料分为3个组群,组群Ⅰ和组群Ⅱ主要为油用品种,组群Ш主要是纤维用品种。植株的高度与工艺长度呈极显著正相关,植株的单株蒴果数与分枝数呈极显著正相关。植株的高度与单株蒴果数呈极显著负相关。因此建议删除植株的工艺长度和单株分枝数两个性状,植株的高度和单株分枝数可以有效区分品种。 相似文献