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1.
低温胁迫诱导斑马鱼ZF4细胞ROS及MAPK相关蛋白表达的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为了研究鱼类低温下分子调控机制及其与活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)之间的关系,本实验对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎成纤维ZF4细胞进行不同程度的低温胁迫(18℃和10℃),监测其在不同低温胁迫时间下(1 d、3 d和5 d)ROS的变化以及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)通路中蛋白的表达情况。结果显示:(1)DCFH-DA探针法表明在低温胁迫作用下,细胞内ROS含量增加。细胞内ROS上升水平与外界胁迫压力成正相关。低温处理3 d后,18℃和10℃的细胞,其ROS含量与对照组(28℃)相比分别显著升高到(1.23±0.04)倍(P0.05)和(2.31±0.08)倍(P0.05)。(2)Western Blot检测磷酸化的p38(p-p38)和磷酸化的JNK(p-JNK p54和p-JNK p46)的水平变化,结果显示低温胁迫可以使p38和JNK的活性增强,且均在10℃处理3 d达到最高水平。(3)进一步检测DNA断裂标记蛋白γH2A.X的表达水平,结果显示,无论在18℃还是10℃,其在第3天呈现高表达。本实验初步证实低温胁迫能够诱导斑马鱼细胞ROS的产生;通过对不同时间点的蛋白表达水平检测,发现p-JNK、p-p38和γH2A.X激活时间点与低温诱导ROS表达时间点相吻合。该研究为后期对斑马鱼细胞低温胁迫实验奠定基础,其中低温下处理3 d可以作为一个检测各个蛋白变化的关键时间点。 相似文献
2.
为了研究双特异性磷酸酶(dual-specificity phosphatase 1,dusp1)基因与鱼类低温诱导的细胞凋亡之间的关系,本研究经Eco RI和Age1酶切构建plko.1-dusp1-sh RNA1,plko.1-dusp1-shRNA2,plko.1-negative control(nc),plko.1-EGFP的重组质粒,并分别与慢病毒包装质粒pCMV-DR8.9.1、pCMV-VSVG共同转染至293T细胞中,经293T细胞包装的病毒,感染斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎成纤维样细胞(zebrafish embryos fibroblast like cell line,ZF4),RT-PCR检测表明dusp1成功被敲降。经嘌呤霉素筛选获得稳定表达细胞系,将细胞于28℃培养(正常对照组)或经10℃低温处理10 d,使用annexin V-FITC/Propidium lodide(PI)双色标记流式细胞术检测ZF4细胞凋亡情况。结果显示:低温胁迫下dusp1敲降的细胞凋亡(dusp1-shRNA1敲降,dusp1-kd1;dusp1-shRNA2敲降,dusp1-kd2)比例较nc组显著上调,其中早期凋亡和晚期凋亡细胞比例dusp1-kd1显著高于nc组,并且dusp1-kd1活细胞数显著低于nc组(P0.05),进一步证明dusp1参与鱼类冷应激过程,并在低温情况下保护细胞。该研究为后期对斑马鱼细胞低温胁迫实验奠定了基础,其中dusp1基因沉默型斑马鱼细胞在10℃低温处理10 d凋亡数显著大于对照组,证明dusp1在细胞凋亡信号通路中起到重要调控作用,为低温下研究斑马鱼基因的分子机制提供新的思路。 相似文献
3.
低温压力会导致鱼类生理功能失调、机体损伤甚至死亡,鱼类会产生各种适应性变化来应对低温压力,其中涉及的表观遗传学机制越来越受到重视。为了探讨鱼类低温应激压力下的表观遗传学调控机制,本研究对斑马鱼(Daniorerio)胚胎成纤维细胞ZF4进行短期低温胁迫(18℃处理3d、5d和10℃处理3d、5d)和长期低温胁迫(18℃处理30 d),然后用具有不同甲基化敏感性的同裂酶HpaⅡ和MspⅠ对细胞基因组DNA进行酶切以监测细胞基因组DNA甲基化水平变化。结果显示短期低温胁迫下ZF4细胞生长受到抑制甚至死亡,而经过长期低温胁迫的ZF4细胞对低温压力产生了一定适应性。并且低温胁迫下DNA甲基化水平呈现动态变化,短期低温培养细胞的基因组DNA甲基化水平明显增高,但是长期低温培养细胞的DNA甲基化水平反而下降。此外,研究发现抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)或者共济失调–毛细血管扩张突变蛋白(ataxia telangiectasia mutated,ATM)抑制剂KU-55933可以抑制18℃5 d低温处理后的ZF4细胞DNA甲基化水平的增高,说明活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的产生和ATM的激活介导了DNA甲基化水平的增高。本研究结果显示,短期低温刺激下ZF4细胞ROS的产生导致DNA损伤,激活DNA损伤修复机制,进而导致基因组DNA甲基化水平上升,该研究为后期斑马鱼低温胁迫分子机制的研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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为探讨铜驯化对低温胁迫下大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)氧化损伤和基因表达水平的影响, 本研究将体重为 (48.92±3.62) g 的大黄鱼暴露在铜浓度为 0 和 10 μg/L 的水体中 14 d, 再暴露在温度为 8 ℃的水体中 24 h。结果显示, 低温胁迫显著增加了活性氧(ROS)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量。尽管铜驯化对 ROS 和 LPO 含量不产生影响, 但铜驯化显著增加了低温胁迫下大黄鱼 ROS 和 LPO 含量, 表明铜驯化加剧了低温胁迫对大黄鱼的氧化损伤。从铜驯化相对对照组、低温胁迫相对对照组和铜驯化+低温胁迫相对低温胁迫中分别筛选到 2288 个、1425 个和 1382 个差异基因。GO 和 KEGG 分析发现差异基因主要富集在与脂肪酸代谢、糖类有氧代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关的通路中。聚类分析表明, 低温胁迫上调了不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关通路中的大部分基因表达, 而铜驯化则对低温胁迫下大黄鱼的这些基因表达调控产生了拮抗效应, 表明铜驯化通过抑制不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡来降低大黄鱼的低温胁迫耐受性。研究结果为深入研究铜污染物对大黄鱼低温胁迫耐受性的影响及其分子机制提供科学依据。 相似文献
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探讨低温胁迫下,干扰生长抑制特异性基因2(Gas2)对罗非鱼肾脏细胞系增殖和凋亡的影响。采用脂质体转染法介导Gas2短发夹RNA(short hairpin RNA, shRNA)及阴性对照短发夹RNA处理罗非鱼肾脏细胞,24 h后,以5℃/d降温速率对转染后的罗非鱼肾脏细胞进行低温胁迫,分别在25、20、15、10℃进行细胞采集。随后,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测Gas2基因及P53基因mRNA表达变化,利用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,并开展WST-1细胞增殖实验检测细胞的增殖情况。结果表明,低温胁迫下,阴性对照组及Gas2干扰组中Gas2和P53基因mRNA的表达在15℃和10℃时均显著升高;Gas2干扰组中Gas2和P53基因mRNA的表达水平在所有温度下均显著低于阴性对照组;随着温度降低,阴性对照组及Gas2干扰组的细胞凋亡率均明显升高,但Gas2干扰组的细胞凋亡率明显低于阴性对照组;低温胁迫下,对照组及Gas2干扰组的细胞增殖率与25℃时相比均显著下降;当温度降至15℃时,Gas2干扰组的细胞增殖率显著高于对照组。罗非鱼肾脏细胞在受低温胁迫时,抑制Gas2基因能够降低P53基因mRNA的表达水平以及细胞的凋亡率,并增加细胞的增殖。 相似文献
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本研究以草鱼CIK细胞为研究对象,系统研究血红蛋白对CIK细胞的损伤机制。首先,本研究观察了血红蛋白和血红素刺激CIK细胞后细胞的生长情况,观察结果显示,血红蛋白和血红素明显抑制CIK细胞的正常生长。其次,检测了血红蛋白和血红素刺激对CIK细胞内铁代谢相关基因的表达情况,结果表明,血红蛋白和血红素的刺激不同程度的上调了铁代谢相关基因的表达。然后,本研究也检测了血红蛋白和血红素刺激CIK细胞后,细胞炎症和抗氧化酶相关基因的表达情况,研究表明,血红蛋白和血红素可以通过NF-κB途径激活下游炎症因子的表达,如促炎因子TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6,抑炎因子IL-10以及趋化因子IL-4和IL-8等,也同时激活了超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）、过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX）三种抗氧化酶基因的表达水平。为进一步检测血红蛋白对CIK细胞的毒性作用,本研究也检测了血红蛋白刺激CIK细胞后,细胞内铁离子和ROS的变化情况,结果显示血红蛋白的刺激显著增加了细胞内铁离子和ROS的含量。最后,我们也检测了血红蛋白和血红素刺激CIK细胞后,胞凋亡相关基因的表达情况,结果显示,血红蛋白和血红素都在不同程度上显著激活了CIK细胞凋亡相关基因的表达水平。总之,本研究结果表明,高氧化活性的血红蛋白可以激活细胞内铁代谢和炎症因子相关基因的表达,同时增加细胞内铁离子和ROS水平导致CIK细胞凋亡基因的高表达。 相似文献
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长散布核元件-1(Long spread nuclear element-1,LINE1)是跳跃基因。前期比较基因组研究发现,南极鱼经历漫长的低温适应进化后,与南极圈外的同亚目鱼类相比较,在基因水平上LINE1的扩增效率高达8~300倍,但LINE1的扩增与鱼类抵御寒冷之间的关系尚未明了。本实验对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎成纤维细胞ZF4进行了不同时间梯度的低温处理(18℃、5 d和18℃、30 d),同时对斑马鱼成鱼也进行了不同时间的低温处理(10℃,3 h、6 h、1 d、3 d、5 d)。采用RT-qPCR检测了LINE1的mRNA水平,并克隆了斑马鱼LINE1基因启动子区,利用Luciferase双荧光报告系统,在ZF4细胞中验证LINE15’UTR在低温压力下的生物活性。结果显示,短时间低温处理下,ZF4细胞中LINE1 mRNA水平有所降低,而在长时间低温处理中,LINE1的mRNA水平显著升高。在成鱼中,短时间低温处理下,LINE1 mRNA水平降低;长期低温处理下,LINE1 mRNA水平显著升高。在ZF4细胞中发现,LINE15’UTR具有生物活性。在低温处理(18℃,3 d)下,报告基因信号减弱,间接表明LINE1启动子活性减弱。研究结果表明,低温压力会影响LINE1在鱼类中的表达。本研究为进一步探究LINE1在鱼类适应低温环境中的作用机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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钙敏感受体(calcium-sensing recceptor, CaSR)在 Ca2+ 刺激下可参与调控细胞凋亡等生理过程, 在机体适应逆境胁迫中发挥重要作用。为研究吉富罗非鱼(Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia, GIFT)CaSR 基因的特点及其在缺氧胁迫下参与细胞凋亡的调控机制。本研究利用 RT-PCR 技术克隆了吉富罗非鱼 CaSR cDNA 全长序列, 利用 qRT-PCR 技术分析了该基因在不同组织中的表达模式, 并进一步检测了缺氧胁迫下(0.55 mg/L)肝脏中该基因和细胞凋亡相关基因 mRNA 的表达变化, 同时利用 ELISA 法检测了肝脏中抗氧化酶活性的变化, 以及通过 HE 和 TUNEL染色法分别观察了肝细胞的形态变化和凋亡情况。结果显示, 吉富罗非鱼 CaSR cDNA序列全长 3265 bp, 包括 21 bp 5′非编码区、2823 bp 开放阅读框和 421 bp 3′非编码区, 编码 940 个氨基酸。CaSR 基因 mRNA 在不同组织中均有表达, 其中肌肉中表达量最高, 肾脏次之; 组织切片观察发现缺氧可导致肝脏组织结构损伤, 促进肝细胞凋亡; 与对照组(5.0 mg/L)相比, 缺氧可增强 SOD、CAT 和 GSH-Px 抗氧化酶活性, 上调 CaSR mRNA 的表达, 并引起 Bcl-2、Caspase-3 和 P53 凋亡基因 mRNA 的表达变化。研究结果表明, CaSR 可能通过介导 Ca2+调控细胞凋亡, 从而参与吉富罗非鱼的缺氧应对机制。 相似文献
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产生应激颗粒是生物体遭受不利环境时细胞产生的一种自我保护机制,基于此,本研究开展了高温胁迫下刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠道细胞中应激颗粒(Stress granule)标记蛋白基因TIA-1表达特征的研究。采用RACE技术克隆了刺参T细胞胞内抗原-1基因(TIA-1)全长c DNA序列。该基因c DNA全长为3108 bp,包括16 bp的5'UTR,1284 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),1808 bp的3'UTR,编码427个氨基酸。结构分析表明,刺参TIA-1基因编码3个N末端RNA识别基序(RRM)和2个类似蛋白聚集区的C末端区域(low complexity)。系统进化树分析表明,刺参TIA-1与软体动物门鸭嘴海豆芽(Lingula anatina)TIAR聚为一支,具有最近的亲缘关系。使用Western blotting技术检测目的蛋白TIA-1在全细胞和亚细胞成分中的表达差异,并且利用细胞免疫荧光技术检测细胞在高温胁迫下TIA-1的定位情况。研究结果表明,刺参肠道细胞TIA-1在高温胁迫下在细胞质中表达量显著上升(P0.05),且高温胁迫下TIA-1定位表达发生变化,多分布在细胞核周围,由此推断TIA-1在刺参高温应激时可能参与了应激颗粒的生成,从而对刺参肠道细胞起到了保护作用。 相似文献
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为了筛选出中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)低温下显著上调表达的基因,揭示中国明对虾耐低温分子调控机制.利用DEseq2方法对3种类型中国明对虾常温和低温转录组进行差异表达基因(differential expression genes,DEG)检测,筛选出6条低温下显著上调表达的抗凋亡与免疫相关类基因.并运用生物信息学的分析方法,分析这些基因的表达产物,功能性状,以及低温上调表达的原因.研究结果显示,6条中国明对虾低温上调表达基因的编码产物包括:发挥分子伴侣作用的HSP70、HSP20、DEAD-box RNA解旋酶,发挥抗凋亡作用的Pim-1激酶和富甘氨酸蛋白以及发挥免疫作用的丝氨酸蛋白酶.本研究筛选并鉴定了中国明对虾耐低温相关基因,揭示了其耐低温胁迫下分子调控机制,以期为中国明对虾耐低温品系育种工作的改良提供参考. 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献