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1.
外源纤维素酶对秸秆降解速率及土壤速效养分的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为探求促进秸秆降解的新途径，采用室内培养法研究了外源纤维素酶对秸秆降解速率及土壤速效养分的影响。结果表明，整个培养期内，小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆加酶处理与不加酶处理降解率都存在极显著差异（P〈0．01），到培养结束时小麦秸秆加酶处理降解率高出不加酶处理7．10％～11．86％，玉米秸秆高出8．01％～14．04％；整个培养期内，小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆加酶处理与不加酶处理间土壤碱解氮、速效磷、钾含量都存在极显著差异（P〈0．01），培养结束时，小麦秸秆最优处理碱解氮、速效磷、钾含量分别高出对照4．15，3．60，32．35mg／kg，玉米秸秆分别高出6．50，4．27，47．97mg／kg。结果说明添加外源纤维素酶能够提高秸秆降解速率，促进秸秆养分矿化。 相似文献
2.
添加尿素和秸秆对三熟制水旱轮作土壤各形态氮素的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
添加不同外源氮对土壤中不同形态氮素的转化具有十分重要的影响。选取长期耕作土壤,设置对照、添加尿素N 150 kg/hm~2(U150)、添加秸秆(相当于添加N 38 kg/hm~2,Straw)、添加尿素N 150 kg/hm~2+秸秆(相当于添加N188 kg/hm~2,U150+Straw)和添加尿素N 188 kg/hm~2(U188)5个处理进行室内培养试验,研究了添加不同外源氮对土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性有机氮、微生物生物量氮含量的影响。结果表明,土壤铵态氮随着培养时间的延长表现为先增后减的趋势,添加尿素的两个处理其土壤铵态氮较Straw、U150+Straw处理能够更快地达到峰值;而土壤硝态氮则表现为逐步增加的趋势。添加尿素处理能够显著提高土壤矿质氮的含量,在添加等量氮素的条件下,U188处理矿质氮含量在培养期间始终高于U150+Straw处理;此外,U150+Straw处理矿质氮含量在培养前期均低于U150处理,至培养30天后其含量略高于U150处理。与对照相比,培养结束时添加不同外源氮素处理的土壤矿质氮含量能够提高169.61%~496.75%。对于微生物生物量氮和可溶性有机氮而言,添加不同外源氮素分别在培养10天和30天达到峰值,此后逐渐降低。不同处理而言,添加秸秆+尿素、添加秸秆处理的微生物生物量氮和可溶性有机氮含量在培养前期明显高于仅添加尿素的两个处理,说明添加有机物料氮源主要有益于提高土壤有机态的氮素含量。 相似文献
3.
玉米植株不同部位还田土壤活性碳、氮的动态变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
探讨玉米植株不同部位腐解对还田土壤活性碳、 氮动态变化的影响。采用室内培养方法,通过动态监测土壤微生物量碳（SMBC）、微生物量氮（SMBN）、可溶性碳（DOC）和矿质氮含量,研究等量玉米根茬、秸秆、茎及叶4个部位在连续7季还田（秸秆+根茬还田）和不还田土壤（仅根茬还田）中的腐解转化特征。结果表明,秸秆腐解的最初 7 d是土壤活性碳、 氮动态变化的高峰期;腐解期间（62 d）SMBC、SMBN含量表现为添加秸秆始终高于根茬,叶分别在前28 d、14 d内高于茎,后期则低于茎,秸秆介于茎、叶之间;土壤DOC、矿质氮含量为叶＞秸秆＞茎＞根茬;培养结束时,各处理SMBC和矿质氮含量均较起始（0 d）显著提高,DOC含量基本保持不变,SMBN含量显著下降。与不还田土壤相比,还田土壤对新鲜残体的腐解影响不显著,且两者间土壤活性氮组分的差异较碳组分明显。腐解期间土壤活性碳、 氮的动态变化主要取决于各器官碳、 氮等化学组分的差异性,等量秸秆较根茬更有利于补充土壤活性碳、氮数量,土壤活性氮组分对还田土壤的响应较碳组分灵敏。 相似文献
4.
施用秸秆和接种蚯蚓对土壤温室气体排放的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过施用秸秆并接种蚯蚓于微系统实验研究发现,在 21 天的培养期内,蚯蚓活动显著增加土壤C02和N20的排放速率,与对照处理相比,单接种蚯蚓处理与单施加秸秆的处理导致CO2排放量分别增加了60%和1.35倍,相应的N2O .排放量增加了1.06倍和3.94倍.另一方面,与单施加秸秆的处理相比,接种蚯蚓配合施加秸秆的处理导致C02和N20排放分别增加了41%和45%.施用秸秆显著提高了土壤微生物生物量C含量,而单接种蚯蚓处理的土壤相比对照处理反而降低.接种蚯蚓显著提高了土壤N03--N和NH4 -N含量,秸秆处理土壤并不显著增加土壤中的NH4 -N含量. 相似文献
5.
长期施肥和秸秆还田对红壤水稻土氮素分布和矿化特性的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
为明确长期施肥和秸秆还田对稻田土壤生态系统氮素循环过程的影响,探索维持稻田土壤长期供氮潜力的途径,利用始于1990年的湖南红壤水稻土长期定位试验,研究了长期施肥和秸秆还田对水稻土剖面氮素迁移分布和C/N的影响,比较了不同温度下土壤氮素矿化曲线变化和不同施肥方式氮素矿化动态差异,分析了氮素累积矿化量与有效积温的关系。结果表明,长期施肥或秸秆可以促进红壤水稻土氮素的积累,其主要影响020cm土层,而化肥和秸秆配合施用作用更明显;长期施NPK化肥使土壤C/N降低,而秸秆还田使土壤C/N明显升高。在两种温度下的土壤矿质氮含量和累积矿化量曲线比较相似,10℃下土壤矿化速率达到稳定所需的时间要比30℃下长;30℃下不同施肥处理之间的矿化过程存在显著差异,而10℃下的差异较小,其在56d内矿化出来的矿质氮是10℃下的近两倍。化肥NP（仅施化肥NP）及NP+C（施化肥NP+秸秆还田）处理均有较高氮素矿化量,秸秆还田对土壤氮素矿化的促进作用比仅施化肥明显。在30℃下,土壤积累矿化量与有效积温的关系较好地符合有效积温方程式（EATM）（p0.01）。仅施化肥处理和对照方程中的K值相差不大,而秸秆还田与化肥配施处理方程的K值则有增大趋势,NPK+C（施化肥NPK+秸秆还田）处理的矿化潜力较大,且养分供应能力较强;秸秆配施化肥处理方程中n值的绝对值有减小趋势。随着培养时间延长,秸秆还田配施化肥处理土壤的累积矿化量保持在一个较稳定范围。 相似文献
6.
[目的]研究蚯蚓活动对铜尾矿废弃地土壤养分的影响,以期为利用土壤动物进行铜尾矿生态恢复提供参考。[方法]在室内恒温(20℃)条件下培养1个月,共设置8种处理进行试验。[结果](1)接种蚯蚓对土壤养分的影响强弱顺序依次为:有效磷有机质速效钾碱解氮,且随着蚯蚓密度的增加土壤养分的含量呈上升趋势;(2)添加秸秆后接种蚯蚓对铜尾矿废弃地土壤养分的影响强弱顺序依次为:有效磷碱解氮速效钾有机质,且随着蚯蚓密度的增加土壤养分的含量呈上升趋势;(3)接种蚯蚓且添加秸秆比仅接种蚯蚓对土壤养分的影响大,且影响速度表现为:有效磷速效钾碱解氮有机质。[结论]蚯蚓对铜尾矿废弃地土壤养分的恢复具有促进作用,蚯蚓密度越大影响作用越强。 相似文献
7.
不同小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过大田试验研究了不同小麦秸秆还田量（0、1500、3000、4500、6000kg.hm-2）对水稻生长、土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响。结果表明：秸秆还田后,水稻分蘖数、株高、SPAD及干物质积累量均高于秸秆不还田（对照）,但是未全部达到显著性差异;50%秸秆还田处理增产效果最显著（P〈0.05）,与对照相比,理论增产10.2%,实际增产9.0%;秸秆还田处理显著增加了土壤全氮和速效氮含量,对土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量影响不显著;50%秸秆还田处理对微生物量碳、氮的提高作用最明显（P〈0.05）,分别较对照提高46.0%和90.0%;25%和50%秸秆还田显著提高了土壤脲酶活性（P〈0.05）;25%、50%和75%秸秆还田土壤过氧化氢酶活性较对照提高9.3%、12.1%和8.5%（P〈0.05）;与对照相比,50%秸秆还田土壤蔗糖酶活性提高20.3%（P〈0.05）。鉴于秸秆还田对作物产量和土壤肥力的长期效应以及对土壤微生物生理代谢影响的复杂性,合理秸秆还田量的选择还需进行长期定位试验研究。 相似文献
8.
为了探明秸秆还田对宁南旱区土壤有机碳及土壤碳矿化的影响,为该区作物生产及土壤培肥制度的建立提供参考,通过4a（2007—2010年）秸秆还田定位试验,设置不同秸秆还田量处理,谷子秸秆按3000kg·hm-（2低L）、6000kg·hm-（2中M）、9000kg·hm-（2高H）粉碎还田,玉米秸秆按4500kg·hm-（2低L）、9000kg·hm-（2中M）、13500kg·hm-（2高H）粉碎还田,对照为秸秆不还田,对不同处理条件下土壤有机碳、土壤碳矿化速率、累积矿化量及其与不同形态碳素之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳含量均随土层的加深而减少;各处理0～60cm土层土壤有机碳和活性有机碳含量分别比CK显著提高了24.2%、20.8%、9.5%和50.3%、46.6%、34.8%（P〈0.05）;秸秆还田不仅增加了土壤活性有机碳含量,同时也显著提高了0～20cm土层活性有机碳占总有机碳含量的比重,提高幅度达21.1%～23.1%（P〈0.05）;土壤碳矿化速率和累积矿化量在0～60cm各土层内随着秸秆还田量的增加大小顺序均为高量秸秆还田〉中量秸秆还田〉低量秸秆还田〉秸秆不还田,各秸秆还田处理较CK差异显著（P〈0.05）。相关性分析表明,土壤碳累积矿化量与不同形态碳素之间均存在极显著相关性。因此,在宁南半干旱区采用秸秆还田对提高土壤有机碳含量和碳矿化具有明显作用。 相似文献
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10.
添加秸秆对土壤矿质氮量、微生物氮量和氮总矿化速率的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用室内恒温培养法,研究了在乌沙土上添加15N标记秸秆后,秸秆15N在矿质氮、微生物氮和土壤不同组分中的分配情况,并应用氮同位素库稀释法测定了秸秆在乌沙土上的氮总矿化速率。结果表明:将秸秆添加到土壤后,微生物氮量显著增加,而土壤矿质氮量在14天时迅速下降。随着秸秆的分解,秸秆15N进入矿质氮库和微生物氮库,矿质15N在第7 d时最高,占到添加秸秆15N的6.7%,微生物15N在第14 d最高,占到添加秸秆15N的18.1%,随后矿质15N和微生物15N量都下降。56 d时,仍有50.8%的秸秆氮没有分解掉,5.4%的秸秆15N进入土壤53μm~2 mm组分,15.5%进入2~53μm组分,14.6%进入小于2μm组分,有13.6%的秸秆氮损失掉。在培养开始时,乌沙土的氮总矿化速率为2.81 mg kg-1d-1,秸秆在乌沙土上的氮总矿化速率分别为2.50 mg kg-1d-1。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
20.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献