共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
调质温度及模孔长径比对颗粒饲料加工质量的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为研究大宗原料经熟化预处理后制粒条件对颗粒饲料加工质量的影响,该试验将配方中大宗原料(玉米、豆粕、棉粕及麸皮)配料混合后预熟化,熟化大宗原料淀粉糊化度为69.13%,熟化混合粉料参照日粮配方添加预混料、乳酸菌混合后再低温制粒成型,采用不同的模孔长径比(6∶1,8∶1和10∶1)和调质温度(50,55,60和65℃),研究二者及其交互作用对颗粒质量及乳酸菌保留率的影响。结果表明:低温条件下制粒时,调质温度及模孔长径比显著影响大宗原料预熟化颗粒饲料的加工质量,模孔长径比对颗粒饲料加工质量的影响大于调质温度,低温制粒加工参数推荐调质温度为55～60℃,模孔长径比推荐为6∶1。随减抗、无抗时代的来临,热敏性抗生素替代品或价格高昂热敏性添加剂的应用,该研究为其提供理论研究基础,且对节约饲料生产加工成本和原料成本,实现生产配方精准化具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
该文研究了不同制备方法对花生浓缩蛋白功能性的影响,以期为不同制备方法制得的花生浓缩蛋白在食品中的广泛应用提供理论支持。以脱脂花生蛋白粉（DPF）为原料,通过等电沉淀、乙醇浸提、等电沉淀与乙醇浸提相结合及碱溶酸沉技术制备花生浓缩蛋白,并分别测定其蛋白功能性（蛋白溶解性、吸水性、持油性、乳化能力及乳化稳定性、起泡能力及泡沫稳定性、凝胶性质）。结果表明：碱溶酸沉技术制备的蛋白溶解性、起泡能力及泡沫稳定性最好;而乙醇浸提制备的蛋白吸水性、持油性和凝胶性质要显著性的高于其他方法制备的蛋白产品的;不同方法制备的花生浓缩蛋白的乳化稳定性均明显低于对照（DPF）,尤以碱溶酸沉技术制备的最低。因此可知,乙醇浸提制备的蛋白适用于对吸水性、持油性和凝胶性质要求较高的食品中;碱溶酸沉技术制备的蛋白适用于对起泡能力要求较高的食品中。 相似文献
5.
为降低银杏叶药渣制备颗粒燃料的能耗,对干燥、粉碎和制粒成型等主要加工环节的单位能耗进行了试验研究。首先,将银杏叶药渣在60～120℃的热风温度下分别恒温干燥至含水率20%,研究干燥温度对干燥能耗的影响;通过正交试验,研究含水率、筛网孔径和主轴转速对粉碎能耗的影响,分析在不同含水率和颗粒度条件下制粒成型的能耗情况。然后根据所制颗粒燃料的发热量与总的加工能耗的比值,确定银杏叶药渣颗粒燃料的最优加工工艺参数。试验结果显示干燥时,在110℃的干燥温度下,单位干燥能耗最低;粉碎时,在原料含水率为13%,筛网孔径4 mm,粉碎机主轴转速4 550 r/min的条件下,单位粉碎能耗最低;制粒成型时,原料的含水率为16%,颗粒度为4mm时的单位能耗最低。从单位发热量与总的加工能耗的比值来考虑,银杏叶药渣颗粒燃料的最优加工工艺参数为:干燥温度110℃,原料含水率16%,筛网孔径3 mm,粉碎机主轴转速4 550 r/min。在此工艺条件下,银杏叶药渣颗粒燃料总的加工能耗为4 478.3 kJ/kg,单位发热量为17 352.4 kJ/kg,满足国家关于生物质颗粒燃料的行业技术标准。 相似文献
6.
体外消化过程中低分子量寡肽释放量与饲料品质的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用胃蛋白酶．胰蛋白酶,模拟鸡胃肠道消化环境,对4种饲料(鱼粉、豆粕、棉粕和菜粕)进行体外消化,研究体外消化过程中不同饲料的寡肽释放特点与其氨基酸组成的关系。4种饲料的体外酶水解产物分别经过截留分子量为3kD和1kD的中空纤维超滤组件处理,制备8种低分子量组分。测定各组分中总氨基酸(TAA)和游离氨基酸(FAA)含量,RP-HPLC法分析各组分中典型寡肽。结果表明,低分子量组分中寡肽含量(PAA/TAA)与饲料必需氨基酸(TEAA)含量之间存在显著正相关,TEAA含量高的优质饲料蛋白在体外消化过程中产生较多寡肽。 相似文献
7.
以菜粕、豆粕和棉粕等8种364个植物源性饲料原料样品为研究对象,以其粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维为预测指标,应用偏最小二乘法(PLS),分别建立了8种饲料原料的独立定量模型和针对所有样品的通用近红外光谱定量分析模型,并对独立模型和通用模型进行了比较。结果表明,通用近红外模型可以有效地对任一种饲料原料中粗纤维、粗蛋白和粗脂肪等3种成分进行预测,其中粗蛋白的预测结果最好,粗纤维和粗脂肪的预测结果也可以满足分析要求。研究结果对植物源性饲料原料品质的快速检测具有实际意义。 相似文献
8.
为揭示发酵饼粕对植烟土壤镉形态及烤烟镉含量的影响,以烤烟品种云烟87为材料并采用欧共体标准局(BCR)方法,研究了4种发酵饼粕分别作基肥或追施,对改变土壤镉形态和消减烤烟镉含量的作用效果。结果表明,基肥中加入或追施发酵茶粕可使土壤中易被烟株吸收的弱酸提取态镉含量分别降低33.49%和42.08%,使土壤中不能被烟株吸收的残渣态及可还原态镉含量分别增加32.87%和38.19%;加入基肥或追施发酵菜粕使土壤弱酸提取态镉含量下降24.77%,可还原态与残渣态镉增加25.60%;发酵棉粕和芝麻粕固定土壤镉的效果较差。追施发酵菜粕可使初烤烟叶镉含量减少50.44%;在基肥中加入发酵菜粕和茶粕可分别减少初烤烟叶镉含量40.88%和38.36%,其降低初烤烟叶镉含量的效果明显好于发酵棉粕和芝麻粕。 相似文献
9.
肉羔羊育肥秸秆配合颗粒饲料加工工艺参数优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对肉羊羔羊育肥秸秆配合颗粒饲料生产过程中,由于作业参数不当造成的生产率低、成型颗粒质量差、能耗高等问题,以麦秸秆、玉米粒为主要试验材料,以原料精粗配比、物料含水率和喂料速度为试验因素,以颗粒饲料的密度、成型率、粉化率、纯工作小时生产率及吨产品能耗为试验指标,对肉羊羔羊育肥秸秆配合颗粒饲料加工工艺进行了试验研究。通过物料含水率、原料精粗配比、喂料速度对颗粒饲料成型效果影响的单因素试验,在满足行业标准要求的密度、成型率、粉化率数值基础上,确定了各因素合适范围;采用正交试验法、极差法、方差法及综合平衡法,试验分析了3因素对各项指标影响的显著性及主次顺序,确定了肉羊羔羊育肥秸秆配合颗粒饲料部分加工工艺的最优参数组合A_3B_1C_3。试验结果表明:在原料精粗配比4∶6,物料含水率17%,喂料速度500 r/min时,颗粒密度为1 116.48 kg/m~3,成型率为99.51%,粉化率为7.36%,纯工作小时生产率达到716 kg/h,颗粒密度符合国家行业标准要求,成型率与纯工作小时生产率达到最高,粉化率虽然不是最低,但完全符合标准要求。研究结果为肉羊羔羊育肥秸秆配合颗粒饲料的生产加工提供参考数据。 相似文献
10.
颗粒饲料淀粉糊化度的快速检测方法 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
淀粉糊化度是评价颗粒饲料加工质量的重要指标,直接影响畜禽吸收利用饲料中能量物质的效率,进而影响饲料的转化效率和畜禽生长状态。该文建立了颗粒饲料淀粉糊化度的两种快速检测方法,其中近红外光谱分析方法(NIRS)检测淀粉糊化度的定标和验证模型的决定系数(R2)分别为0.8759和0.9608;而快速黏度分析法(RVA)预测淀粉糊化度的定标和验证模型的决定系数分别为0.8025和0.8746。试验结果表明近红外光谱分析技术和快速黏度分析法均可快速且较准确地预测颗粒饲料的淀粉糊化度,在一定程度上能较好地满足实时监测饲料加工过程淀粉糊化程度、实现颗粒饲料精细加工的需要。 相似文献
11.
为了研究不同贮藏期大豆分离蛋白（soy protein isolate,SPI）对千页豆腐品质的影响,该文首先研究了贮藏期对大豆分离蛋白结构的影响,进而探讨贮藏期对大豆蛋白制备千页豆腐的品质的影响。对不同贮藏期的大豆蛋白分别采用了凝胶质构特性、感官评价、羰基含量、大豆蛋白亚基以及巯基的测定,并采用拉曼光谱对大豆蛋白二级结构、二硫键构型以及侧链结构进行了分析,同时采用扫描电镜观察千页豆腐的微结构。结果表明：随着贮藏期的延长,千页豆腐的感官评价变差,由88分降低至44分;其凝胶网络结构逐渐疏松;大豆蛋白羰基含量逐渐上升;巯基含量逐渐下降;二级结构含量改变;凝胶硬度呈下降趋势,硬度值低于234 g时,将无法达到千页豆腐的质量要求。这表明在贮藏期内SPI发生了氧化,导致大豆蛋白质结构发生改变,使其凝胶性质下降。 相似文献
12.
为了探讨电子束辐照对饼粕类饲料中抗营养因子的抑制作用,以1、2、3、5、7、9 k Gy剂量的电子束对豆粕、菜籽粕、棉籽粕等饲料进行辐照处理,研究辐照对大豆抗原、硫葡糖苷及其水解产物、植酸、单宁及游离棉酚的影响。结果表明,电子束辐照可有效降低饼粕类饲料中大豆球蛋白、硫代葡萄糖苷及其水解产物、植酸、单宁、游离棉酚等的含量,其中3 k Gy电子束辐照后,大豆球蛋白降低22.63%;7 k Gy下异硫氰酸酯降低17.17%,9 k Gy下噁唑烷硫酮、硫代葡萄糖苷、单宁、游离棉酚分别下降14.17%、15.83%、18.18%、13.17%,但电子束辐照对β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子的抑制效果不显著。本研究结果为饼粕类饲料中抗营养因子的消除提供了理论参考。 相似文献
13.
Radhakrishnan Srinivasan Alejandro Corzo Kim B. Koch Michael T. Kidd 《Cereal Chemistry》2009,86(4):393-397
Recently, the Elusieve process, a combination of elutriation (air classification) and sieving (screening) was developed to separate fiber from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) to increase DDGS utilization in nonruminant (poultry and swine) diets. Elusieve process produces three products: 1) Pan DDGS, with 5% higher protein content than conventional DDGS, which would be used at higher inclusion levels in broiler diets because of low fiber content; 2) Big DDGS, with nearly the same protein content as conventional DDGS, which would be used at same inclusion levels as conventional DDGS; and 3) Fiber product. The objective of this study was to determine and compare pellet‐mill throughput, power consumption, and pellet quality for broiler diets incorporating different levels (0, 10, and 20%) of conventional DDGS and DDGS products from Elusieve process. Poultry oil contents were lower (1.5–1.6%) in diets comprising Pan DDGS and diets without DDGS than in the other diets (2.2–3.1%). The feed throughput was not affected by inclusion levels or type of DDGS. Pellet quality (pellet durability index [PDI]) for diets comprising Pan DDGS (both 10 and 20% inclusion levels) was significantly better than PDI for diets comprising conventional DDGS, Big DDGS, and the diet without DDGS. Better pellet quality of diets comprising Pan DDGS could be due to lower quantity of poultry oil used as well as compositional characteristics such as low fiber and high protein. Diets with Big DDGS had similar pelleting characteristics to those with conventional DDGS. Pellet quality deteriorated at higher inclusion levels of conventional DDGS, Big DDGS, and Enhanced DDGS. Considering that Pan DDGS would be included at higher inclusion levels in broiler diets, superior pellet quality of diets comprising Pan DDGS is beneficial. 相似文献
14.
Zhichun Yan Timothy J. Herrman Thomas Loughin Allen M. Featherstone Dingyaun Feng 《Cereal Chemistry》2003,80(5):623-626
The adoption of Statistical Process Control (SPC) in the Chinese feed industry to reduce finished feed protein and moisture content variation can improve feed quality and profitability. Two studies were conducted to characterize protein variation in the Chinese feed industry. Study I involved four participating feed mills where we collected three samples per bag from four bags per lot of soybean meal, rapeseed meal, fish meal, corn gluten meal, meat & bone meal, and cottonseed meal. We analyzed these ingredients for protein and moisture content. Cottonseed meal and meat & bone meal displayed the highest protein variability between bags and within bags compared with other protein ingredients. We found no significant difference for within‐bag protein variance of the other feed ingredients; however, soybean meal had a significantly lower between‐bag variance (0.04%). Study II assessed the effect of adopting SPC. Five feed mills provided data for one year of finished feed protein and moisture content before and after adopting SPC. Three of the five feed mills experienced a significant (P < 0.10) reduction (0.20, 0.52, and 0.70%) in the absolute finished feed protein variation after adopting SPC. The two feed mills that did not display a significant reduction in absolute protein variation were already manufacturing feed with a low (<0.4% protein) absolute deviation from the target. These data demonstrate that feed mill managers can control finished feed variability through a number of management techniques including SPC. 相似文献
15.
Two agro-industrial coproducts, soybean cotyledon fiber and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), were used as substrates to evaluate the effect of coculturing three different fungi, Aspergillus oryzae , Trichoderma reesei , and Phanerochaete chrysosporium , on enzyme production by solid-state fermentation (SSF). When soybean fiber was used as the substrate, a maximum xylanase activity of 757.4 IU/g and a cellulase activity of 3.2 IU/g were achieved with the inoculation and incubation of T. reesei and P. chrysosporium for 36 h, followed by A. oryzae for an additional 108 h. This inoculation scheme also resulted in the highest xylanase activity of 399.2 IU/g compared to other fungi combinations in the SSF of DDGS. A large-scale SSF by this fungus combination produced fermented products that had xylanase and cellulase activities of 35.9-57.0 and 0.4-1.2 IU/g, respectively. These products also had 3.5-15.1% lower fiber and 1.3-4.2% higher protein contents, suggesting a potential feed quality improvement. 相似文献
16.
Ferouz Y. Ayadi K. Muthukumarappan Kurt A. Rosentrater Michael L. Brown 《Cereal Chemistry》2011,88(4):363-374
Increasing demand for seafood products and rising demand for fish meal for commercial fish feeds is driving the search for effective alternative protein sources. Twin‐screw extrusion trials were conducted to study the production of nutritionally balanced feeds for rainbow trout fingerlings (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Six isocaloric (≈4.61 kcal/g) ingredient blends with a target protein content of >45% db were formulated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and other feed ingredients. The moisture contents of the diets were initially adjusted to 5–7% db, and then extruded at 250 rpm using dual 1.9 mm dies with varying amounts of steam (7.2–7.7 kg/hr) injected into the conditioner and water (4.3–6.5 kg/hr) into the extruder. Mass flow rates, moisture contents, and temperatures were measured during processing and moisture content, water activity, unit density, bulk density, expansion ratio, compressive strength, compressive modulus, pellet durability index, water stability, and color were analyzed to quantify the effects of varying DDGS content on the extrudate physical properties. Significant differences (P < 0.05) among the blends were observed for color and bulk density for both the raw and extruded materials, respectively, and for the unit density and pellet durability index of the extruded products. There were also significant changes in redness and yellowness, but only minor changes in brightness, among the final products with increasing DDGS content. The compressive strength of the extrudates increased significantly with increasing DDGS. Expansion ratio of all pellets was low. All extruded diets achieved very good water stability. 相似文献
17.
高含量乳清粉的仔猪配合饲料热特性及调质温度控制 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为探究热敏性饲料原料乳清粉及不同含量乳清粉的仔猪配合饲料的热物理特性,该文以仔猪料配方中的4种主要饲料原料玉米、豆粕、乳清粉和鱼粉为研究对象,采用混料设计的方法得到33种不同含量(0～30％)乳清粉的仔猪配合饲料,并利用差示扫描量热法(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)测定了4种单一原料在25～120℃范围内以及33种仔猪配合饲料在25～110℃范围内的比热,分析了乳清粉及高含量乳清粉(质量分数≥14.548％)的仔猪配合饲料的热变性过程.结果显示:玉米、豆粕和鱼粉的比热分别与温度(25～120℃)呈线性、对数和二次关系,而乳清粉的比热与温度(25～110℃)遵循三次多项式的关系;当配合饲料中含有≥6.25％的乳清粉时,其比热与温度遵循三次多项式的关系;配合饲料的比热显著受温度、原料配比以及二者交互作用的影响(P＜0.001),其中,温度的影响最为显著,而乳清粉含量的影响次之.DSC热焓曲线上,乳清粉在109.79℃会出现吸热峰,为乳清蛋白的热变性导致;而随着温度由20℃升高到110℃,乳清粉颗粒由存在许多凸起与微孔的粗糙表面结构逐渐过渡为光滑、粘结的状态.与乳清粉相似,高含量乳清粉的配合饲料也会在77.95～87.69℃出现吸热峰.在仔猪配合颗粒饲料的加工过程中,为降低乳清蛋白的变性程度、减少环模制粒机的堵机现象,应将调质温度降低至70℃以下为宜.研究结果为高含量乳清粉的仔猪配合饲料的调质、制粒等热处理过程的工艺优化提供理论指导. 相似文献
18.
D L Park B M Miller L P Hart G Yang J McVey S W Page J Pestka L H Brown 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1989,72(2):326-332
A joint AOAC/IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) interlaboratory study of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent screening assay (ELISA) for aflatoxins was conducted in laboratories in Canada, France, Japan, South Africa, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Tunisia, and the United States. Twenty-eight samples of raw and roasted peanuts, corn, whole cottonseed, cottonseed meal, ammoniated cottonseed meal, and poultry feed containing various quantities of natural aflatoxins and supplemented when appropriate with aflatoxin B1 were distributed to participating laboratories for testing. The assay is based on conjugation of pure aflatoxin B1 to an enzyme and the competition between this conjugate and (free) aflatoxins in the product for aflatoxin-specific antibodies coated onto microtiter well walls. After a wash step to remove all unbound aflatoxins, a substrate, added to each well, is catalyzed from a colorless to a green solution by any bound enzyme-conjugated aflatoxin B1 present. The intensity of the color decreases as the amount of free aflatoxin B1 in the product increases. Overall correlation was good between ELISA and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) results for cottonseed products and mixed feed. Variable results were reported for corn and peanut product samples. Although some positive samples (greater than 15 ng/g) of cottonseed products and mixed feed were reported to contain less than 15 ng/g by visual determination, a review of data for absorbance measurements showed that the contamination level was close to the greater than or equal to 15 ng/g standard and would not have been reported as negative under routine screening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
19.
Ferouz Y. Ayadi Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan Kurt A. Rosentrater Michael L. Brown 《Cereal Chemistry》2011,88(2):179-188
This study was conducted to investigate the production of balanced diets for juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) feeds. Six isocaloric (≈3.21 kcal/g), isonitrogenous (30.1 ± 0.4% db) ingredient blends were formulated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and appropriate amounts of soybean meal, fish meal, vitamins, and minerals. Extrusion cooking was performed using a laboratory‐scale single‐screw extruder at a constant barrel temperature profile of 40–90–100°C, and a constant screw speed of 230 rpm (24.1 rad/sec). The mass flow rate was determined during processing; it generally increased with progressively higher DDGS content. Additionally, moisture content, water activity, unit density, expansion ratio, compressive strength, compressive modulus, pellet durability index, water stability, and color were extensively analyzed to quantify the effects of DDGS content on the physical properties of the resulting extrudates. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between blends were observed for color and water activity for both the raw material and extrudates, respectively, and for the unit density of the extrudates. There were significant changes in brightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) among the final products when increasing the DDGS content of the blends. Expansion ratio and compressive strength of the extrudates were low. On the other hand, all blends showed high pellet durability (PDI ≥ 96.18%). Overall, it was ascertained that DDGS could be successfully included at rates of <50%, and that each of the ingredient blends resulted in viable, high quality extrudates. 相似文献