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1.
遥感技术是研究土地覆盖类型的重要手段，但大部分研究仅采用单一数据源、少特征，该研究基于GEE环境对多源遥感数据、多特征协同进行地物类型分类研究。采用哨兵一号（Sentinel-1）合成孔径雷达数据、哨兵二号（Sentinel-2）多光谱数据和国产高分二号（GF-2）多光谱数据，构建了青海省诺木洪地区地表8类地物的波段特征、植被指数特征、纹理特征和极化特征空间，利用特征优化算法和RF算法实现了研究区域地物的有监督分类，以此评估构建的多特征空间性能及多源数据协同分类的能力。结果表明，基于Sentinel-1与Sentinel-2数据源，使用多特征空间协同分类时的总体精度和Kappa系数可达到97.62%和0.971 6，精度均高于使用单一数据或部分特征的分类精度（总体精度为95.91%，Kappa系数为0.951 1）。而基于Sentinel-1、Sentinel-2与GF-2数据提取的波段、植被指数、纹理特征和极化特征进行的协同地物分类结果总体精度达到了96.67%，Kappa系数达到了0.960 2。总体上，基于多数据源、多特征协同分类结果精度要优于单一数据源或少特征分类结果，而不同空间分辨率图像提取的纹理特征对分类结果有着不同影响，在适宜的分辨率下提取纹理特征参与分类才能达到更好的效果。 相似文献
2.
Sentinel-2和GF-1影像结合提取苜蓿空间分布 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
及时准确地获取苜蓿空间分布信息有利于对草业生产发展和管理提供科学数据支撑。该研究基于GF-1/WFV和Sentinel-2遥感影像,以甘肃省金昌市作为研究区,构建了苜蓿的归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）数据集,并结合苜蓿光谱反射率随生育期的变化规律,提出一种利用MATLAB寻峰函数（Findpeaks）提取苜蓿遥感特征的方法,通过确定最小峰值突出（Minimum Peak Prominence,MPP）值实现金昌市苜蓿空间分布信息的提取。研究结果表明,基于Sentinel-2遥感数据的识别苜蓿精度优于GF-1/WFV,识别精度和Kappa系数在85%和0.7以上,主要是由于Sentinel-2数据的NDVI时间序列曲线密度较GF-1/WFV大,可以更好地识别苜蓿刈割前后的关键时间点;寻谷法的苜蓿提取总体精度、Kappa系数、用户精度、制图精度指标均比寻峰法高,基于Sentinel-2影像的寻谷法苜蓿遥感识别总体精度为92.25%,Kappa系数为0.81,位置精度为86.44%;2019年金昌市苜蓿空间分布整体呈现从北到南逐渐增多的趋势,统计得到苜蓿种植面积为15 449.07 hm2,其中金川区的苜蓿面积为1 353.42 hm2,占金昌市苜蓿总面积的8.76%;永昌县的苜蓿面积为14 095.65 hm2,占总面积的91.24%。研究结果证实,基于Sentinel-2遥感数据的寻谷法可以有效识别苜蓿空间分布,对于实现草牧场精准化管理和草牧业生产信息精准监测具有重要意义。 相似文献
3.
基于改进多元纹理信息模型和GF-1影像的县域冬小麦面积提取 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1
作物面积监测具有较强的时效性,应用不断发展的遥感技术能够及时可靠地监测主要作物的种植面积。该文围绕国产高分一号卫星(GF-1)农业应用关键技术,研究县域尺度农作物种植面积快速准确提取的方法。在考虑多光谱遥感影像空间相关性的基础上,利用矩阵分解和距离空间转换等数学工具设计一种改进多元纹理信息(modified multivariate texture,MMT)提取模型,实现基于GF-1遥感影像的改进多元纹理信息提取、纹理与光谱信息融合以及基于融合影像分类的县域尺度冬小麦识别和面积提取。选用冬小麦出苗和越冬2期GF-1宽视场影像,结合地面实测数据和最佳识别时相遥感参考数据,对比分析基于光谱信息、单变量纹理与光谱融合信息、改进多元纹理与光谱融合信息的3种冬小麦识别和面积量算结果,实现对改进多元纹理信息效果以及小区域和较大区域上冬小麦面积提取的精度验证。试验结果表明:1)与基于其他2种传统分类特征信息的结果相比,改进多元纹理信息的加入能够显著提高冬小麦识别精度(出苗期提高4.12%和2.36%,越冬期提高2.59%和0.94%);2)在不考虑影像质量、生育期和地面样方测量精度等客观因素的影响下,基于该文方法的小区域内冬小麦面积提取精度普遍优于90%;3)在冬小麦长势稳定的时相(越冬期),基于该文方法的较大区域冬小麦面积量算结果能够达到接近最佳识别时相(孕穗期)的面积提取精度,二者的一致性程度超过97%。因而,利用GF-1宽视场影像能够有效提取县域尺度冬小麦种植面积,可为农作物监测业务运行提供遥感数据保障。 相似文献
4.
基于GF-1卫星数据的农作物种植面积遥感抽样调查方法 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：8
GF-1号卫星是中国2013年4月26日发射的一颗高分辨率遥感卫星,为解决该新型卫星数据在农作物对地抽样遥感调查中的应用技术方法问题,该文针对GF-1号卫星数据的特点,研究了基于GF-1号卫星16m WFV传感器和2m/8m PMS传感器卫星数据的农作物种植面积遥感抽样调查方法。根据研究区物候历,选择农作物识别关键期的16m WFV传感器数据进行多时相农作物种植面积的中分辨率遥感提取;在中分辨率农作物面积遥感分类图基础上,计算研究区域的MORAN I指数,确定格网抽样单元的大小,进行多目标农作物的MPPS(multivariate probability proportional to size)抽样;对抽样单元采用2m/8 m PMS传感器卫星数据进行高分辨率农作物面积制图;最后根据MPPS抽样方法进行总体农作物种植面积的推断,并计算CV值,评价抽样精度。以江苏省东台市为研究区对GF-1号卫星数据进行了应用研究。研究结果表明,GF-1号卫星数据完全可以应用于县级农作物种植面积的提取,农作物种植面积提取精度优于90%。 相似文献
5.
实时准确地获取林农间作模式下的果树结构信息对推进新疆特色林果业的提质增效，增加农民收入，稳定脱贫攻坚成果，实现乡村振兴具有重要意义。该研究以新疆和田绿洲林农间作区为研究对象，提出一种综合高分遥感数据的纹理和光谱特征以及中分遥感数据的时序物候特征的果树提取方法。基于GF-2遥感数据利用面向对象方法提取高分辨率的林田地块空间信息；基于多时相Sentinel-2遥感数据构建植被归一化指数（Normalized Difference Vegetable Index，NDVI）时间序列产品，并依据果树物候特征建立决策树模型，提取间作核桃、纯核桃、枣树和葡萄4种类型；最后将多时相的分类结果与高分的林田地块叠加，获取和田绿洲特色林果作物分布信息。该方法对2020年和田绿洲核桃、枣树和葡萄提取结果的用户精度和总体分类精度均在90%以上，Kappa系数为0.95，能够满足县市级尺度的林果遥感监测精度需求。基于遥感提取的和田绿洲主要林果作物面积为4.28×105 hm2，以核桃（间作和纯核桃）为主，间作核桃面积占比63.80%，其次为枣树（19.38%）和葡萄（3.30%）。该方法可为林农间作立体种植模式下的果树类型和面积精确信息提取研究提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
6.
基于GF-1卫星遥感的冬小麦面积早期识别 总被引：11，自引：21，他引：11
GF-1号卫星是中国高分卫星系列首颗卫星,自2013年04月26日发射以来,提供了大量的2 m/8 m/16 m空间分辨率的卫星数据,成为中国农业遥感监测的主要数据源之一。该文以GF-1卫星携带的16 m空间分辨率的宽视场(wide field view,WFV)传感器为主要数据源,采用2013年10月2日、10月17日、11月7日和12月5日4个时相的数据,以多尺度分割后的对象为基本分类单元,采用分层决策树分类的方法对冬小麦面积进行提取,并利用地面样方数据对分类结果进行了精度验证。结果表明,北京市顺义区冬小麦面积7 095 hm2,分类总体精度达到96.7%,制图精度为90.0%,其他未分类类别精度为97.3%,Kappa系数为0.8。研究区内冬小麦的播种时间可以分为10月1-5日早播、10月6-10日中播、10月11-15日中晚播、10月16-20日晚播等4个时间段,不同播期对应着归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)不同的变化规律,是分层的基础,结合波段反射率、波段反射率和、波段反射率比值等参数的变化规律,通过分层可以有效的剔除草坪、桃树等容易同冬小麦混淆的地物类型,GF-1/WFV提供的多时相遥感数据能够可靠的反映冬小麦发育变化的规律,是冬小麦面积准确提取的基础,在农作物面积遥感监测业务运行中具有较大的开发应用潜力。 相似文献
7.
GF-4/PMS与GF-1/WFV两种传感器地表反射率及NDVI一致性分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2015年12月中国成功发射高分系列中首颗地球静止轨道卫星高分四号(GF-4),实现与高分一号(GF-1)近极地轨道卫星的优势互补,构成了具有多种空间和时间分辨率的对地观测体系。该文研究并分析了GF-4/PMS与GF-1/WFV地表反射率与NDVI的一致性,结果表明:一致性研究的最优空间尺度为50 m;GF-4/PMS与GF-1/WFV地表反射率存在较好的线性关系,各波段相关系数R均在0.7以上,传感器之间反射率的系统性偏差可以通过线性回归模型校正,校正后各波段反射率的RMSE明显降低;NDVI能够消除不同波段地表反射率"同增同减"偏差的影响,在GF-4地表反射率校正前后均表现出与GF-1较好的一致性,校正前后相关系数R分别为0.74和0.77。因此,GF-4在农业和植被遥感中具有较好的高分系列数据延续性和应用潜力。 相似文献
8.
基于Sentinel-2影像的西南山区不同生长期水稻识别 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
山区水稻种植呈现破碎分散的特点,中低分辨率的遥感影像分类效果不甚理想,需要寻找适用于山区水稻提取的遥感数据源和监测方法;水稻在不同生长阶段有不同的形态特征,适用的分类特征与得出的分类结果显然不同。该研究以Sentinel-2影像为数据源,对不同生长阶段的水稻进行提取。选取波段特征、植被指数、红边指数、水体指数、地形特征、纹理特征等58个分类特征,运用SEaTH算法进行筛选后,采用随机森林分类法进行分类,并构建误差矩阵比较分类结果。结果表明,分类特征经过筛选后,数量分别为发育期16个、生长期13个、成熟期12个;分类结果进行精度验证后,用户精度分别为发育期0.93、生长期0.88、成熟期0.85,水稻发育期为提取水稻的最佳时期。Sentinel-2影像和随机森林方法可作为理想的数据源和监测方法用于山区水稻时空信息的提取。 相似文献
9.
基于Worldview-2影像的玉米倒伏面积估算 总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4
为应用高分辨率遥感影像准确调查玉米倒伏面积,该文使用2012年9月14日获取的Worldview-2多光谱影像研究灌浆期倒伏玉米的光谱、纹理特征及其最优的面积估算方法。通过对影像进行大气校正后得到正常玉米和倒伏玉米的反射率,结果显示玉米倒伏后8个波段的反射率均升高,其中红边、近红外1和近红外2等3个波段的上升数值超过0.1。通过对反射率数据进行滤波得到正常、倒伏玉米的均值纹理特征,统计结果显示各波段纹理特征有差异,其中绿色、红边、近红外1及近红外2等4波段的均值纹理特征数值差距更明显。比较使用不同波段数量、特征及分类方法的倒伏面积估算值,结果表明基于最大似然分类法使用红边、近红外1和近红外2等3波段光谱反射率的倒伏面积估算方法最优,其最小误差为2.2%,最大误差为8.9%,平均误差为4.7%。该研究结果为应用高分辨率多光谱遥感数据调查玉米倒伏面积提供了相关依据。 相似文献
10.
基于GF-1与Landsat-8多光谱遥感影像的玉米LAI反演比较 总被引：3，自引：6，他引：3
近年来,中国遥感事业已取得长足进步,高分一号(GF-1)卫星首次实现了中国自主研发的高分辨率对地观测。为探讨国产GF-1卫星影像在农业遥感长势监测中的适应性,以许昌地区为研究对象,选取同期Landsat-8卫星影像,结合地面采样数据LAI,从传感器光谱响应特征、经验回归模型监测精度以及LAI空间一致性等3方面进行2类遥感数据的对比评价。结果表明,GF-1影像近红外、红、蓝波段光谱响应与Landsat-8有差异,与绿波段光谱响应非常吻合,各波段光谱反射率与Landsat-8影像同类光谱间均存在显著线性关系。通过各波段组合多种归一化植被指数,采用经验回归模型反演LAI发现,GF-1影像反演的最优模型为NDVI的指数模型,R2为0.848,Landsat-8影像反演的最优模型为蓝红组合的归一化植被指数(blue-red NDVI,BRNDVI)的指数模型,R2为0.687,2类影像反演LAI与地面实测值均呈现较为一致的线性关系。由许昌地区玉米LAI值空间分布可见,GF-1影像反演的玉米LAI值与Landsat-8影像反演值过渡趋势一致,在许昌西部种植结构复杂地区,GF-1影像以其空间分辨率优势更能凸显LAI分布差异。通过该文研究表明,GF-1卫星的高时间分辨率以及高空间分辨率特征能够代替传统中分辨率数据成为农业遥感长势监测中的重要数据源,该数据在农业遥感其他领域的应用是今后研究的重点。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
19.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献