共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
净生态系统生产力(NEP)是估算区域植被碳源/汇的重要指标。以青藏高原为研究区,基于光能利用率模型,利用遥感数据、气象数据和基础地理数据测算了2001—2015年草地生态系统净初级生产力(NPP),同时,应用土壤呼吸模型估算了逐月平均土壤呼吸量(Rs),进而估算青藏高原草地净生态系统生产力(NEP)。研究揭示了2001—2015年青藏高原草地生态系统NPP,NEP时空格局及其与气候因子的关系。结果表明:(1)2001—2015年,青藏高原草地生态系统整体表现为碳汇,平均净碳汇总量为1.82×1014 gC/a;(2)2001—2015年青藏高原草地生态系统NEP呈波动增加趋势,年平均值为120.8gC/(m2·a),年平均增长率为0.7gC/(m2·a);(3)研究区草地NPP与温度、降水相关性不显著,NEP与降水、温度均呈负相关。 相似文献
2.
不同土地利用和施肥方式下黑土碳平衡的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究进行了东北黑土不同土地利用(草地GL、裸地BL)与农田施肥管理方式(无肥NF、化肥NPK及化肥+有机肥处理NPKOM)下草本植物与作物净初级生产力(NPP)和净生态系统生产力(NEP)以及土壤碳排放的估算,目的是揭示自然与农田生态系统及经过土壤大气界面的碳收支平衡。土壤生长季碳排放总量(Rgs)、全年碳排放总量(Rann)以及全年微生物异养呼吸总量(Rm)以如下顺序递减:NPKOMGLNPKNFBL,5个处理之间存在显著差异(P0.05),但是草地与农田化肥+有机肥处理之间差异不显著(P0.05)。净初级生产力表现:GLNPKOMNPKNFBL,5个处理之间存在显著差异(P0.05)。草地总生物量及固碳量显著高于农田各处理(P0.05),草地NPP总量与农田各处理相比增加32%~96%。化肥+有机肥处理和化肥处理NPP总量比无肥处理高46%和49%。草地与农田的NEP均为正值,表明草地与农田在生态系统尺度上均是大气CO2的"汇"。对大气土壤界面碳平衡的分析表明,当前管理方式下,草地土壤是大气碳库的净汇,而裸地和农田土壤是净源。农田不同施肥处理土壤有机碳含量呈下降趋势,但增加有机肥的投入可增强土壤的固碳容量,达到新的碳平衡。 相似文献
3.
长期施肥下红壤旱地土壤CO2排放及碳平衡特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在国家肥力网红壤旱地长期定位试验地上,采用静态箱/气相色谱法测定土壤CO2排放速率,同时利用根去除法区分根系对土壤呼吸的贡献,通过计算净生态系统生产力（NEP）,判断长期不同施肥下红壤旱地农田碳汇强度。结果表明,小麦、玉米生长季各处理的土壤和土体呼吸速率随着作物生长、温度升高均呈现明显的季节变化规律;玉米生长季土壤和土体累积呼吸量大于小麦生长季,小麦、玉米生长季均以NPKM处理土壤和土体呼吸累积呼吸量最大,且显著高于其它处理（P0.05）,NP和NPK处理次之,CK和NK处理最小（P0.05）;小麦、玉米生长季各处理根际呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例分别为7.6 %～17.4 %、4.7%～16.6 %,均以NPKM处理根际呼吸贡献率最大;小麦季NPKM处理、玉米季CK和NPKM处理的NEP值为负,是大气CO2的汇,且NPKM处理的净初级生产力与土壤呼吸的比值（NPP/Rs）最大,其它处理NEP值均为正,是大气CO2的源。有机无机肥配施（NPKM）相比其它处理具有较强的碳汇功能,是红壤旱地比较合理的施肥措施。 相似文献
4.
基于VPM与MOD17产品的中国农田生态系统总初级生产力估算比较 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
VPM(vegetation photosynthesis model)与PSN(photosynthesis)模型是2个基于MODIS数据估算生态系统总初级生产力(gross primary productivity,GPP)的光能利用率模型,该文对比了VPM和PSN模型在中国农田生态系统估算中的结果并对其差异形成的原因进行了分析。研究表明:1)在位于冬小麦-夏玉米二熟区的中国科学院禹城综合试验站以及种植春玉米的盈科灌区绿洲站,与碳通量观测数据相比,VPM模拟结果分别高估3.82%、12.08%,基于PSN模型利用MODIS数据计算的MOD17产品则分别低估53.35%、63.03%;2)在中国农田生态系统,MOD17产品普遍低于VPM模拟结果,在西北、东北及黄淮海等地区约低于50%以上,在南方地区低于不到30%;3)在中国北方旱作区,MOD17产品与VPM模拟结果呈强相关关系,相关系数为0.85,模型中的最大光能利用率参数是导致MOD17产品在北方旱作种植区低于VPM模拟结果的主要原因。 相似文献
5.
R-K蒸散模型用于华北平原冬小麦农田的参数校正与评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解华北平原冬小麦田蒸散特征,并对蒸散估算模型在冬小麦田的适用性和稳定性进行分析,该文利用涡度相关系统对2013-2015年冬小麦田的蒸散量进行观测,以气象数据为基础对估算模型Rana和Katerji模型(简称R-K模型)进行修正;利用修正后模型对日蒸散量进行预测;并与FAO-PM模型的预测值及涡度相关系统的测量值进行对比,来说明R-K模型在冬小麦田的适用性。结果表明冬小麦田蒸散量有明显的季节变化,日蒸散量在1月底最小,返青期开始逐渐增大,于4、5月份达到最大值;2个冬小麦生长季总蒸散量分别为436.3和334.8 mm。统计参数的对比说明修正后R-K模型对冬小麦田日蒸散量的预测效果优于FAO-PM模型。敏感性分析说明R-K模型对气象因素不敏感,稳定性良好。R-K模型对冬小麦不同生长阶段的蒸散量预测效果在后期表现最佳,其次为发育期、中期和初期,越冬期表现最差。该研究可为利用模型估算蒸散量及指导农田精确灌溉提供参考。 相似文献
6.
BEPS模型在华北平原冬小麦估产中的应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
粮食是一切生产和生活的根本,准确地估计冬小麦的产量,对国家制定粮食政策至关重要。该文利用北部生态系统生产力模拟（BEPS,boreal ecosystem productivity simulator）模型能够模拟森林植被净第一性生产力的特点,分析了BEPS模型在冬小麦估产中的适用性和局限性。针对冬小麦和森林植被冠层的不同生长特点,假设冬小麦冠层具有水平均一、垂直分层的结构,利用辐射传输方程,将原BEPS模型中的两片大叶模型改造为多层-两片大叶模型;同时,利用前人提出的收获指数（HI,harvest index）的概念,将冬小麦的净第一性生产力转化为经济产量,从而实现利用遥感机理模型对冬小麦产量的估算。将改进后的模型用于华北平原冬小麦估产中,并利用国家级农业气象站点的实测产量资料对模拟结果进行验证,复相关系数达到0.817,说明改进后的BEPS模型可以用于华北平原冬小麦的估产研究。 相似文献
7.
《中国农业气象》2015,(5)
防护林对农田生产力的影响是一个复杂的过程,需要对多种网格进行综合监测。遥感技术为多网格、同步定量评价防护林体系对作物产量的影响提供了有力支持。本研究以黄淮海平原为例,使用增强型遥感图像时空融合方法(ESTARFM)融合多源遥感影像,通过基于遥感的光能利用效率模型,模拟黄淮海防护林网内农田总初级生产力(gross primary producivity,GPP)。结果表明:(1)冬小麦GPP实测值与模拟值具有显著的线性相关性,平均相对误差为15.62%,决定系数(R2)达0.8596。可见,建立的GPP模型具有较高的模拟精度;(2)从遥感获取的10个网格冬小麦GPP情况来看,网格间农田生产力存在较大的空间变异性。本研究初步揭示了基于遥感影像融合方法,定量估算防护林网内农田GPP的可行性,为进一步探讨防护林对农田生产力的影响提供了重要手段。 相似文献
8.
华北平原是中国最大的粮食生产基地,准确监测其冬小麦种植面积及其变化对粮食产量预测和国家粮食安全具有重要意义。然而,不同土地利用产品所估算的小麦面积、空间分布及其动态均存在较大分歧,不能有效反映出冬小麦的长期变化特征。该研究结合作物物候特征和已有小麦专题数据产品,首先构建动态阈值决策分类算法,以降低传统方法在阈值设定和样本筛选方面的不确定性;进而分析了2003—2022年华北平原区冬小麦播种面积的长期变化规律。结果表明：1）该研究提出的动态阈值决策分类算法能准确地提取冬小麦面积,平均总体精度为93.44%,且与统计数据具有较高的一致性;2）2003—2022年华北平原冬小麦种植面积整体呈上升趋势,不同地区变化类型差异较大;3）研究时段内,持续种植冬小麦的耕地面积仅占各年份种植范围总面积的5%,种植次数低于10 a的面积占比达55%;4）河北中南部、山东省西部和河南省中北部冬小麦种植面积相对稳定,京津冀地区以及山区冬小麦播种面积变化相对频繁。该研究可为大尺度冬小麦动态监测提供了新的方法视角,并对科学制定耕地调控策略具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
作物茬作为农田生态系统的重要组成部分,影响着农田生态系统中的营养物质、碳、水和能量的流动与循环。建立了基于HJ-1B数据的冬小麦留茬覆盖度遥感估算模型,为区域作物留茬覆盖度遥感监测提供技术支撑。以山东禹城市冬小麦为例,分析了冬小麦留茬覆盖度与HJ-1B CCD数据各波段反射率、红外多光谱成像仪IRS数据的近红外和短波红外波段反射率及三种归一化光谱指数之间的相关关系,选取IRS归一化指数构建冬小麦留茬覆盖度光学估算模型。使用独立的地面观测数据对模型进行检验,模型估算的最大相对误差为24.96%,平均相对误差为9.28%,达到了一定精度。 相似文献
10.
不同灌水下复合肥对冬小麦产量及农田净生态系统生产力的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
合理灌溉和施用肥料是实现冬小麦节水增产增效的关键,该研究旨在为复合肥的大面积应用提供科学依据。2009～2010年,通过田间试验设置不同灌水与施肥水平,研究了不同灌水和施用量复合肥对冬小麦产量及农田净生态系统生产力（NEP）的影响。结果表明：各灌水施肥处理中,拔节期灌水60 mm、复合肥施肥水平1?350 kg/hm2时,冬小麦产量最大,为8?894.11?kg/hm2。在考虑施肥经济效益的前提下,不灌水、灌1水、灌2水下经济最佳施肥量分别为656、920.13与872.38 kg/hm2。常规施肥处理农田CO2排放量小于各复合肥处理;在冬小麦农田土壤呼吸作用强烈的拔节及灌浆期,拔节期灌水均能显著提高农田土壤CO2排放通量。考虑农田固碳,每公顷土地施复合肥1?800 kg处理最佳。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
15.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献